Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
4.1
2.9
Journals
Atmosphere
Special Issues
Air-Sea Interaction
share announcement

Air-Sea Interaction

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2020) | Viewed by 14054

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Denny P. Alappattu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Northwest Research Associates (NWRA), Boulder, CO, USA
Interests: atmospheric boundary layer processes; convection; turbulence; small-scale and large-scale air-sea interaction; fog formation and microphysics; atmospheric aerosols and Earth’s radiation budget; ocean mixed layer dynamics; electromagnetic ducting; data science and machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The topic of air–sea interaction has matured into an independent research field, entwining atmospheric science and physical oceanography. Air–sea interaction acquired this status through the meticulously executed field experiments and elaborate modeling efforts of several researchers in recent decades. Many studies have underscored the importance of air–sea interaction processes in modulating tropical and extra-tropical weather and climates. While small-scale air–sea interaction research focuses on the exchange of momentum, moisture, heat, and gases across the ocean-atmosphere boundary, large-scale air–sea interaction investigates the major climate modes of variability, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Madden Julian Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, North Atlantic Oscillation, Tropical Atlantic Variability, etc. The role of air–sea-coupled processes in the life cycle of monsoons and severe weather systems like hurricanes is also well established. Moreover, air–sea interaction research also finds applications in climate change studies, numerical weather prediction, fog and cloud microphysics, atmospheric aerosols, carbon cycle, electromagnetic ducting research, aviation, ocean navigation, biogeochemistry, and national security. In this context, this Special Issue intends to provide a platform to share the recent developments in these areas with a broader research community, by addressing the outstanding science questions in the field of air–sea interaction research.

Dr. Denny P. Alappattu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air-sea interaction
  • air-sea coupled processes
  • surface layer fluxes
  • bulk flux algorithms
  • marine surface layer modeling
  • El Niño–Southern Oscillation
  • Madden Julian Oscillation
  • Indian Ocean Dipole
  • North Atlantic Oscillation
  • Tropical Atlantic Variability
  • cold pools
  • monsoons
  • severe weather systems
  • western pacific warm pool
  • climate change
  • numerical weather prediction
  • cloud microphysics
  • atmospheric aerosols
  • carbon cycle
  • electromagnetic ducting research
  • biogeochemistry

Published Papers (5 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

15 pages, 81195 KiB  
Article
North–South Discrepancy of Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies over the South China Sea Associated with Eastern Pacific El Niño Events in the Spring
by Yujie Liu and Shuang Li
Atmosphere 2020, 11(10), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101135 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2261
Abstract
This paper discovers a spatial feature of interannual sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the South China Sea (SCS) in the boreal spring, based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) monthly data in the period from January 1958 to December 2010. The [...] Read more.
This paper discovers a spatial feature of interannual sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the South China Sea (SCS) in the boreal spring, based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) monthly data in the period from January 1958 to December 2010. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of interannual SST anomalies shows a north–south discrepant pattern of the first mode, which is characterized by higher (lower) anomalies in the northern (southern) SCS and possessing seasonal phase locking (in the boreal spring). Besides, the high correlation coefficient between the time series of the first EOF mode and the Nino 3 SST anomalies during winter reveals that this discrepant pattern is likely caused by El Niño events. The composites of SST anomalies show that this discrepant pattern appears in the eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events, while it does not exist in the Central Pacific (CP) El Niño events. It is believed that the western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPA) plays a key role in conveying the El Niño impact on the interannual variabilities of SCS SST in the EP El Niño events. The anomalous anticyclone in the Philippine Sea weakens the northeasterly monsoon over the SCS by its southwest portion during the mature phases of the EP El Niño events. This anomalous atmospheric circulation contributes to the north–south discrepant pattern of the wind stress anomalies over the SCS in the EP El Niño mature winters, and then leads to the north–south dipole pattern of the contemporaneous latent heat flux anomalies. The latent heat flux is a major contributor to the surface net heat flux, and heat budget analysis shows that the net heat flux is the major contributor to the SCS SST anomalies during the spring for the EP El Niño events, and the north–south discrepancy of SCS SST anomalies in the succeeding spring is ultimately formed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5056 KiB  
Article
Abnormal Strong Upwelling off the Coast of Southeast Vietnam in the Late Summer of 2016: A Comparison with the Case in 1998
by Fuan Xiao, Zhifeng Wu, Yushan Lyu and Yicen Zhang
Atmosphere 2020, 11(9), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090940 - 03 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
The traditional view holds that a weakened upwelling has often been observed off the coast of southeast Vietnam during the post-El Niño summer. This study investigated a strong upwelling and concurrent phytoplankton bloom off the coast of southeast Vietnam in August 2016 by [...] Read more.
The traditional view holds that a weakened upwelling has often been observed off the coast of southeast Vietnam during the post-El Niño summer. This study investigated a strong upwelling and concurrent phytoplankton bloom off the coast of southeast Vietnam in August 2016 by comparing it with another case in 1998. Analyses of the upwelling structure and formation mechanisms indicated that the abnormal strong upwelling in August 2016 was attributable to strong wind-driven offshore Ekman transport and Ekman pumping, which were caused by the accompanying southwesterly anomalies south of the anomalous cyclone (AC) over the western North Pacific (WNP), and vice versa in August 1998. This anomalous southwesterly wind associated with the AC over the WNP could not be explained by La Niña, the negative Indian ocean dipole, or the positive Pacific meridional mode events. Further analyses showed that the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)-induced westerly winds could have contributed more than 75% of the original zonal winds. Nine tropical cyclones generated over the WNP were favorable for excessive precipitation. The opposite configurations of precipitation patterns over the WNP and the Maritime Continent could have further strengthened the AC via a Gill response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 7211 KiB  
Article
Spatio-Temporal Variations of Water Vapor Budget over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer and Its Relationship with the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
by Deli Meng, Qing Dong, Fanping Kong, Zi Yin, Yanyan Li and Jingyi Liu
Atmosphere 2020, 11(8), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080828 - 06 Aug 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3025
Abstract
The water vapor budget (WVB) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is closely related to the large-scale atmospheric moisture transportation of the surrounding mainland and oceans, especially for the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP). However, the procession linkage between the WVBs over the TP and [...] Read more.
The water vapor budget (WVB) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is closely related to the large-scale atmospheric moisture transportation of the surrounding mainland and oceans, especially for the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP). However, the procession linkage between the WVBs over the TP and its inner basins and IPWP has not been sufficiently elucidated. In this study, the relationship between the summer WVB over the TP and the IPWP was quantitatively investigated using reanalysis datasets and satellite-observed sea surface temperature (SST). The results show that: (1) the mean total summer vapor budget (WVBt) over the TP in the period of 1979–2018 was 72.5 × 106 kg s−1. Additionally, for the 13 basins within the TP, the summer WVB has decreased from southeast to northwest; the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin had the highest WVB (33.7%), followed by the Upper Yangtze River Basin, Ganges River Basin and Qiangtang Plateau. (2) For the past several decades, the WVBt over the TP has experienced an increasing trend (3.81 × 106 kg s−1 decade−1), although the southern boundary budget (WVBs) contributed the most and is most closely related with the WVBt, while the eastern boundary budget (WVBe) experienced a decreasing trend (4.21 × 106 kg s−1 decade−1) which was almost equal to the interdecadal variations of the WVBt. (3) For the IPWP, we defined a new warm pool index of surface latent heat flux (WPI-slhf), and found that an increasing WPI-slhf would cause an anticyclone anomaly in the equatorial western Indian Ocean (near 70° E), resulting in the increased advent of water vapor to the TP. (4) On the interdecadal scale, the correlation coefficients of the variation of the summer WVBt over the TP with the WPI-slhf and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) signal were 0.86 and 0.85, respectively (significant at the 0.05% level). Therefore, the warming and the increasing slhf of the IPWP would significantly contribute to the increasing WVB of the TP in recent decades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3976 KiB  
Article
An Index for Depicting the Long-Term Variability of Mesoscale Eddy Activity over the Kuroshio Extension Region
by Peilong Yu, Chao Zhang, Lifeng Zhang, Xiong Chen, Quanjia Zhong, Minghao Yang and Xin Li
Atmosphere 2020, 11(8), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080792 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
Using high-resolution satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) data from September 1981 to December 2015, the present study develops a new index to detect the long-term variation in mesoscale eddy activity over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region. This eddy activity index (EAI) highlights the [...] Read more.
Using high-resolution satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) data from September 1981 to December 2015, the present study develops a new index to detect the long-term variation in mesoscale eddy activity over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region. This eddy activity index (EAI) highlights the strength of eddy-induced poleward heat transport and has obvious advantages over the other existing KE indices in depicting the low-frequency changes in KE eddy activity. An analysis of the EAI shows that over the long term, the KE eddy activity variability presents a significant spectral peak of about 8 years and is not directly modulated by wind-driven oceanic Rossby waves generated in the central North Pacific. When the EAI is positive, the strengthened KE eddy activity significantly enhances the heat release from ocean to atmosphere over the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region (KOCR). This induces an anomalous dipole pattern of near-surface baroclinicity over this region that can persist for up to 6 months, favoring a weakened and northward-moving East Asian jet, and vice versa. It is believed that the new EAI will facilitate future studies focusing on the climatic effects of the KE eddy activity variation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2518 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Rivers Detected by a New Image-Processing Based Method and Magnitude-Thresholding Based Methods
by Guangzhi Xu, Xiaohui Ma, Ping Chang and Lin Wang
Atmosphere 2020, 11(6), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060628 - 13 Jun 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3438
Abstract
A majority of the existing atmospheric rivers (ARs) detection methods is based on magnitude thresholding on either the integrated water vapor (IWV) or integrated vapor transport (IVT). One disadvantage of such an approach is that the predetermined threshold does not have the flexibility [...] Read more.
A majority of the existing atmospheric rivers (ARs) detection methods is based on magnitude thresholding on either the integrated water vapor (IWV) or integrated vapor transport (IVT). One disadvantage of such an approach is that the predetermined threshold does not have the flexibility to adjust to the fast changing conditions where ARs are embedded. To address this issue, a new AR detection method is derived from an image-processing algorithm that makes the detection independent of AR magnitude. In this study, we compare the North Pacific and Atlantic ARs tracked by the new detection method and two widely used magnitude thresholding methods in the present day climate. The results show considerable sensitivities of the detected AR number, shape, intensities and their accounted IVT accumulations to different methods. In many aspects, ARs detected by the new method lie between those from the two magnitude thresholding methods, but stand out with a greater number of AR tracks, longer track durations, and stronger AR-related moisture transport in the AR tracks. North Pacific and North Atlantic ARs identified by the new method account for around 100–120 ×   10 3 kg/m/s IVT within the AR track regions, about 50 % more than the other two methods. This is primarily due to the fact that the new method captures the strong IVT signals more effectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-5
Back to TopTop