Thiol-Based Redox Regulation in Bacterial, Fungal and Plant Spore Biology

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 2111

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Interests: reactive oxygen species; oxidative and metabolic stress response; antioxidant function of coenzyme A; protein CoAlation
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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA
Interests: resistance of bacterial spores to heat and oxidizing agents; the mechanism(s) of spore germination and its heterogeneity; the structure and organization of the inner membrane of spores; identification of genes important for spore germination and resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Spores are unique life forms which are formed in bacteria, algae, fungi and many plants. Some unicellular and multicellular organisms have adopted spore formation as a response to challenging environmental conditions (sporulation) and as a survival process in which vegetative cells differentiate into metabolically inactive spores. Once formed, spores can remain viable in their dormant state for many years and exhibit extreme resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Remarkably, spores can rapidly break dormancy and convert back into actively growing cells when in a suitable environment. Many infectious diseases and intoxications are transmitted by spores, including botulism, tetanus and anthrax. Spore-forming bacteria and fungi are also becoming increasingly important in the areas of probiotics, vaccine technology and microbial biotechnology.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and are involved in various physiological processes. However, excessive production of endogenous ROS, and exposure to exogenous oxidising agents can cause protein overoxidation, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Bacteria, fungi and plants, as well as their spores, have adapted a variety of ways to resist oxidative stresses and damage. This Special Issue intends to highlight the topic of redox regulation in the processes of growth, sporulation and spore germination, and how spores cope with a wide variety of physical and chemical stresses. We invite researchers to contribute research articles and reviews on these and closely related topics.

Prof. Dr. Ivan Gout
Prof. Dr. Peter Setlow
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • redox regulation
  • sporulation
  • resistance to stresses
  • spore germination

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2697 KiB  
Article
8-OxoG-Dependent Regulation of Global Protein Responses Leads to Mutagenesis and Stress Survival in Bacillus subtilis
by Lissett E. Martínez, Gerardo Gómez, Norma Ramírez, Bernardo Franco, Eduardo A. Robleto and Mario Pedraza-Reyes
Antioxidants 2024, 13(3), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030332 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 870
Abstract
The guanine oxidized (GO) system of Bacillus subtilis, composed of the YtkD (MutT), MutM and MutY proteins, counteracts the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the oxidized nucleobase 8-OxoG. Here, we report that in growing B. subtilis cells, the genetic inactivation of GO [...] Read more.
The guanine oxidized (GO) system of Bacillus subtilis, composed of the YtkD (MutT), MutM and MutY proteins, counteracts the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the oxidized nucleobase 8-OxoG. Here, we report that in growing B. subtilis cells, the genetic inactivation of GO system potentiated mutagenesis (HPM), and subsequent hyperresistance, contributes to the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (HPHR). The mechanism(s) that connect the accumulation of the mutagenic lesion 8-OxoG with the ability of B. subtilis to evolve and survive the noxious effects of oxidative stress were dissected. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicated that the synthesis of KatA was exacerbated, in a PerR-independent manner, and the transcriptional coupling repair factor, Mfd, contributed to HPHR and HPM of the ΔGO strain. Moreover, these phenotypes are associated with wider pleiotropic effects, as revealed by a global proteome analysis. The inactivation of the GO system results in the upregulated production of KatA, and it reprograms the synthesis of the proteins involved in distinct types of cellular stress; this has a direct impact on (i) cysteine catabolism, (ii) the synthesis of iron–sulfur clusters, (iii) the reorganization of cell wall architecture, (iv) the activation of AhpC/AhpF-independent organic peroxide resistance, and (v) increased resistance to transcription-acting antibiotics. Therefore, to contend with the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects derived from the accumulation of 8-OxoG, B. subtilis activates the synthesis of proteins belonging to transcriptional regulons that respond to a wide, diverse range of cell stressors. Full article
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18 pages, 1991 KiB  
Article
Halofantrine Hydrochloride Acts as an Antioxidant Ability Inhibitor That Enhances Oxidative Stress Damage to Candida albicans
by Juan Xiong, Li Wang, Zhe Feng, Sijin Hang, Jinhua Yu, Yanru Feng, Hui Lu and Yuanying Jiang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(2), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13020223 - 09 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 857
Abstract
Candida albicans, a prominent opportunistic pathogenic fungus in the human population, possesses the capacity to induce life-threatening invasive candidiasis in individuals with compromised immune systems despite the existence of antifungal medications. When faced with macrophages or neutrophils, C. albicans demonstrates its capability [...] Read more.
Candida albicans, a prominent opportunistic pathogenic fungus in the human population, possesses the capacity to induce life-threatening invasive candidiasis in individuals with compromised immune systems despite the existence of antifungal medications. When faced with macrophages or neutrophils, C. albicans demonstrates its capability to endure oxidative stress through the utilization of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, the enhancement of oxidative stress in innate immune cells against C. albicans presents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of a library of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We discovered that halofantrine hydrochloride (HAL) can augment the antifungal properties of oxidative damage agents (plumbagin, menadione, and H2O2) by suppressing the response of C. albicans to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, our investigation revealed that the inhibitory mechanism of HAL on the oxidative response is dependent on Cap1. In addition, the antifungal activity of HAL has been observed in the Galleria mellonella infection model. These findings provide evidence that targeting the oxidative stress response of C. albicans and augmenting the fungicidal capacity of oxidative damage agents hold promise as effective antifungal strategies. Full article
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