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Atmosphere
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Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows
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Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2018) | Viewed by 24120

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sukanta Basu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: atmospheric turbulence; boundary-layer meteorology; large-eddy simulation; mesoscale modeling; short-term forecasting; wake modeling; wind resource assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) spans the lowest few-hundred meters of the Earth’s atmosphere, and intensively exchanges mass (e.g., water vapor, pollutants), momentum, and heat with the underlying Earth’s surface. ABL has immense practical importance in a wide range of industrial (e.g., stack gas dispersion, wind energy generation), biological (e.g., pollen transport and deposition, migrations of birds and insects), natural (e.g., soil erosion, transport, and deposition), and meteorological (e.g., low-level jet formation) activities that take place in this turbulent layer. At the same time, owing to its high Reynolds number, ABL plays a critical role in advancing fundamental turbulence research. For decades, it has been the favorite playground of the theoretical physics community for testing a variety of universal scaling and similarity hypotheses.

At present, large-eddy simulation (LES) is the most efficient computational technique available for ABL simulations, in which the large scales of motion (on the order of a few meters and higher) are resolved explicitly, and the smaller ones (subgrid-scale or SGS) are modeled. Over the past four decades, the field of LES of ABL has evolved dramatically. LES has enabled researchers to probe various boundary layer flows by generating unprecedented high-resolution three-dimensional turbulence data. As a consequence, we have gained a better understanding of some complex ABL phenomena.

Atmosphere will publish a Special Issue on LES of ABL flows. The scope includes (but is not limited to):

  • Clear boundary layers
  • Cloudy boundary layers
  • Transitional boundary layers
  • Marine atmospheric boundary layers
  • Urban boundary layers
  • ABL flows over heterogeneous and/or complex terrain
  • LES of tornado-like vortices, downbursts, etc. 
  • Development of LES-SGS models
  • Validation of LES-SGS models
  • Gray-zone (also known as terra-incognita) modeling
  • Coupled mesoscale-LES modeling
  • LES-based parameterizations for mesoscale models
  • Applications: atmospheric optics, dispersion, evapotranspiration, wind energy, wind engineering, etc. 

We encourage submission of original research articles, as well as review manuscripts, from the ever-growing LES modeling community.

Dr. Sukanta Basu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Clouds
  • Complex terrain
  • Convection
  • Heterogeneity
  • Gray-zone
  • Similarity theory
  • Stratification
  • Subgrid-scale model
  • Transition
  • Turbulence
  • Urban
  • Validation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4661 KiB  
Article
Local Convection and Turbulence in the Amazonia Using Large Eddy Simulation Model
by Theomar Neves, Gilberto Fisch and Siegfried Raasch
Atmosphere 2018, 9(10), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100399 - 12 Oct 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3593
Abstract
Using a high resolution model of Large Eddies Simulation (LES), named PALM from PArallel LES Model, a set of simulations were performed to understand how turbulence and convection behave in a pasture and forest sites in Amazonia during the dry and rainy seasons. [...] Read more.
Using a high resolution model of Large Eddies Simulation (LES), named PALM from PArallel LES Model, a set of simulations were performed to understand how turbulence and convection behave in a pasture and forest sites in Amazonia during the dry and rainy seasons. Related to seasonality, dry period presented higher differences of values (40 W m−2) and patterns over the sites, while in the wet period have more similar characteristics (difference of −10 W m−2). The pasture site had more convection than the forest, with effective mixing and a deeper boundary layer (2600 m). The vertical decrease of sensible heat flux with altitude fed convection and also influenced the convective boundary layer (CBL) height. Regarding the components of turbulent kinetic energy equation, the thermal production was the most important component and the dissipation rate responded with higher growth, especially in cases of greatest mechanical production at the forest surface reaching values up to −20.0. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows)
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17 pages, 1562 KiB  
Article
Turbulence Structure in a Stratocumulus Cloud
by Georgios Matheou
Atmosphere 2018, 9(10), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100392 - 10 Oct 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5235
Abstract
The growth of computing power combined with advances in modeling methods can yield high-fidelity simulations establishing numerical simulation as a key tool for discovery in the atmospheric sciences. A fine-scale large-eddy simulation (LES) utilizing 1.25 m grid resolution and [...] Read more.
The growth of computing power combined with advances in modeling methods can yield high-fidelity simulations establishing numerical simulation as a key tool for discovery in the atmospheric sciences. A fine-scale large-eddy simulation (LES) utilizing 1.25 m grid resolution and 5.12 × 5.12 km 2 horizontal domain is used to investigate the turbulence and liquid water structure in a stratocumulus cloud. The simulations capture the observed cloud morphology, including elongated regions of low liquid water path, cloud holes, and pockets of clear air within the cloud. The cloud can be partitioned into two broad layers with respect to the maximum mean liquid. The lower layer resembles convective turbulent structure with classical inertial range scaling of the velocity and scalar energy spectra. The top and shallower layer is directly influenced by the cloud top radiative cooling and the entrainment process. Near the cloud top, the liquid water spectra become shallower and transition to a k − 1 power law for scales smaller than about 1 km . Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows)
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21 pages, 10188 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Aerosol Radiative Heating on Turbulence Statistics and Spectra in the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study
by Cheng Liu, Jianping Huang, Evgeni Fedorovich, Xiao-Ming Hu, Yongwei Wang and Xuhui Lee
Atmosphere 2018, 9(9), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9090347 - 05 Sep 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 9318
Abstract
Turbulence statistics and spectra in a radiatively heated convective boundary layer (CBL) under aerosol pollution conditions are less investigated than their counterparts in the clear CBL. In this study, a large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled with an aerosol radiative transfer model is employed to [...] Read more.
Turbulence statistics and spectra in a radiatively heated convective boundary layer (CBL) under aerosol pollution conditions are less investigated than their counterparts in the clear CBL. In this study, a large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled with an aerosol radiative transfer model is employed to determine the impact of aerosol radiative heating on CBL turbulence statistics. One-dimensional velocity spectra and velocity–temperature cospectra are invoked to characterize the turbulence flow in the CBL with varying aerosol pollution conditions. The results show that aerosol heating makes the profiles of turbulent heat flux curvilinear, while the total (turbulent plus radiative) heat flux profile retains the linear relationship with height throughout the CBL. The horizontal and vertical velocity variances are reduced significantly throughout the radiatively heated CBL with increased aerosol optical depth (AOD). The potential temperature variance is also reduced, especially in the entrainment zone and near the surface. The velocity spectral density tends to be smaller overall, and the peak of the velocity spectra is shifted toward larger wavenumbers as AOD increases. This shift reveals that the energy-containing turbulent eddies become smaller, which is also supported by visual inspection of the vertical velocity pattern over horizontal planes. The modified CBL turbulence scales for velocity and temperature are found to be applicable for normalizing the corresponding profiles, indicating that a correction factor for aerosol radiative heating is needed for capturing the general features of the CBL structure in the presence of aerosol radiative heating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows)
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14 pages, 1579 KiB  
Article
Impact of Subgrid-Scale Modeling in Actuator-Line Based Large-Eddy Simulation of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Wakes
by Mahdi Abkar
Atmosphere 2018, 9(7), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070257 - 10 Jul 2018
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4363
Abstract
A large-eddy simulation (LES) study of vertical-axis wind turbine wakes under uniform inflow conditions is performed. Emphasis is placed on exploring the effects of subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling on turbine loading as well as on the formation and development of the wind turbine wake. [...] Read more.
A large-eddy simulation (LES) study of vertical-axis wind turbine wakes under uniform inflow conditions is performed. Emphasis is placed on exploring the effects of subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling on turbine loading as well as on the formation and development of the wind turbine wake. In this regard, the validated LES framework coupled with an actuator-line parametrization is employed. Three different SGS models are considered: the standard Smagorinsky model, the Lagrangian scale-dependent dynamic (LSDD) model, and the anisotropic minimum dissipation (AMD) model. The results show that the SGS model has a negligible effect on the mean aerodynamic loads acting on the blades. However, the structure of the wake, including the mean velocity and turbulence statistics, is significantly affected by the SGS closure. In particular, the standard Smagorisnky model with its theoretical model coefficient (i.e., CS∼0.16) postpones the transition of the wake to turbulence and yields a higher velocity variance in the turbulent region compared to the LSDD and AMD models. This observation is elaborated in more detail by analyzing the resolved-scale turbulent kinetic energy budget inside the wake. It is also shown that, unlike the standard Smagorinsky model, which requires detailed calibrations of the model coefficient, the AMD can yield predictions similar to the LSDD model for the mean and turbulence characteristics of the wake without any tuning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows)
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