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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Ozone and Stratospheric Dynamics
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Ozone and Stratospheric Dynamics

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2020) | Viewed by 12371

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Peter Krizan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Boční II, 14131 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: discontinuities in the ozone concentration; ozone laminae; stratospheric dynamics; the relationship between ozone and atmospheric circulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ozone is a very important trace gas in the atmosphere, as it protects the biota from harmful ultraviolent solar radiation. The greatest challenge in ozone research was the discovery of the ozone hole in the Southern Hemisphere. Following the adoption of Montreal Protocol, we have observed a slowdown of ozone depletion and, subsequently, ozone recovery. The behavior of the ozone layer is also influenced by greenhouse warming in the troposphere. In this Special Issue, we shall accept papers focused on ozone layer behavior and its connection to the changes in atmospheric circulation and decreasing amount of the ozone-depleted substances. These papers will be based on ozone observations and model studies.

Changes in atmospheric circulation affect ozone behavior in the atmosphere. Ozone observations, however, do not have sufficient density and coverage. By contrast, data from reanalysis have homogeneous spatial and temporal coverage, but there are discontinuities in them due to changes in assimilation procedures and due to the increasing amount of observational data used in these procedures. Therefore, another topic of interest for this Special Issue shall be whether these reanalysis data are suitable for trend analysis or not. 

Dr. Peter Krizan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • trends in the ozone layer
  • ozone and changes in the tropospheric circulation
  • ozone and global warming
  • discontinuities in the ozone data from reanalysis
  • trends in ozone from reanalysis data

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7742 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Ozone Changes in the Tropopause Layer on Stratospheric Water Vapor
by Jinpeng Lu, Fei Xie, Hongying Tian and Jiali Luo
Atmosphere 2021, 12(3), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030291 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2069
Abstract
Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) changes play an important role in regulating global climate change, and its variations are controlled by tropopause temperature. This study estimates the impacts of tropopause layer ozone changes on tropopause temperature by radiative process and further influences on lower [...] Read more.
Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) changes play an important role in regulating global climate change, and its variations are controlled by tropopause temperature. This study estimates the impacts of tropopause layer ozone changes on tropopause temperature by radiative process and further influences on lower stratospheric water vapor (LSWV) using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM4). It is found that a 10% depletion in global (mid-low and polar latitudes) tropopause layer ozone causes a significant cooling of the tropical cold-point tropopause with a maximum cooling of 0.3 K, and a corresponding reduction in LSWV with a maximum value of 0.06 ppmv. The depletion of tropopause layer ozone at mid-low latitudes results in cooling of the tropical cold-point tropopause by radiative processes and a corresponding LSWV reduction. However, the effect of polar tropopause layer ozone depletion on tropical cold-point tropopause temperature and LSWV is opposite to and weaker than the effect of tropopause layer ozone depletion at mid-low latitudes. Finally, the joint effect of tropopause layer ozone depletion (at mid-low and polar latitudes) causes a negative cold-point tropopause temperature and a decreased tropical LSWV. Conversely, the impact of a 10% increase in global tropopause layer ozone on LSWV is exactly the opposite of the impact of ozone depletion. After 2000, tropopause layer ozone decreased at mid-low latitudes and increased at high latitudes. These tropopause layer ozone changes at different latitudes cause joint cooling in the tropical cold-point tropopause and a reduction in LSWV. Clarifying the impacts of tropopause layer ozone changes on LSWV clearly is important for understanding and predicting SWV changes in the context of future global ozone recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone and Stratospheric Dynamics)
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14 pages, 7904 KiB  
Article
Different Relationships between Arctic Oscillation and Ozone in the Stratosphere over the Arctic in January and February
by Meichen Liu and Dingzhu Hu
Atmosphere 2021, 12(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020129 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2127
Abstract
We compare the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and ozone concentration in the lower stratosphere over the Arctic during 1980–1994 (P1) and 2007–2019 (P2) in January and February using reanalysis datasets. The out-of-phase relationship between the AO and ozone in the lower [...] Read more.
We compare the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and ozone concentration in the lower stratosphere over the Arctic during 1980–1994 (P1) and 2007–2019 (P2) in January and February using reanalysis datasets. The out-of-phase relationship between the AO and ozone in the lower stratosphere is significant in January during P1 and February during P2, but it is insignificant in January during P2 and February during P1. The variable links between the AO and ozone in the lower stratosphere over the Arctic in January and February are not caused by changes in the spatial pattern of AO but are related to the anomalies in the planetary wave propagation between the troposphere and stratosphere. The upward propagation of the planetary wave in the stratosphere related to the positive phase of AO significantly weakens in January during P1 and in February during P2, which may be related to negative buoyancy frequency anomalies over the Arctic. When the AO is in the positive phase, the anomalies of planetary wave further contribute to the negative ozone anomalies via weakening the Brewer–Dobson circulation and decreasing the temperature in the lower stratosphere over the Arctic in January during P1 and in February during P2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone and Stratospheric Dynamics)
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14 pages, 3641 KiB  
Article
Ozone Variation Trends under Different CMIP6 Scenarios
by Lin Shang, Jiali Luo and Chunxiao Wang
Atmosphere 2021, 12(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010112 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2644
Abstract
This study compares and analyzes simulations of ozone under different scenarios by three CMIP6 models (IPSL-CM6A, MRI-ESM2 and CESM-WACCM). Results indicate that as the social vulnerability and anthropogenic radiative forcing is increasing, the change of total column ozone in the tropical stratosphere is [...] Read more.
This study compares and analyzes simulations of ozone under different scenarios by three CMIP6 models (IPSL-CM6A, MRI-ESM2 and CESM-WACCM). Results indicate that as the social vulnerability and anthropogenic radiative forcing is increasing, the change of total column ozone in the tropical stratosphere is not linear. Compared to the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0 are more favorable for the increase in stratospheric ozone mass in the tropics. Arctic ozone would never recover under the SSP1-2.6 scenario; however, the Antarctica ozone would gradually recover in all scenarios. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios, the trend of tropical total column ozone is mainly determined by the trend of column ozone in the tropical troposphere. Under the SSP3-7.0 scenario, tropospheric ozone concentration will significantly increase; under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, ozone concentration will distinctly increase in the middle and lower troposphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone and Stratospheric Dynamics)
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27 pages, 3844 KiB  
Article
Trends of UV Radiation in Antarctica
by Germar Bernhard and Scott Stierle
Atmosphere 2020, 11(8), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080795 - 28 Jul 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4860
Abstract
The success of the Montreal Protocol in curbing increases in harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface has recently been demonstrated. This study also provided evidence that the UV Index (UVI) measured by SUV-100 spectroradiometers at three Antarctic sites (South Pole, [...] Read more.
The success of the Montreal Protocol in curbing increases in harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface has recently been demonstrated. This study also provided evidence that the UV Index (UVI) measured by SUV-100 spectroradiometers at three Antarctic sites (South Pole, Arrival Heights, and Palmer Station) is now decreasing. For example, a significant (95% confidence level) downward trend of −5.5% per decade was reported at Arrival Heights for summer (December through February). However, it was also noted that these measurements are potentially affected by long-term drifts in calibrations of approximately 1% per decade. To address this issue, we have reviewed the chain of calibrations implemented at the three sites between 1996 and 2018 and applied corrections for changes in the scales of spectral irradiance (SoSI) that have occurred over this period (Method 1). This analysis resulted in an upward correction of UVI data measured after 2012 by 1.7% to 1.8%, plus smaller adjustments for several shorter periods. In addition, we have compared measurements during clear skies with model calculations to identify and correct anomalies in the measurements (Method 2). Corrections from both methods reduced decadal trends in UVI on average by 1.7% at the South Pole, 2.1% at Arrival Heights, and 1.6% at Palmer Station. Trends in UVI calculated from the corrected dataset are consistent with concomitant trends in ozone. The decadal trend in UVI calculated from the corrected dataset for summer at Arrival Heights is −3.3% and is significant at the 90% level. Analysis of spectral irradiance measurements at 340 nm suggests that this trend is partially caused by changes in sea ice cover adjacent to the station. For the South Pole, a significant (95% level) trend in UVI of −3.9% per decade was derived for January. This trend can partly be explained by a significant positive trend in total ozone of about 3% per decade, which was calculated from SUV-100 and Dobson measurements. Our study provides further evidence that UVIs are now decreasing in Antarctica during summer months. Reductions have not yet emerged during spring when the ozone hole leads to large UVI variability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ozone and Stratospheric Dynamics)
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