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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Vehicle Exhaust and Non-exhaust Emissions
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Vehicle Exhaust and Non-exhaust Emissions

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 5552

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuesen Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Sloan Automotive Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
2. Vehicle Practice, Exponent, Natick, MA 01760, USA
Interests: particle emissions; aftertreatment system; engines; lubricating oil
Dr. Xingyu Liang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: engine combustion; particle emissions; emission control; lubricating oil; marine engine
Dr. Ye Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Interests: vehicle exhaust emissions; vehicle non-exhaust emissions; soot particles; brake wear emissions; tire wear emissions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vehicle emissions, including exhaust and non-exhaust emissions, are a significant source of air pollutants. The exhaust emissions from vehicle engine combustion, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds, can have harmful effects on human health and the environment. In addition, non-exhaust emissions, such as brake and tire wear particles, can also contribute to air pollution and negative health effects. In particular, with the introduction of battery powered electrical vehicles, the heavy weight of the battery pack adds new challenges to the tire and brake wear and the resulting different particle emission characteristics. Thus, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the formation of both exhaust and non-exhaust emissions, which is beneficial to developing effective strategies to mitigate the vehicle-derived emissions.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research papers focused on investigating vehicle-related emissions and the performance of an aftertreatment system using experimental, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Experimental studies on the characterization and quantification of emissions from various types of vehicles, including light-duty, heavy-duty, and off-road vehicles.
  • Evaluation of vehicle aftertreatment system.
  • Numerical simulation and modeling of emissions from vehicles, including the development and validation of computational models for predicting vehicle emissions.
  • Theoretical analysis and modeling of the factors affecting vehicle-related emissions, such as driving cycles, engine operating conditions, fuel properties, vehicle weight, etc.
  • Investigation on the effectiveness of various emission control technologies and strategies, including catalytic converters, diesel particulate filters, SCR, and hybrid/electric vehicles.
  • Evaluation of the environmental and health impacts of vehicle emissions, including the contribution of vehicle-derived emissions to air pollution and the associated public health impacts.

Dr. Yuesen Wang
Dr. Xingyu Liang
Dr. Ye Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vehicle exhaust emissions
  • aftertreatment system
  • vehicle non-exhaust emissions
  • numerical simulation
  • environmental and health impact

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3275 KiB  
Article
Influence of Longitudinal and Lateral Forces on the Emission of Tire–Road Particulate Matter and Its Size Distribution
by Stefan Schläfle, Hans-Joachim Unrau and Frank Gauterin
Atmosphere 2023, 14(12), 1780; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121780 - 01 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1425
Abstract
The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the mathematical correlations between the loading of the tire, being longitudinal and lateral forces, and the emission of particulate matter (PM) from the tire–road contact. Existing emission factors (EF, emission per vehicle and distance [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the mathematical correlations between the loading of the tire, being longitudinal and lateral forces, and the emission of particulate matter (PM) from the tire–road contact. Existing emission factors (EF, emission per vehicle and distance traveled) are the result of long-term measurements, which means that no conclusion can be drawn about the exact driving condition. To determine meaningful emission factors, extensive driving tests were conducted on an internal drum test bench while measuring PM emissions from the tire–road contact in real-time. This showed that the increases in emission over longitudinal and lateral forces can be approximated with fourth-order functions, with lateral forces leading to significantly higher emissions than longitudinal forces for the summer tire investigated. Using the emission functions obtained, a three-dimensional map was created that assigns an EF to each load condition consisting of different longitudinal and lateral forces for one vertical load. With known driving data, the map can be used for future simulation models to predict the total emission of real driving cycles. Furthermore, the results show that the average particle size increases with increasing horizontal force. The particles collected during the tests were analyzed to determine the proportions of tire and road material. According to the results, the tire contributes only about 20% of the particle mass, while 80% is attributable to the road surface. In terms of volume, these shares are 32% and 68%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Exhaust and Non-exhaust Emissions)
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15 pages, 5777 KiB  
Article
Particle Counter Design Upgrade for Euro 7
by Norbert Biró, Dániel Szőllősi and Péter Kiss
Atmosphere 2023, 14(9), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091411 - 07 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1072
Abstract
This research article presents an optimized approach to enhance the performance of the APC exhaust gas particle analyzer, a significant instrument used for exhaust emission evaluation in diesel-powered vehicles considering EU regulations on pollutant emissions. The study aimed to address the challenge of [...] Read more.
This research article presents an optimized approach to enhance the performance of the APC exhaust gas particle analyzer, a significant instrument used for exhaust emission evaluation in diesel-powered vehicles considering EU regulations on pollutant emissions. The study aimed to address the challenge of particle counter contamination that often occurs during frequent exhaust gas measurements and leads to measurement interruptions until maintenance is conducted. To achieve this, a preparatory unit that extends the operational duration of the measurement system between maintenance intervals while preserving measurement accuracy was developed based on actual exhaust gas experiments. The preparatory unit comprises a condensate drainage system, cooling fan, HEPA filter, membrane pump, and interconnecting pipelines to prevent moisture and larger particle deposition, ensuring uninterrupted and accurate exhaust gas measurements. The research findings underscore the significance of reliable and precise exhaust gas emission measurements, contributing to advancements in particle counting technology and facilitating compliance with emissions regulations in various scientific and industrial applications. This study provides an objective representation of the proposed preparatory unit’s effectiveness in mitigating particle contamination with only 1.9% measurement variance, offering promising implications for the improvement of exhaust gas analysis methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Exhaust and Non-exhaust Emissions)
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22 pages, 718 KiB  
Article
Influence of Load Condition, Tire Type, and Ambient Temperature on the Emission of Tire–Road Particulate Matter
by Stefan Schläfle, Hans-Joachim Unrau and Frank Gauterin
Atmosphere 2023, 14(7), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14071095 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2043
Abstract
This study focuses on particulate matter emissions from tire–road contact and their investigation using an internal drum test bench. The test bench is equipped with real-road surfaces and has been upgraded to enable real-time measurements of particulate matter. It was found that the [...] Read more.
This study focuses on particulate matter emissions from tire–road contact and their investigation using an internal drum test bench. The test bench is equipped with real-road surfaces and has been upgraded to enable real-time measurements of particulate matter. It was found that the road surface changes during the tests due to constant rolling over, influencing the level of emissions significantly. To account for this effect, the micro roughness was characterized before, during, and after the tests. Specific emission values consisting of particle mass and number were determined with summer, all-season, and winter tires for different road conditions, as well as specific longitudinal and lateral forces. It turned out that emissions increase disproportionately with load for both force directions. The winter tire led to the highest emissions across all loads, and the summer tire led to the lowest ones. While lateral forces caused emissions many times higher than longitudinal forces for the summer tire, forces in both directions led to comparable emissions for the all-season and winter tires. Regarding the ambient temperature, a lower one seems to be favorable for summer tires and a higher one seems to be favorable for winter tires. Lastly, particle size distributions during different load conditions show a dependence on load, such that larger particles are emitted with increasing load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Exhaust and Non-exhaust Emissions)
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