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Applied Sciences
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Metal Plasticity at High Strain Rate
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Metal Plasticity at High Strain Rate

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2022) | Viewed by 8144

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marco Sasso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: hopkinson bar; high strain rate; inverse methods; DIC; viscoelasticity; hyperelasticity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The behaviour of materials at high strain rate is an important topic in many engineering fields, from crashworthiness in transportation and packaging to defense applications, from personal protections in outdoor and sport activities to high rate manufacturing processes, from civil structures subjected to blast loads to nuclear reactor containment shells.

It is known that materials deformed at high rate show, more often than not, significant variations in their mechanical behaviour in terms of strength, ductility, necking or shear band formation, damage; temperature effect is also at play.

While the dynamic properties of materials have been studied for many decades, not to say a century, the latest advances in experimental and numerical methods allow for further insights into the underlying phenomena involved in high-speed events.

For these reasons, I would like to invite you to submit your research to the present Special Issue on “Metal Plasticity at High Strain Rate,” which is devoted to the plasticity and large deformations of metals at high strain rate, correlation with microstructure, constitutive modelling, experimental and numerical methods, simulation of fast events, damage evolution and fracture. Papers focusing on metallic foams and additively manufactured materials are encouraged as well.

Prof. Dr. Marco Sasso
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • High strain rate
  • Metals
  • Plasticity
  • Damage
  • Hopkinson Bar
  • Dynamic testing
  • Constitutive Modeling
  • Finite Element Analysis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 6717 KiB  
Article
Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on the Ductility of an API X65 Grade Steel
by Gabriele Cortis, Filippo Nalli, Marco Sasso, Luca Cortese and Edoardo Mancini
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2444; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052444 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1687
Abstract
In the last few decades, great effort has been spent on advanced material testing and the development of damage models intended to estimate the ductility and fracture of ductile metals. While most studies focused on static testing are applied at room temperatures only, [...] Read more.
In the last few decades, great effort has been spent on advanced material testing and the development of damage models intended to estimate the ductility and fracture of ductile metals. While most studies focused on static testing are applied at room temperatures only, in this paper, multiaxial tests have been executed to investigate the effects of dynamic action and temperature on the mechanical and fracture behavior of an API X65 steel. To this end, a Split Hopkinson Bar (SHB) facility for dynamic tests, and a uniaxial testing machine equipped with a high-temperature furnace, were used. Numerical simulations of the experiments were setup for calibration and validation purposes. Based on the experimental results, the Johnson–Cook and Zerilli–Armstrong plasticity models were first tuned, resulting in a good experimental–numerical match. Secondly, the triaxiality and Lode angle dependent damage models proposed by Bai–Wierzbicki and Coppola–Cortese were also calibrated. The comparison of the fracture surfaces predicted by the damage models under different loading conditions showed, as expected, an overall significant increase in ductility with temperature; an appreciable increase in ductility was also observed with the increase in strain rate, in the range of low and moderate triaxialities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Plasticity at High Strain Rate)
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16 pages, 6553 KiB  
Article
Local Temperature Development in the Fracture Zone during Uniaxial Tensile Testing at High Strain Rate: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
by Elmar Galiev, Sven Winter, Franz Reuther, Verena Psyk, Marc Tulke, Alexander Brosius and Verena Kräusel
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052299 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1183
Abstract
The quality of simulation results significantly depends on the accuracy of the material model and parameters. In high strain rate forming processes such as, e.g., electromagnetic forming or adiabatic blanking, two superposing and opposing effects influence the flow stress of the material: strain [...] Read more.
The quality of simulation results significantly depends on the accuracy of the material model and parameters. In high strain rate forming processes such as, e.g., electromagnetic forming or adiabatic blanking, two superposing and opposing effects influence the flow stress of the material: strain rate hardening and thermal softening due to adiabatic heating. The presented work contributes to understanding these influences better by quantifying the adiabatic heating of the workpiece during deformation and failure under high-speed loading. For this purpose, uniaxial tensile tests at different high strain rates are analyzed experimentally and numerically. A special focus of the analysis of the tensile test was put on identifying a characteristic time- and position-dependent strain rate. In the experiments, in addition to the measurement of the force and elongation, the temperature in the fracture region is recorded using a thermal camera and a pyrometer for higher strain rates. Simulations are carried out in LS-Dyna using the GISSMO model as a damage and failure model. Both experimental and simulated results showed good agreement regarding the time-dependent force-displacement curve and the maximum occurring temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Plasticity at High Strain Rate)
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26 pages, 15262 KiB  
Article
High Strain Rate Properties of Various Forms of Ti6Al4V(ELI) Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering
by Amos Muiruri, Maina Maringa and Willie du Preez
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 8005; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178005 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1775
Abstract
For analysis of engineering structural materials to withstand harsh environmental conditions, accurate knowledge of properties such as flow stress and failure over conditions of high strain rate and temperature plays an essential role. Such properties of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V(ELI) are not adequately studied. [...] Read more.
For analysis of engineering structural materials to withstand harsh environmental conditions, accurate knowledge of properties such as flow stress and failure over conditions of high strain rate and temperature plays an essential role. Such properties of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V(ELI) are not adequately studied. This paper documents an investigation of the high strain rate and temperature properties of different forms of heat-treated Ti6Al4V(ELI) samples produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The microstructure and texture of the heat-treated samples were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) equipment was used to carry out tests at strain rates of 750, 1500 and 2450 s−1, and temperatures of 25, 200 and 500 °C. The heat-treated samples of DMLS Ti6Al4V(ELI) alloys tested here were found to be sensitive to strain rate and temperature. At most strain rates and temperatures, the samples with finer microstructure exhibited higher dynamic strength and lower strain, while the dynamic strength and strain were lower and higher, respectively, for samples with coarse microstructure. The cut surfaces of the samples tested were characterised by a network of well-formed adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) with cracks propagating along them. The thickness of these ASBs varied with the strain rate, temperature, and various alloy forms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Plasticity at High Strain Rate)
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17 pages, 9610 KiB  
Article
Plastic Behavior of Laser-Deposited Inconel 718 Superalloy at High Strain Rate and Temperature
by Lorenzo Peroni and Martina Scapin
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7765; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167765 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2384
Abstract
Nickel-based superalloys have several applications for components exposed to high temperatures and high strain rate loading conditions during services. The objective of this study was to investigate the tensile properties of Inconel 718 produced using the laser metal deposition technique. Specimens with different [...] Read more.
Nickel-based superalloys have several applications for components exposed to high temperatures and high strain rate loading conditions during services. The objective of this study was to investigate the tensile properties of Inconel 718 produced using the laser metal deposition technique. Specimens with different heat treatments were investigated. Experimental tests were performed at the DYNLab at Politecnico di Torino (Italy). The temperature sensitivity was investigated between 20 °C and 1000 °C on a Hopkinson bar setup at a nominal strain rate of 1500 s−1. The specimens heating was obtained by means of an induction heating system, and the temperature control was performed by thermocouples, an infrared pyrometer, and a high-speed infrared camera. The thermal images were analyzed to check the uniformity of the heating and to investigate the presence of adiabatic self-heating. The results showed that the materials strength exhibited a significant drop starting from 800 °C. The strain rate influence was investigated at room temperature, and limited sensitivity was found covering six orders of magnitude in the strain rate. A preliminary analysis of the fracture mode was performed. Finally, different solutions for the strength material modeling were proposed and discussed with the aim of identifying models to be used in finite element simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Plasticity at High Strain Rate)
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