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Applied Sciences
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Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles
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Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Robotics and Automation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 10145

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jingyang Fang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: power electronics; power systems; digital control; energy storage; renewable energies; stability and power quality of grid-tied power converters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles produce significantly lower noises and greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles. Apart from these, vehicles powered through electricity feature performance and efficiency improvements. To this end, there is an ongoing trend of electric propulsion in the replacement of engine propulsion. However, high-efficiency charging and management of battery storage challenge global engineers and experts. In parallel, smart control of charging and/or even discharging will greatly facilitate grid operators and thus enable large coordination of electric vehicles. This Special Issue focuses on the recent developments in electric vehicles, particularly related to power and energy. It aims to lay a foundation for the further development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles in future renewable-dominated power systems. The topics of presentations and research papers include, but are not limited to:

  • Power architectures of electric drivetrain;
  • Multilevel converters in electric vehicles;
  • Battery state-of-charge (SOC)/-health (SOH) estimation;
  • Battery management systems;
  • Wireless power chargers;
  • Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services;
  • Optimization and coordination of charging for multiple vehicles;
  • Autonomous driving systems and enabling components.

Prof. Dr. Jingyang Fang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2802 KiB  
Article
A Case of Interdisciplinary Fusion under Dual Carbon Goal: Coordinated Carbon Reduction with Greenhouse Photovoltaics and Electric Vehicles
by Juai Wu, Shiyang Deng, Yuanmeng Zhu, Yun Liu, Yang Andrew Wu, Rong Fu and Sipeng Hao
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2410; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042410 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1133
Abstract
Building a new type of power system is an important guarantee to support China’s “dual carbon” goal. Due to the inseparable relationship between industrial and agricultural production and electric energy utilization, there must be interdisciplinary integration to achieve the goal of “dual carbon”. [...] Read more.
Building a new type of power system is an important guarantee to support China’s “dual carbon” goal. Due to the inseparable relationship between industrial and agricultural production and electric energy utilization, there must be interdisciplinary integration to achieve the goal of “dual carbon”. The disciplines of horticulture and electric power are taken as examples in this paper to analyze the feasibility of carbon emission reduction through coordinating agricultural photovoltaic (PV) greenhouse and electric vehicle (EV) energy storage. Firstly, the mechanism of carbon emission difference caused by electric energy supplementing during EV charging is analyzed. Secondly, in the context of the contradiction between the reduction of battery life caused by discharging (increasing carbon emission) and the increase in PV output consumption by orderly charging and discharging (reducing carbon emission), an optimization model for the synergistic operation of EV clusters and greenhouse PVs (with the objective of minimizing carbon emissions) is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through simulation cases. The energy storage characteristics of EVs is capable of realizing the transfer of PV power generation in the time dimension, and the coordinated operation of greenhouse PVs and EVs’ charging and discharging can effectively reduce carbon emission during the EV operation period. In a typical summer scenario of PV output, the carbon emission of EVs in V2G (vehicle to grid) mode was reduced by 69.13% compared to disorderly charging. It is shown that the adequacy of PV generation and the orderly dispatching of the charging and discharging of EVs are the key factors in reducing carbon emission throughout the life cycle of EVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles)
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10 pages, 1350 KiB  
Article
A Preliminary Feasibility Study of Electric Taxi Promotion in Hong Kong—Behavior Modelling of Driving Patterns and Preferences
by Yang Andrew Wu, Yui-Yip Lau, Lok Man Wong and Juai Wu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1491; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031491 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2244
Abstract
In 2013, the first electric taxis were launched in Hong Kong. In 2021, the HKSAR government announced that no new registration of fuel-propelled private cars, including hybrid vehicles, will be granted by the year 2035. Local public policies have shown a breakthrough milestone [...] Read more.
In 2013, the first electric taxis were launched in Hong Kong. In 2021, the HKSAR government announced that no new registration of fuel-propelled private cars, including hybrid vehicles, will be granted by the year 2035. Local public policies have shown a breakthrough milestone in the passenger transport sector and fostered the development of a smart city in Hong Kong as an international metropolis. This paper aims to study the feasibility of gradually introducing electric vehicles (EVs) in the Hong Kong taxi industry in the next decade. In particular, taxi license owners’ intentions of purchasing electric vehicles for operational use and the driving behavior of taxi drivers in Hong Kong are investigated. Multiagent modelling with an integrated behavioral model is then adopted to analyze the survey data collected from 250 taxi drivers in Hong Kong, followed by interviews with industrial experts. The implications for future public policies are then discussed. To achieve emission reduction, the paper suggests a gradual, step-by-step promotion and transfer from conventional taxis to electric taxis in Hong Kong, with consideration of various factors and the interests of different stakeholders in the community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles)
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8 pages, 1907 KiB  
Article
Design of a Single-Stage Transformerless Buck–Boost Inverter for Electric Vehicle Chargers
by Lixia Wang, Chenming Liu and Jingyang Fang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6705; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136705 - 01 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1664
Abstract
This paper details the design and implementation of a single-stage transformerless buck–boost inverter for electric vehicle (EV) chargers. Being different from conventional H-bridge inverters, the proposed inverter operates like buck–boost dc/dc converters instead of buck dc/dc converters. As a consequence, the advantages of [...] Read more.
This paper details the design and implementation of a single-stage transformerless buck–boost inverter for electric vehicle (EV) chargers. Being different from conventional H-bridge inverters, the proposed inverter operates like buck–boost dc/dc converters instead of buck dc/dc converters. As a consequence, the advantages of a buck–boost dc/dc converter, i.e., the arbitrary relationships between its input voltage and output voltage, are still applicable to the proposed inverter. Specifically, it remains in normal operation even when the peak ac output voltage is higher than the dc-link voltage. Simulation results are finally presented to illustrate its effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles)
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19 pages, 892 KiB  
Article
Induction Machine-Based EV Vector Control Model Using Mamdani Fuzzy Logic Controller
by Humayun Salahuddin, Kashif Imdad, Muhammad Umar Chaudhry, Dmitry Nazarenko, Vadim Bolshev and Muhammad Yasir
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4647; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094647 - 05 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1874
Abstract
The substantial rise in the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has emphasized an environment-friendly and intelligent design for speed control strategies. In this paper, a Mamdani fuzzy logic controller (MFLC) was proposed to vigorously control the speed of EVs at discrete levels. MFLC [...] Read more.
The substantial rise in the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has emphasized an environment-friendly and intelligent design for speed control strategies. In this paper, a Mamdani fuzzy logic controller (MFLC) was proposed to vigorously control the speed of EVs at discrete levels. MFLC member functions (MFs) are tuned for EVs operating at three different speed modes (40, 60, and 80 km/h). The proposed speed controller operation for the speed tracking of EVs was designed and tested in MATLAB (Simulink) environment. The proposed speed controller validated a remarkable improvement in dynamic speed control compared with existing P-I, FLC, Fuzzy FOPID (ACO), Fuzzy FOPID (GA), and Fuzzy FOPID (PSO) controllers. Its stability under a user-defined drive pattern is also observed. In this proposed work, the speed controller highlights the better tracking of user-defined speed response compared to the conventional aforementioned controllers. Moreover, the speed tracking of the designed model was tested for robustness against speed transients at predefined time instants, respectively. The comparison suggests that the MFLC model removes overshoot and significantly reduces the steady-state time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles)
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17 pages, 13711 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Design of Inertia for Grid-Tied Electric Vehicle Chargers Operating as Virtual Synchronous Machines
by Chenming Liu and Jingyang Fang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 2194; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042194 - 19 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1954
Abstract
Renewable energy resources (RES), e.g., solar photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, and electric vehicles (EVs) are extensively integrated into modern power electronics-based power systems due to their sustainable and environmentally friendly features. This has gradually reshaped the frequency regulation structure of power systems. Specifically, [...] Read more.
Renewable energy resources (RES), e.g., solar photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, and electric vehicles (EVs) are extensively integrated into modern power electronics-based power systems due to their sustainable and environmentally friendly features. This has gradually reshaped the frequency regulation structure of power systems. Specifically, the duty of frequency regulation, previously supported by synchronous generators, will be taken over by grid-tied power converters (such as EV chargers), which can be controlled as virtual synchronous machines (VSMs) to mimic the inertial response of synchronous generators. However, being different from synchronous generators, VSMs enable fast frequency regulation. As a consequence, it is identified in this paper that the elimination of frequency oscillations is possible. Therefore, instead of simply increasing inertia for oscillations suppression, the desirable inertia coefficient can be different for various cases. In order to illustrate this point, relationships between several important performance indices, such as the rate-of-change-of-frequency, frequency nadir, overshoot, settling time, and inertia coefficient, are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a straightforward method for designing the optimal inertia coefficient for VSMs is put forward. Finally, experiment results obtained from a 1-kW three-phase VSM prototype are demonstrated to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis and proposed design method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles)
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