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Applied Sciences
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New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II
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New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 10764

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Jastrzębska

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Guest Editor
Department of Geotechnics and Roads, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: geotechnics; advanced laboratory and field testing; sustainable geotechnical environmental engineering; weak soils; soil improvement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Krystyna Kazimierowicz-Frankowska

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Guest Editor
Institute of Hydro-Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kościerska 7, 80-328 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: geotechnics; environmental engineering and civil engineering materials and others
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gabriele Chiaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
Interests: earthquake geotechnical engineering and related problems; geo-disaster risk assessment and mitigation; development of advanced laboratory and field-testing devices; sustainable geotechnical engineering; ground improvement techniques; computational geotechnics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jaroslaw Rybak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: geotechnical engineering; civil engineering; piles foundation; deep excavations; soil improvement technologies; reuse of waste material; sustainable geotechnics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Given the great interest of authors and readers in the first volume our Special Issue of Applied Sciences titled “New Frontiers in Sustainable Geotechnics”, we have decided to continue exploring this topic with a second Issue. The new Special Issue will focus on the study of technical problems related to offshore engineering, and is welcoming articles on soil research and design processes carried out at the foundation sites of wind farms and drilling platforms.

Additionally, the thematic scope covers all issues presented in Volume I: (1) The use of alternate, environment-friendly materials in geotechnical constructions like embankments, slopes, and dams, including the reuse of waste materials like rubber waste, fly ash, and natural or artificial fibers for soil improvement and stabilization; (2) innovative and energy-efficient ground improvement techniques; (3) bio-slope engineering; (4) the efficient use of geosysnthetics; (5) retrofitting and reuse of foundations, and foundations for energy extraction (e.g., thermopile); (6) the use of underground space for energy storage; (7) the mining of shallow and deep geothermal energy; (8) making geo-structures reliable and resilient in the case of natural or anthropogenic hazards; (9) design and modeling on the basis of derived geotechnical parameters.

Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Jastrzębska
Dr. Krystyna Kazimierowicz-Frankowska
Dr. Gabriele Chiaro
Dr. Jaroslaw Rybak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soil improvement and stabilization
  • foundations of wind farms
  • offshore geotechnics
  • geosynthetics used as reinforcement in soil structures
  • advanced tests in geotechnical engineering
  • numerical simulations and professional software
  • geothermal energy and foundations
  • reliability and resilience of geo-structures
  • reliability-based design
  • soil liquefaction

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6475 KiB  
Article
Study of the Migrating Mine Gas Piston Effect during Reactivation of Tectonic Faults
by Andrian Batugin, Alexander Kobylkin, Konstantin Kolikov, Alexander Ivannikov, Valeria Musina, Evgeny Khotchenkov, Byambasuren Zunduijamts, Elmira Ertuganova and Daniil Krasnoshtanov
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 12041; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132112041 - 04 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1024
Abstract
The hypothesis of the piston effect during mine gas migration caused by fault reactivation was studied, with the use of computer modeling, to explain cases of a sudden appearance of mine gases on the earth surface in coal mining areas. The study is [...] Read more.
The hypothesis of the piston effect during mine gas migration caused by fault reactivation was studied, with the use of computer modeling, to explain cases of a sudden appearance of mine gases on the earth surface in coal mining areas. The study is based on the factual data of the mode and amplitudes of subsidence along faults during mining, the morphology of the fault planes, and the theoretical ideas about the discrete nature of the fault wall displacement along uneven contact surfaces. It is taken into account that the walls of the fault, due to the asperity types “ridge” and “sag”, form contacts of the “ridge–ridge” and “ridge–sag” patterns. This study examines the situation where gas pressure in the fracture space can sharply increase due to the jerky displacement of reactivated tectonic fault walls with a rough fault plane. It is assumed that, in the first phase of reactivation, the fracture space expands as a result of the displacer opening and the fact that fault plane asperities engage in the “ridge–ridge” type of contact. With the subsequent relative displacement of the fault walls in the second phase of reactivation, the contact changes into the “ridge–sag” type and a sharp reduction in the fracture space volume occurs. It is shown that a “piston effect” emerges due to the reduction in fracture space and that it promotes an increase in gas pressure and stimulates gas movement to the surface through the available channels. The resulting “piston effects” may also be responsible for the suddenly raised gas content recorded in the air of surface structures and recurrent mine gas migration onto the surface. The findings expand our understanding of the sudden gasification of the earth surface and living spaces in coal mining areas and contribute to the understanding of the gas migration process, thereby helping to monitor hazards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II)
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26 pages, 15270 KiB  
Article
The Deformation Law of a Soft-Rock Cavern by Step Excavation in a Pumped Storage Power Station
by Ning Sun, Xiaokai Li, Shanggao Li, Dake Hu, Mengjiao Hu, Faming Zhang, Yiyan Zhong, Menglong Dong and Zinan Li
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8970; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158970 - 04 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 861
Abstract
The surrounding rock stability of large underground caverns in a pumped storage power station is one of the most crucial problems in hydropower project design and construction. In the construction of hydropower projects in Southwest China, many underground soft-rock caverns in are excavated. [...] Read more.
The surrounding rock stability of large underground caverns in a pumped storage power station is one of the most crucial problems in hydropower project design and construction. In the construction of hydropower projects in Southwest China, many underground soft-rock caverns in are excavated. Influenced by the high sidewall, high ground stress, large burial depth, and hydrodynamic pressure action, the deformation of the cavern is special, especially in terms of its soft-rock distribution. At present, most research of underground engineering on soft-rock stability focuses on small-scale tunnel excavations in homogeneous geological conditions, with limited studies on the large-scale excavation of deeply buried underground powerhouses in complex geological structures, featuring extensive soft-rock-layer exposure on the cavern wall. Therefore, it is particularly important to investigate the excavation method of and support measures for soft-rock caverns under complex geological conditions. Based on laboratory rock mechanics testing (petrographic analysis, uniaxial compressive strength tests, shear tests, and triaxial compression creep tests) and the distribution characteristics of the surrounding soft-rock layer of the proposed underground powerhouse, obtained from the survey, we discuss the excavation and support measurements. These include the influence of support measures on the deformation of the underground excavated cavern considering the inclination of rock layers, the impact of the excavation under supported conditions on the deformation of the underground cavern, and the correlation between the lining thickness and stress variation within the lining. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II)
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27 pages, 12328 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Modeling of the Soil-Nailing Process in Nailed-Soil Slopes
by Mahmoud H. Mohamed, Mohd Ahmed, Javed Mallick and Saeed AlQadhi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2139; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042139 - 07 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
The finite element technique has been accepted as a tool for modeling geotechnical complex processes. In this study, finite element (FE) modeling of various stages of the soil-nailing process, i.e., construction stages and overburden pressure stages, is carried out considering different soil parameters, [...] Read more.
The finite element technique has been accepted as a tool for modeling geotechnical complex processes. In this study, finite element (FE) modeling of various stages of the soil-nailing process, i.e., construction stages and overburden pressure stages, is carried out considering different soil parameters, simulating with in-house developed laboratory models. The soil-nailing process built in laboratory models is idealized as a plain strain problem and modeled in PLAXIS software. The laboratory models of the soil-nailing process consist of a Perspex sheet box containing a sandy soil slope, a Perspex sheet facing, steel bars as reinforcement and a steel plate as foundation. The stress–strain relationship of the sand is represented by a Hardening-Soil model. The interface at the soil and nail is described by the Coulomb friction model. The behavior of the soil-nailing process, during the construction stage and under varying overburden pressure and varying soil density, are investigated in terms of displacements of slope and stress conditions in slope soil mass. The slope displacements and stress conditions in slope soil mass are all well presented by the FE modeling and compared with laboratory model test data. The sensitivity analysis of the laboratory models’ dimensions is carried out by three-dimensional modeling of the nailed-soil slope. It can be concluded that the developed finite element model has the potential to simulate the performance of a field nailed-soil slope during construction and working stages and could provide guidance for the construction/maintenance of soil-nailed cut slopes in granular soils/weathered rocks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II)
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13 pages, 2046 KiB  
Communication
Rankine Active Earth Pressure of Unsaturated Filling under Earthquake
by Wei Fang, Hongyu Shen, Wan Li and Yiwei Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031398 - 20 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1366
Abstract
The pseudo-static method was adopted to expand the application field of classical Rankine soil pressure theory to the circumstance of infinite inclined backfill acting on the retaining wall under earthquakes. The calculation formula of the active earth pressure for unsaturated soil was deduced [...] Read more.
The pseudo-static method was adopted to expand the application field of classical Rankine soil pressure theory to the circumstance of infinite inclined backfill acting on the retaining wall under earthquakes. The calculation formula of the active earth pressure for unsaturated soil was deduced by combining the shear strength model of unsaturated soil and the unified strength theory. The effects of matric suction, matric-suction-related friction angle and seismic coefficients on the intensity distribution of Rankine active earth pressure were evaluated, and the resultant action position was discussed. This research shows that rising seismic coefficients lead to a growth of the active earth pressure and an upward movement of the resultant action point; on the other hand, an increasing matric suction and its related friction angle causes a reduction of the active earth pressure and a downward movement of the resultant action. Examples indicate that the suggested formulas in this paper are in good agreement with those of the previous literature subjected to certain conditions. However, compared to the classic Rankine theory, the proposed method extends its application range by considering earthquake, unsaturated soil, inclined rough wall back, non-horizontal backfill surface, and the intermediate principal stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II)
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13 pages, 2932 KiB  
Article
Effects of Xanthan Gum Biopolymer on Soil Mechanical Properties
by Pouyan Bagheri, Ivan Gratchev and Maksym Rybachuk
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020887 - 09 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2975
Abstract
The necessary application of sustainable engineering methodologies has been increasing as the number of environmental hazards caused by global warming is on the rise. Cement as a traditional common additive for soil improvement has several negative impacts on the environment. This led to [...] Read more.
The necessary application of sustainable engineering methodologies has been increasing as the number of environmental hazards caused by global warming is on the rise. Cement as a traditional common additive for soil improvement has several negative impacts on the environment. This led to an urge for alternative sustainable solutions. The use of biopolymers as environmentally friendly materials is one of the potential options. This study aims to investigate the effect of xanthan gum biopolymer as a sustainable solution for soil properties enhancement. The Atterberg limits, unconfined compression, CU and UU triaxial tests were performed to examine the effect of xanthan gum on the soil strength and plasticity. Additionally, the durability of biopolymer-treated and untreated soils under wetting and drying cycles and moisture susceptibility were assessed. The results showed that the compressive strength of soil increased by increasing the xanthan gum concentration and curing time and reached its peak value after a specific curing time. The addition of xanthan gum resulted in significant improvement in soil cohesion and caused a reduction in the internal friction angle of the soil. While increasing the number of wetting/drying cycles decreased the soil strength, the biopolymer-treated soil exhibited higher soil strength than the untreated soil. This study provides valuable experiences in the use of xanthan gum biopolymer in practical engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II)
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13 pages, 6379 KiB  
Article
Pavement Structure Characteristics and Behaviour Analysis with Digital Image Correlation
by Ivana Barišić, Tihomir Dokšanović and Matija Zvonarić
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010664 - 03 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1401
Abstract
Digital image correlation (DIC) is a method of point displacement measurement by an optical system. If two cameras are used for capturing the same point displacement, three-dimensional data are obtained using the 3D-DIC method. The areas of application of this method in pavement [...] Read more.
Digital image correlation (DIC) is a method of point displacement measurement by an optical system. If two cameras are used for capturing the same point displacement, three-dimensional data are obtained using the 3D-DIC method. The areas of application of this method in pavement construction are diverse, but it is mainly used for displacement monitoring during standard tests of the failure of specimens due to load application. Furthermore, DIC technology was used only for testing particular material characteristics and assuming their influence on the overall pavement system. Within this research, DIC was applied in two areas: defining material mechanical characteristics and analyses of pavement structure behaviour under cyclic loading. The scope of this research was to gain more insights into DIC’s potential application within pavement behaviour analyses, specifically on cement-bound granular material (CBGM) characterisation. Results from this study confirm the suitability of 3D-DIC technology for pavement material characterisation. Furthermore, it is shown that certain trends of material behaviour defined on the simple material level of each independent pavement layer will significantly differ when it is placed in the system, and this kind of complex analysis is possible by using 3D-DIC technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Sustainable Geotechnics—Volume II)
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