The Co-design of Co-benefit Solutions to Air Pollution, Climate Change and Public Health Challenges: Building Models That Matter

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 July 2023) | Viewed by 4336

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Global Environmental Studies (IGES), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
Interests: co-benefits; atmospheric governance; Sustainable Development Goals; sustainability transitions
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Guest Editor
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Laxenburg, Austria
Interests: air pollutant emission inventories; environmental policy; co-benefits; mitigation; short-lived climate forcers

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Guest Editor
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
Interests: co-benefits; mitigation scenarios; sustainable development pathways; air pollutants and short-lived climate forcers

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Co-Guest Editor
Integrated Sustainability Center/Biodiversity and Forest, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Kanagawa, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
Interests: co-benefits; atmospheric governance; sustainable development goals; biodiversity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Not only do many air pollution and climate challenges frequently have common drivers, but their emissions often come from the same sources. A growing body of research has identified technological and behavioral changes that can limit the harmful emissions emanating from these shared drivers and sources. The multiple benefits or co-benefits resulting from these interventions have gained more attention as policymakers have sought cost-effective solutions to climate, air quality, and public health concerns in recent years. One of the reasons driving this rising interest is the increasing usability of models that quantify the magnitude of co-benefits. The accuracy of modeling estimates as well as the degree to which they capture the design and implementation of different policies in diverse contexts have also led to greater use techniques involving emissions inventories, scenario development, and benefit estimation. However, if co-benefits are to feature consistently in policymaking processes, more multi- and transboundary research is required on ensuring that co-benefits models matter to decision makers at different levels of decision making. This Special Issue is seeking contributors who can not only present the policy implications of co-benefits models but also shed much-needed light on how researchers can co-design models that matter to policymakers. Particular interest will be placed on papers that discuss efforts to co-design co-benefits solutions as well as those incorporating social and institutional dimensions of feasibility into scenarios and modeling assumptions.    

Dr. Eric Zusman
Dr. Zbigniew Klimont
Dr. Tatsuya Hanaoka
Kaoru Akahoshi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • air quality and climate co-benefits
  • mitigation opportunities and limitations
  • policy implementation
  • modeling co-benefits at different scales

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 4573 KiB  
Article
Integrated Assessment Modelling of Future Air Quality in the UK to 2050 and Synergies with Net-Zero Strategies
by Helen ApSimon, Tim Oxley, Huw Woodward, Daniel Mehlig, Mike Holland and Sarah Reeves
Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030525 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1834
Abstract
Integrated assessment modelling (IAM) has been successfully used in the development of international agreements to reduce transboundary pollution in Europe, based on the GAINS model of IIASA. At a national level in the UK, a similar approach has been taken with the UK [...] Read more.
Integrated assessment modelling (IAM) has been successfully used in the development of international agreements to reduce transboundary pollution in Europe, based on the GAINS model of IIASA. At a national level in the UK, a similar approach has been taken with the UK Integrated Assessment Model, UKIAM, superimposing pollution abatement measures and behavioural change on energy projections designed to meet targets set for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and allowing for natural and imported contributions from other countries and shipping. This paper describes how the UKIAM was used in the development of proposed targets for the reduction of fine particulate PM2.5 in the UK Environment Act, exploring scenarios encompassing different levels of ambition in reducing the emissions of air pollutants up to 2050, with associated health and other environmental benefits. There are two PM2.5 targets, an annual mean concentration target setting a maximum concentration to be reached by a future year, and a population exposure reduction target with benefits for health across the whole population. The work goes further, also demonstrating links to social deprivation. There is a strong connection between climate measures aimed at reducing net GHG emissions to zero by 2050 and future air quality, which may be positive or negative, as illustrated by sectoral studies for road transport where electrification of the fleet needs to match the evolution of energy production, and for domestic heating, where the use of wood for heating is an air quality issue. The UKIAM has been validated against air pollution measurements and other types of modelling, but there are many uncertainties, including future energy projections. Full article
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39 pages, 28810 KiB  
Article
Methodology for Mobile Toxics Deterministic Human Health Risk Assessment and Case Study
by Mohammad Munshed, Jesse Van Griensven Thé and Roydon Fraser
Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030506 - 05 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1966
Abstract
Air toxic emissions from on-road mobile sources are significant contributors to the degradation of air quality in urban and dense population centers. Research led by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified more than 1162 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the exhaust [...] Read more.
Air toxic emissions from on-road mobile sources are significant contributors to the degradation of air quality in urban and dense population centers. Research led by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified more than 1162 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the exhaust and evaporative emissions from on-road mobile sources. However, less than 70 hazardous air pollutants are monitored by regulatory agencies. HAPs emitted from Mobile Sources are known as Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSATs). The EPA estimates that approximately half of the cancer risk and 74% of noncancer health impacts from air toxics is attributed to mobile sources. The quantification of the risk associated with MSATs exposure remains limited to date, and only a few MSATs have ambient air quality standards to protect human health and welfare. This work presents a novel and validated methodology to quantify the myriad health risks associated with exposure to on-road mobile emissions. This methodology is introduced in the form of a pipelined analysis process, which may be employed in existing and new transportation projects. The proposed new methodology integrates results from three different types of models: on-road vehicle emissions inventory models such as MOVES and IVE, air dispersion models such as AERMOD and SCIPUFF, and risk estimate models for human and ecological receptors such as the 2005 Final U.S. EPA Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities. The result of this research work is a new methodology that provides regulators and risk analysts with a more detailed awareness of the health impacts of MSATs. A case study of Saint Paul, Minnesota, validated the air dispersion modeled results against monitored data, and the agreement was acceptable (i.e., the estimates were within a factor of two of the observations). Three high-population locations in the Saint Paul area were evaluated for human health risk, with the observation that at two of these locations, the Saint Paul—Ramsey Health Center and Anderson Office Building, the calculated cancer risk is in excess of the target risk level of 1.0E-05 for benzo(a)pyrene. The methodology presented in this paper allows regulators, risk analysts, and air quality engineers to better estimate multi-pathway cancer and noncancer risk associated with acute and chronic exposure to MSATs. Moreover, this work provides a science-based aid to policy decision makers when considering factors that most significantly affect population health and ecology. Full article
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