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Atmosphere
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Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary System
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Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary System

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 14184

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kai-Jen Chuang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
Interests: air pollution measurement, prevention and intervention; cardiovascular health; respiratory health; environmental epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Indoor air pollution is a high-priority risk across the world. The leading health outcome attributed to indoor air pollution is cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organization has announced that 3.8 million deaths worldwide in 2016 were linked to household/indoor air pollution exposure. Approximately 60 percent of household/indoor air pollution deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and ischaemic heart disease. However, studies of the association between indoor air pollution and cardiovascular effects, indoor air quality improvement and cardiovascular health promotion, etc., are still limited. Moreover, the mechanism linking indoor air pollution to cardiovascular effects is still largely unclear. Therefore, we invite you to consider submitting your research for publication in this Special Issue of the journal, focusing on the “Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on the Cardiopulmonary System”. The aim of this Special Issue is to communicate a selection of papers on measurement, prevention and interventions regarding cardiovascular effects induced by indoor air pollution in human subjects. In vitro and in vivo studies are also very welcome.

Prof. Dr. Kai-Jen Chuang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • indoor air quality
  • indoor air pollution
  • household air pollution
  • particulate matter
  • ozone
  • carbon monoxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrogen dioxide
  • volatile organic compounds
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 603 KiB  
Article
Association between Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Lung Imaging Phenotype in CODA Cohort
by Youlim Kim, So Hyeon Bak, Sung Ok Kwon, Ho Kim, Woo Jin Kim and Chang Youl Lee
Atmosphere 2021, 12(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020282 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
Background and Aims: Ambient particulate matter (PM) is causing respiratory symptoms of individuals at all ages and reducing their lung functions. These individuals could develop chronic pulmonary disease. Recent studies have shown that short-term exposure to PM affects acute exacerbation of respiratory disease. [...] Read more.
Background and Aims: Ambient particulate matter (PM) is causing respiratory symptoms of individuals at all ages and reducing their lung functions. These individuals could develop chronic pulmonary disease. Recent studies have shown that short-term exposure to PM affects acute exacerbation of respiratory disease. However, evidence about the association between long-term exposure and progression of respiratory diseases remains insufficient. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between long-term exposure of air pollution (PM2.5) and the effect on lung imaging phenotype in dust-exposed Korean adults living near cement factories. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Dusty Areas (CODA) cohort, which was recruited from 2012 to 2014. Emphysema index and mean wall area were measured using an in-house software program developed by the Korean obstructive lung disease study group based on chest CT scan. A satellite-based model was used to estimate the long-term PM2.5 concentration at each participant’s address. Results: Of 504 eligible participants, 400 participants were analyzed. Their mean age was 71.7 years. Most participants were men (N = 301, 75.3%). The emphysema index of the whole group was 6.63 ± 0.70, and the mean wall area was 68.8 ± 5.2. Image measurement and PM2.5 concentration showed no significant difference in the whole group; however, in the group of subjects with normal lung function, there were significant associations between long-term PM2.5 exposure and emphysema index measurement: 1-year (ß = 0.758, p = 0.021), 3-year (ß = 0.629, p = 0.038), and 5-year (ß = 0.544, p = 0.045). There was no significant association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and mean wall area measurement: 1-year (ß = −0.389, p = 0.832), 3-year (ß = −3.677, p = 0.170), and 5-year (ß = −3.769, p = 0.124). Conclusions: This study suggests that long-term exposure of PM2.5 may affect the emphysematous change in patients with normal lung functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary System)
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11 pages, 227 KiB  
Article
Exposure to Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds and Hypertension among Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display Workers
by Ta-Yuan Chang, Kuei-Hung Huang, Chiu-Shong Liu and Bo-Ying Bao
Atmosphere 2020, 11(7), 718; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070718 - 06 Jul 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2393
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the concentration of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to investigate the association between indoor VOCs exposure and the prevalence of hypertension among thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) workers. A total of 20 canisters were [...] Read more.
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the concentration of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to investigate the association between indoor VOCs exposure and the prevalence of hypertension among thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) workers. A total of 20 canisters were used to collect VOCs samples in the array, cell and module areas over 12 hours and VOCs concentrations were analyzed by the gas chromatography with mass spectrum. Individual information of health examination and lifestyles by self-administrated questionnaire were provided by 155 volunteers. The multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the associations between VOCs exposure, blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension. The four dominant VOCs were ethanol (1870.8 ± 1754.0 ppb), acetone (689.9 ± 587.4 ppb), isopropyl alcohol (177.1 ± 202.3 ppb) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (98.2 ± 100.8 ppb), which were identified with the highest level in the module area for ethanol and acetone and in the array area for the others. Subjects exposed to a total level of ethanol, cyclohexanone and toluene ≥ 2500 ppb had an increased systolic blood pressure of 5.95 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 0.20–11.71; p = 0.043) compared with those exposed to <2500 ppb. Exposure to mixed VOCs in the indoor environment might be associated with elevated blood pressure among TFT-LCD workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary System)
15 pages, 433 KiB  
Article
Arsenic Exposure and Methylation Efficiency in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Semiconductor Workers
by Chih-Hong Pan, Ching-Yu Lin, Ching-Huang Lai and Hueiwang Anna Jeng
Atmosphere 2020, 11(5), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050464 - 04 May 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2120
Abstract
This study examined associations between oxidative stress and arsenic (As) exposure and methylation efficiency in semiconductor workers. An As-exposed group (n = 427) and a control group (n = 91) were included. The As-exposure group (n = 427) included 149 maintenance staff members [...] Read more.
This study examined associations between oxidative stress and arsenic (As) exposure and methylation efficiency in semiconductor workers. An As-exposed group (n = 427) and a control group (n = 91) were included. The As-exposure group (n = 427) included 149 maintenance staff members and 278 production staff members representing high As exposure and low As exposure, respectively. The control group included 91 administrative staff members with no or minimal As exposure. An occupational exposure assessment was conducted to assess personal As exposure by measuring As concentrations in urine, hair, and fingernails of the subjects. Urinary As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were quantified to assess an internal dose of inorganic As. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to asses oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. As concentrations in urine, hair, and fingernails significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the As-exposed group in comparison to the control group. Geometric mean urinary concentrations of As, 8-OHdG, and MDA in the As-exposed group significantly exceeded those in the control group. As exposure to As-exposed workers had increased concentrations of 8-OHdG in contrast to those in control subjects. Moreover, urinary 8-OHdG concentrations in the semiconductor workers were positively correlated with urinary total As metabolite (As(III) + As(V) + MMA + DMA) concentrations. Furthermore, urinary excretion of 8-OHdG concentrations in As-exposed workers were positively associated with urinary excretion of MMA concentrations and primary methylation index values (the ration of MMA/inorganic As). However, fingernail and hair samples did not perform as well as urinary samples to measure oxidative stress induced by As exposure. 8-OHdG could serve as a more reliable biomarker for assessing As methylation than MDA did. Occupational exposure to inorganic As was associated with increased oxidative stress among semiconductor workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary System)
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17 pages, 715 KiB  
Article
Impacts of In-Cabin Exposure to Size-Fractionated Particulate Matters and Carbon Monoxide on Changes in Heart Rate Variability for Healthy Public Transit Commuters
by Chin-Sheng Tang, Tzu-Yi Wu, Kai-Jen Chuang, Ta-Yuan Chang, Hsiao-Chi Chuang, Shih-Chun Candice Lung and Li-Te Chang
Atmosphere 2019, 10(7), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10070409 - 17 Jul 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3382
Abstract
To evaluate the cardiovascular impact of traffic-related pollutant exposure on healthy young adults, the research team has collected the primary data of in-cabin exposure to air pollutants and heart rate variability (HRV). Twenty young healthy college students were recruited in Taipei metropolitan area. [...] Read more.
To evaluate the cardiovascular impact of traffic-related pollutant exposure on healthy young adults, the research team has collected the primary data of in-cabin exposure to air pollutants and heart rate variability (HRV). Twenty young healthy college students were recruited in Taipei metropolitan area. In addition to electrocardiogram, personal exposure to air pollutants, i.e., particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO), and weather conditions, including temperature and relative humidity (RH), on campus, bus, and mass rapid transit were monitored continuously. The following HRV parameters were evaluated using generalized additive mixed model to adjust for personal and meteorological variables: heart rate (HR), the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (r-MSSD), the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN), the percentage of successive NN interval differences greater than 50 ms (pNN50), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF), total power (TP), and LF/HF. They were assessed to find out the association between in-cabin exposure and HRV parameters. Compared with the HRV parameters measured on campus, the percent changes in r-MSSD, SDNN, pNN50+1, LF, HF, and TP decreased when the participants were in public transits. After adjusting for all locations, 5 min moving averages of PM2.5–10 and PM1 were significantly associated with the increase in the percent changes in HR and SDNN. Additionally, 5 min moving averages of PM2.5–10 exposure were significantly associated with the decrease in the percent change in HF, while it was significantly associated with the increase of the percent change in LF/HF. The reduction of the percent change in HR was also found to be significantly associated with 5 min CO moving averages. To conclude, current analyses have shown that size-fractionated PMs and CO exposure in public transits might lead to significant changes of HRV parameters for healthy young adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary System)
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11 pages, 626 KiB  
Article
Indoor and Outdoor Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Health Risk Assessment in Residents Living near an Optoelectronics Industrial Park
by Ta-Yuan Chang, Chin-Lin Liu, Kuei-Hung Huang and Hsien-Wen Kuo
Atmosphere 2019, 10(7), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10070380 - 08 Jul 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3508
Abstract
This study aimed to determine indoor and outdoor levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to assess potential risks among residents living in the vicinity of an optoelectronics industrial park in 2006–2007. We used steel canisters to collect 72 indoor samples and 80 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine indoor and outdoor levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to assess potential risks among residents living in the vicinity of an optoelectronics industrial park in 2006–2007. We used steel canisters to collect 72 indoor samples and 80 outdoor samples over 24 h. Gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector was used for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The amounts of time residents spent doing activities in different microenvironments were determined by the self-administered questionnaire. The chronic hazard index (HIc) and cancer risk were applied to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs among residents. Four VOCs of ethanol (indoor: 77.8 ± 92.8 μg/m3; outdoor: 26.8 ± 49.6 μg/m3), toluene (67.0 ± 36.7 μg/m3; 56.9 ± 19.0 μg/m3), m/p-xylene (50.8 ± 66.1 μg/m3; 21.2 ± 20.3 μg/m3), and acetone (37.7 ± 27.5 μg/m3; 25.8 ± 9.8 μg/m3) were identified as dominant components in both the indoor and outdoor environments. Total VOCs and six VOCs of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, and ethanol in indoor sites were significantly higher than those in outdoor sites (all p-values < 0.05). All estimated HIc values were less than unity and the cancer risk of benzene exposure was 1.8 × 10−4 (range: 9.3 × 10−5 to 3.4 × 10−4) based on resident time-weighted patterns. Strategies to reduce benzene exposure should be implemented to protect public health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Indoor Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary System)
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