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Applied Sciences
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Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II
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Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 11802

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kyriakos E. Zoiros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lightwave Communications Research Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Interests: SOA devices; circuits and subsystems; applications of microring resonators in optical communications; microwave photonics; free-space optical communications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since their emergence as laboratory prototypes in the 1980s, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have progressed and matured to the point that they have become indispensable modules for the development and implementation of optical communications circuits, systems and networks. Owing to the combination of unique characteristics—such as high and broadband gain, wavelength agility, versatile operating mode, low power supply needs, rapid response to fast excitations, ability to cope with different types of data signals, modulation formats and multiplexing techniques, adjustable active medium material composition and structure, compact size, potential for integration at chip level, flexibility of penetration to lower scale circuits, off-the-shelf single and arrayed packaging availability, and compatibility with different fabrication platforms and affordable cost—SOAs play a catalytic role in the realization of wide range of applications, which exploit SOAs proven capability to function either as linear or nonlinear elements with high performance. Concurrently, many theoretical treatments on SOAs have been conducted with the ultimate goal of understanding the physical concepts and properties of SOAs, predicting their behavior, aiding their design, and optimizing their working conditions according to the requirements of each application. Given SOAs’ established significance as a key enabling technology, as well as the intense and unceasing research and industrial interest in this cutting-edge field, this Special Issue, which follows-up from the previous issue (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci/special_issues/optical_amplifiers), will present new investigations, original results, novel solutions, breakthrough advances, technological implications and thorough conclusions, on one hand, and modern trends, open challenges and future prospects, on the other hand, supporting the long-term applicability of SOAs while at the same time constituting a reference point providing information, motivation and guidance for further efforts and innovations. Potential applications that fall within the framework of the current Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Direct signal amplification
  • External modulation
  • Optical pulse generation and manipulation
  • All-optical signal processing
  • All-optical computing
  • All-optical combinational and sequential logic circuits
  • Long-haul metro and access optical networks
  • Converged telecommunications networks
  • Radio-over-fiber systems
  • Microwave photonics
  • Optical switching
  • Optical interconnects
  • Optical multiplexing
  • Optical access techniques
  • Slow and fast light
  • Optical test and measurement techniques
  • Photonic integrated circuits
  • Coherent lightwave systems
  • Digital back-propagation
  • Wideband signal transmission
  • Theoretical description and numerical modeling
  • Special active waveguide structures
  • Neuromorphic computing and engineering

Assoc. Prof. Kyriakos E. Zoiros
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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8 pages, 1376 KiB  
Article
All-Optical Non-Inverted Parity Generator and Checker Based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
by Bingchen Han, Junyu Xu, Pengfei Chen, Rongrong Guo, Yuanqi Gu, Yu Ning and Yi Liu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041499 - 07 Feb 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
An all-optical non-inverted parity generator and checker based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are proposed with four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) non-linear effects. A 2-bit parity generator and checker using by exclusive NOR (XNOR) and exclusive OR (XOR) gates are implemented [...] Read more.
An all-optical non-inverted parity generator and checker based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are proposed with four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) non-linear effects. A 2-bit parity generator and checker using by exclusive NOR (XNOR) and exclusive OR (XOR) gates are implemented by first SOA and second SOA with 10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) code, respectively. The parity and check bits are provided by adjusting the center wavelength of the tunable optical bandpass filter (TOBPF). A saturable absorber (SA) is used to reduce the negative effect of small signal clock (Clk) probe light to improve extinction ratio (ER) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). For Pe and Ce (even parity bit and even check bit) without Clk probe light, ER and OSNR still maintain good performance because of the amplified effect of SOA. For Po (odd parity bit), ER and OSNR are improved to 1 dB difference for the original value. For Co (odd check bit), ER is deteriorated by 4 dB without SA, while OSNR is deteriorated by 12 dB. ER and OSNR are improved by about 2 dB for the original value with the SA. This design has the advantages of simple structure and great integration capability and low cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II)
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11 pages, 2120 KiB  
Article
Investigation of 2D-WH/TS OCDMA Code Stability in Systems with SOA-Based Device
by Mohamed Abuhelala, Umair A. Korai, Anderson L. Sanches, Wing C. Kwong and Ivan Glesk
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(21), 7943; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217943 - 09 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1736
Abstract
This paper investigates for the first time how the implementation of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based devices in photonic networks can negatively impact the integrity of two-dimensional wavelength-hopping time-spreading (2D-WH/TS) optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) codes based on multi-wavelength picosecond code carriers. It is [...] Read more.
This paper investigates for the first time how the implementation of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based devices in photonic networks can negatively impact the integrity of two-dimensional wavelength-hopping time-spreading (2D-WH/TS) optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) codes based on multi-wavelength picosecond code carriers. It is demonstrated and confirmed by simulations that the influence of an SOA under driving currents of 50 mA to 250 mA causes a 0.08 to 0.8 nm multi-wavelength picosecond code carriers’ wavelength redshift. The results obtained are then used to calculate the degradation of OCDMA system performance in terms of the probability of error Pe and the decrease in the number of simultaneous users. It is shown that, when the SOA-induced 0.8 nm code carriers redshift becomes equal to the code carries wavelength channel spacing, the (8,53)-OCDMA system performs only as a (7,53)-OCDMA system, and the number of simultaneous users drops from 14 to 10 or 84 to 74 with the forward error correction (FEC) Pe of 10−9, respectively. The impact of the 0.8 nm redshift is then shown on a (4,53)-OCDMA system, where it causes a drop in the number of simultaneous users from 4 to 3 or 37 to 24 with the FEC Pe of 10−9, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II)
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16 pages, 22485 KiB  
Article
Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Direct Modulation Capability Enhancement Using Birefringent Fiber Loop
by Zoe V. Rizou, Kyriakos E. Zoiros, Thierry Rampone and Ammar Sharaiha
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5328; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155328 - 01 Aug 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2893
Abstract
The feasibility of employing a birefringent fiber loop to enhance the performance of a directly modulated reflective semiconductor optical amplifier is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The birefringent fiber loop acts as an optical filter of opposite slope than that of the [...] Read more.
The feasibility of employing a birefringent fiber loop to enhance the performance of a directly modulated reflective semiconductor optical amplifier is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The birefringent fiber loop acts as an optical filter of opposite slope than that of the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier electro-optical response and counteracts the finite reflective semiconductor optical amplifier modulation bandwidth of only 0.89 GHz. By proper adjustment of its detuning, the birefringent fiber loop tailors the spectral components that physically manifest due to the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier dynamic perturbation subject to direct modulation in the saturated gain regime, and suppresses the pattern-dependent distortions in the time domain. In this manner, the birefringent fiber loop manages to significantly improve the quality characteristics of the encoded signal at higher data rates than those enabled by the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier limited modulation capability. Owing to the birefringent fiber loop, the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier modulation range is extended to 4 Gb/s at the raw bit error rate of 1.0×10−9, and to 11 Gb/s at the forward error correction limit of 3.8×10−3. These results, which are unique against the evaluation criterion adopted in the first case, and the modulation speed achieved with post-filtering schemes in the second, highlight the beneficial role that the birefringent fiber loop can play in supporting reflective semiconductor optical amplifier operation for intensity amplification and modulation purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II)
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11 pages, 1660 KiB  
Article
Patent Analysis of the Critical Technology Network of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
by Shu-Hao Chang
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(4), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041552 - 24 Feb 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2894
Abstract
With the development of 5G, mobile communication, and optical communication technologies, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have become an important research topic. However, most SOA-related studies have focused on a technical discussion or market research but have failed to indicate the critical SOA technologies [...] Read more.
With the development of 5G, mobile communication, and optical communication technologies, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have become an important research topic. However, most SOA-related studies have focused on a technical discussion or market research but have failed to indicate the critical SOA technologies and the SOA technology development trends. Therefore, this study analyzes SOA patents and constructs a technology network for SOA patents. The results indicate that the critical SOA technologies are mainly used in lasers, semiconductor lasers, light guides, electromagnetic wave transmission communication other than radio-wave communication, and devices controlling light sources. Among the five critical SOA technologies, lasers (H01S3) account for the highest percentage at 22.21%. Consequently, the critical technologies do not focus on specific technology fields but have characteristics of multiple technology fields. In addition, considerable development has occurred in semiconductor lasers in recent years. Finally, patentee analysis indicates that for SOA technologies, the public sector and academia play relatively weak roles in early technology development or following technology development. However, with the rapid development of mobile communication and optical communication, the government of each country can consider investing additional R&D funds and resources in the future. This study constructs a network model for patent technologies to explore the development tendencies for SOA technologies. This model can be used as a reference for R&D resource management and the promotion of new technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II)
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14 pages, 1113 KiB  
Article
Average Error Probability of an Optically Pre-Amplified Pulse-Position Modulation Multichannel Receiver under Malaga-ℳ Fading
by Konstantinos Yiannopoulos, Nikos C. Sagias and Anthony C. Boucouvalas
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031141 - 07 Feb 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
We present analytical results on the average probability of error (PER) performance of an optically pre-amplified pulse-position modulation (PPM) receiver under Malaga- M fading. The results are in the form of a finite sum whose number of terms depends on the PPM modulation [...] Read more.
We present analytical results on the average probability of error (PER) performance of an optically pre-amplified pulse-position modulation (PPM) receiver under Malaga- M fading. The results are in the form of a finite sum whose number of terms depends on the PPM modulation order and the noise modes of the amplifier, enabling the efficient calculation of the average PER. In addition, we utilized the presented analysis to evaluate the performance of a equal-gain-combining (EGC) diversity receiver that operates in conjunction with optical amplification and PPM. The results show that the utilization of diverse and relatively low PPM orders achieves a drastic reduction in the average PER. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers II)
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