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Applied Sciences
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Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy: Modeling, Simulation and Applications
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Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy: Modeling, Simulation and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2024 | Viewed by 4968

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rongquan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
Interests: wave energy; hydrodynamics; wave–structural interaction; wave loads; marine renewable energy utilization; numerical simulation and analysis; model test
Dr. Yingyi Liu

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Interests: offshore hydrodynamics; wave–structure interaction; offshore floating wind; wave-induced loads; wind-induced loads; seakeeping; mooring analysis; wave energy arrays; numerical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Robert Mayon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
Interests: wave energy; computational fluid dynamics; fluid–structure interactions; wave modeling; coastal engineering; hydrodynamics; porous flows; experimental testing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Renewable energies, such as wind and wave energy, can be regarded as a replacement or supplementary resource to offset the demand for carbon-based fuels for power generation. Offshore wind and wave energy technologies have been developed rapidly in recent decades. Nevertheless, the development of these technologies is facing substantial technical challenges. Important aspects such as efficiency, reliability, survivability, and uninterrupted operation of wind–wave energy converter systems and their interconnection with future power grids should be improved to advance the commercialization of these renewable energies. Furthermore, the integration of wave energy converter devices with offshore wind turbines is a developing field showing considerable potential as a novel hybrid technology for exploiting multisource renewable energies. 

We sincerely invite original manuscripts presenting recent advances in this critical research sector with particular focus on, but not limited to modeling, simulation, and applications of offshore wind turbines, wave energy devices, wind–wave hybrid converters, and all related topics, such as hydrodynamics, motion response, survivability; aerodynamics, structural optimization, turbine design, wind farms, wave farms, etc., in the form of technical or review articles.

Dr. Rongquan Wang
Dr. Yingyi Liu
Dr. Robert Mayon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • offshore wind turbines (floating/bottom-fixed)
  • wave energy
  • wave–wind energy converter
  • numerical simulation
  • experimental testing
  • hydrodynamic modeling
  • aerodynamic modeling
  • integrated responses
  • safety and survivability
  • structural optimization

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 12116 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Buoy Shape for Wave Energy Converter Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm
by Wei Ge, Shui Ji, Yeqing Jin, Shijie He, Hailong Chen and Hengxu Liu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1889; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051889 - 25 Feb 2024
Viewed by 852
Abstract
In order to improve the wave energy capture rate of the buoy of a wave energy generation device, this paper proposes a multi-degree of freedom method to optimize the shape of the buoy with maximum wave energy capture. Firstly, a multi-degree of freedom [...] Read more.
In order to improve the wave energy capture rate of the buoy of a wave energy generation device, this paper proposes a multi-degree of freedom method to optimize the shape of the buoy with maximum wave energy capture. Firstly, a multi-degree of freedom wave energy converter was designed, and the buoy shape was defined using a B-spline curve to generate the shape vector; then, a numerical model of the multi-degree of freedom wave energy converter was established and numerical calculations were carried out using AQWA/WEC-Sim software; on this basis, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was introduced to find the buoy shape corresponding to the maximum wave energy capture. Finally, the optimization of the buoy shape was in irregular waves. The results show that as the wave energy capture increased, the buoy shape tended to be flatter, with a smaller taper, and the optimal buoy shape had a better motion response than the conventional cone buoy. Eventually, the correctness of the buoy shape optimization method was verified through experimental testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy: Modeling, Simulation and Applications)
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18 pages, 5926 KiB  
Article
Lateral Ultimate Capacity of Monopile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines: Effects of Monopile Geometry and Soil Stiffness Properties
by Yazeed A. Alsharedah, Timothy Newson, M. Hesham El Naggar and Jonathan A. Black
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12269; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212269 - 13 Nov 2023
Viewed by 963
Abstract
Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) with increasingly higher energy output are being developed to meet energy demands, posing greater challenges for their foundation design. Several foundation types are used to support these turbines, with monopiles (MPs) accounting for 80% of the installed capacity. In [...] Read more.
Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) with increasingly higher energy output are being developed to meet energy demands, posing greater challenges for their foundation design. Several foundation types are used to support these turbines, with monopiles (MPs) accounting for 80% of the installed capacity. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element models (FEM) were employed to investigate the behaviour of a monopile foundation supporting a 5MW wind turbine subjected to lateral loading. The results indicate that the MP behaviour depends on the pile length to diameter (L/D) ratio and the soil shear strength. Inspection of the bending-moment profiles at the lateral ultimate capacity indicated that the monopiles can behave in a flexible manner, even with low L/D ratios. The L/D ratio affected the MP normalized lateral ultimate capacity to varying degrees, and the biggest effect was for soft clays, amounting to an approximately five-fold increase for L/D values of 3.33 to 13.33. Lesser effects were found for stiff clays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy: Modeling, Simulation and Applications)
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16 pages, 4865 KiB  
Article
Extreme Wave Loading on a Vertical Circular Cylinder
by Shi Liu, Xinran Guo, Yi Yang, Yatao Lu and Lifen Chen
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8784; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158784 - 29 Jul 2023
Viewed by 905
Abstract
Extreme wave loading on a marine structure, consisting of a quasi-static and a dynamically slamming component, often drives the design of such a structure. Their accurate predictions remain challenging tasks. This paper examines the slamming contribution to the force–time histories from a series [...] Read more.
Extreme wave loading on a marine structure, consisting of a quasi-static and a dynamically slamming component, often drives the design of such a structure. Their accurate predictions remain challenging tasks. This paper examines the slamming contribution to the force–time histories from a series of experiments in which the crest of a wave is forced to hit a truncated cylinder suspended from above. A range of inundation levels, representing the breaker heights, are considered. The work also provides insights into nonlinear load characteristics on a vertical truncated cylinder. A simple analytical model based on the Newtonian momentum analysis is extended to describe the scaling of the horizontal peak force with the inundation level, i.e., the relationship between the wave slamming loads and the breaker height. More specially, it is found that the peak horizontal impact force is proportional to the inundation level and the square of the linear wave amplitude. In addition, the horizontal and the vertical impact forces on a truncated cylinder are found to increase with the increasing inundation level, while the effect from the wave steepness is relatively small. Furthermore, the higher-order wave components driving nonlinear (quasi-static) loading on a structure are separated by applying a phase-based separation method assuming a Stokes-like approximation. The separation method is found to work well even for long shallow-water waves that have strong nonlinearities. The results suggested that the relative contribution from the fundamental linear wave and higher-order wave components decreases and increases with the increasing nonlinearity of long waves, respectively, characterized by the Ursell number. Finally, this increase in the higher-order wave components is found to be saturated at large Ursell numbers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy: Modeling, Simulation and Applications)
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22 pages, 3768 KiB  
Article
Numerical Performance of a Buoy-Type Wave Energy Converter with Regular Short Waves
by Carlos Sosa, Ismael Mariño-Tapia, Rodolfo Silva and Rodrigo Patiño
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 5182; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13085182 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1416
Abstract
The numerical performance of a buoy-type wave energy converter (WEC) under regular wave conditions is described in this paper. The open-source computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM® was used to couple a grid for the solid body motion of the WEC, with the [...] Read more.
The numerical performance of a buoy-type wave energy converter (WEC) under regular wave conditions is described in this paper. The open-source computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM® was used to couple a grid for the solid body motion of the WEC, with the grid designed for wave propagation, in order to calculate buoy movement parameters. The buoy has a horizontal, cylindrical structure, with a pivot point for semi-axis rotation. Five buoy-radiuses were analyzed, as this parameter considerably increases the efficiency of the WEC point absorber. To better understand the interaction of the WEC with the waves, the transmission and reflection coefficients were calculated, along with two non-linear parameters: skewness and asymmetry. The results indicate that, with this system, more power can be extracted from shorter waves, T = 4 s, compared to T = 8 s of the same wave height. This implies that a small buoy could be employed at sites with this prevailing wave regime, without a decrease in efficiency and with considerable cost reductions. Finally, this WEC increases the values of wave skewness, which is linked to onshore sediment transport; therefore, if appropriately designed, WEC arrays installed near the coast could also promote onshore sediment transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy: Modeling, Simulation and Applications)
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