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Antioxidants
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Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment
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Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 15903

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elisabetta Bigagli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of NEUROFARBA, section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; diabetes; inflammation; cancer; drug safety; microRNA; biomarkers
Prof. Dr. Cristina Luceri

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of NEUROFARBA, section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
Interests: chemoprevention; cancerogenesis; dietary factors; oxidative stress; biomarkers; inflammation; trascriptomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adverse drug reactions, chemical-induced toxicity and food poisoning have considerable clinical and economic costs. The identification of new biomarkers for the diagnosis, prediction and prognosis of such conditions will certainly improve the clinical management and reduce the financial burden on healthcare systems.

In particular, the possibility to analyze circulating oxidative stress-related biomarkers in various body fluids, commonly referred to as “liquid biopsy”, may represent a significant opportunity to personalize patient therapy. The challenge, however, rests in the determination of which biomarker, type of body fluid and detection method would be the most suitable to be applied in the clinical setting, highlighting advantages and limitations.

We welcome submissions of recent research that will improve the knowledge of drug safety, chemical-induced toxicity and food poisoning, focusing on topics including but not limited to the following:

  • Biomarker discovery: Preclinical mechanistic investigation on drug-, botanical-, chemical- and food-induced toxicity.
  • Evaluation of circulating biomarkers of xenobiotic-induced toxicity, with emphasis on specific groups of vulnerable patients such as pregnant women, children and the elderly.

Dr. Elisabetta Bigagli
Prof. Dr. Cristina Luceri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug toxicity
  • safety
  • chemical toxicity
  • food poisoning
  • biomarkers

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2057 KiB  
Article
Multi-Modal Synergistic 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and MRI for Evaluation of the Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in CO-Induced Delayed Parkinsonian and Non-Parkinsonian Syndromes
by Skye Hsin-Hsien Yeh, Chuang-Hsin Chiu, Hung-Wen Kao, Ching-Po Lin, Yu-Hus Lai and Wen-Sheng Huang
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2289; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112289 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1463
Abstract
Background: Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) is characterized by motor dysfunction after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We examined the relationship between dopamine transporter (DAT) loss using kit-based Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 (DAT single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) radioligand) and globus pallidus necrosis on MRI, DAT availability before [...] Read more.
Background: Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) is characterized by motor dysfunction after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We examined the relationship between dopamine transporter (DAT) loss using kit-based Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 (DAT single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) radioligand) and globus pallidus necrosis on MRI, DAT availability before and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), and feasibility of Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 as an index for parkinsonian syndrome in CO poisoning. Methods: Twenty-one CO-intoxicated patients (mean ± SD age, 38.6 ± 11.4; range, 20–68 years) with DNS underwent Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 SPECT and MRI before HBOT and follow-up Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 SPECT to assess DAT recovery. Neurological examinations for Parkinsonism were performed after development of DNS. Results: Over 70% (15/21) of DNS patients showed globus pallidus necrosis on MRI. Significantly lower bilateral striatal DAT availability was associated with globus pallidus necrosis (p < 0.005). Moreover, 68.4% (13/19) of DNS subjects with Parkinsonian syndrome had lower bilateral striatal DAT availability vs. non-parkinsonian subjects pre- or post-HBOT. The SURs for both striata increased by ~11% post-HBOT in the Parkinsonian group; however, the left striatum presented a significantly higher DAT recovery rate than the right (*** p < 0.005). Conclusions: Coupled Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT and MRI could assist evaluation of Parkinsonism risk and indicate DAT availability after HBOT in CO-poisoned patients with DNS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment)
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12 pages, 1808 KiB  
Article
Head-to-Head Comparison of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers for All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
by Jiao Zuo, Lyubov Chaykovska, Chang Chu, Xin Chen, Ahmed A. Hasan, Bernhard K. Krämer, Martin Tepel and Berthold Hocher
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1975; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101975 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1444
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) presents even in the early chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage and is exacerbated in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). There is still a debate over the association between oxidative stress and mortality. Our study aims [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress (OS) presents even in the early chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage and is exacerbated in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). There is still a debate over the association between oxidative stress and mortality. Our study aims to compare head-to-head the prognostic value of different oxidative markers for all-cause mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We thus enrolled 347 patients on HD in this prospective study. Four OS biomarkers were measured (carbonyl proteins, myeloperoxidase (MPO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)). During the 60-month follow-up period, 9 patients have been lost to follow-up and 168 (48.4%) patients died. Concerning the oxidative stress (ox-stress) byproducts, carbonyl proteins were lower in survivors (105.40 ng/mL (IQR 81.30–147.85) versus 129.65 ng/mL (IQR 93.20–180.33); p < 0.001), with similar results for male patients (103.70 ng/mL (IQR 76.90–153.33) versus 134.55 ng/mL (IQR 93.95–178.68); p = 0.0014). However, there are no significant differences in MPO, AOPP, and ox-LDL between the two groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that patients in the higher carbonyl proteins concentration (>117.85 ng/mL group) had a significantly lower survival rate (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed a positive correlation between carbonyl proteins and all-cause mortality in the higher and lower halves. Even after adjustment for conventional risk factors, it remained a statistically significant predictor of an increased risk of death in MHD. Univariate Cox regression analysis of MPO showed that continuous MPO and Log MPO were significantly associated with all-cause mortality, except for binary MPO (divided according to the median of MPO). Multivariate Cox analysis for MPO showed that the mortality prediction remains significant after adjusting for multiple factors. In conclusion, not all ox-stress biomarkers predict all-cause mortality in HD patients to a similar extent. In the present study, carbonyl proteins and MPO are independent predictors of all-cause mortality in HD patients, whereas AOPPs and oxLDL are clearly not associated with all-cause mortality in HD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment)
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16 pages, 664 KiB  
Article
Are Phthalate Exposure Related to Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents with Asthma? A Cumulative Risk Assessment Approach
by Po-Chin Huang, Po-Keng Cheng, Hsin-Chang Chen, Ivy Shiue, Wan-Ting Chang, Hsin-I Huang, Jung-Wei Chang and I-Jen Wang
Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071315 - 01 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2195
Abstract
Childhood asthma has become one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. However, few case–control studies investigating the relationship between phthalate exposure and asthma in children and adolescents have been conducted, especially in Asia. Therefore, we assessed the potential associations [...] Read more.
Childhood asthma has become one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. However, few case–control studies investigating the relationship between phthalate exposure and asthma in children and adolescents have been conducted, especially in Asia. Therefore, we assessed the potential associations between phthalate exposure and asthma among children and adolescents in Taiwan. Because various demographic and environmental variables may influence the incidence and prognosis of asthma, we performed a case–control study with propensity score matching. Out of 615 Childhood Environment and Allergic Diseases Study participants, we conditionally matched 41 children with clinically diagnosed asthma with 111 controls. We then analyzed 11 phthalate metabolites by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with the control group, the median urinary phthalate levels for most phthalate metabolites in the case group were slightly increased, including monomethyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, monoethylhexyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate. Hence, our results suggest that phthalate exposure may be associated with the development of asthma. In addition, prenatal environmental factors, such as active or passive smoking during pregnancy, may increase the risk of asthma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment)
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20 pages, 4430 KiB  
Article
Effect of Theobroma cacao L. on the Efficacy and Toxicity of Doxorubicin in Mice Bearing Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma
by Priyanka P. Patil, Pukar Khanal, Vishal S. Patil, Rajitha Charla, Darasaguppe R. Harish, Basanagouda M. Patil and Subarna Roy
Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061094 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2480
Abstract
Background and objective: Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that causes oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. In contrast, Theobroma cacao L. has been recorded as an anticancer agent and found to be protective against multiple chemical-induced organ injuries, including [...] Read more.
Background and objective: Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that causes oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. In contrast, Theobroma cacao L. has been recorded as an anticancer agent and found to be protective against multiple chemical-induced organ injuries, including heart, liver, and kidney injuries. The present study investigated the possible role of extracts from T. cacao beans for organ-protective effects in doxorubicin-induced toxicity in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Methodology: After survival analysis in rodents, cocoa bean extract (COE) was investigated for its efficacy against EAC-induced carcinoma and its organ-protective effect against doxorubicin-treated mice with EAC-induced carcinoma. Results: Significant reductions in EAC and doxorubicin-induced alterations were observed in mice administered the COE, either alone or in combination with doxorubicin. Furthermore, COE treatment significantly increased the mouse survival time, life span percentage, and antioxidant defense system. It also significantly improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal function biomarkers and markers for oxidative stress, and it also reduced doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes. Conclusion: COE acted against doxorubicin-induced organ toxicity; potent antioxidant and anticancer activities were also reflected by the COE itself. The COE may therefore serve as an adjuvant nutraceutical in cancer chemotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment)
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Review

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29 pages, 1139 KiB  
Review
Oxidation and Antioxidation of Natural Products in the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans
by An Zhu, Fuli Zheng, Wenjing Zhang, Ludi Li, Yingzi Li, Hong Hu, Yajiao Wu, Wenqiang Bao, Guojun Li, Qi Wang and Huangyuan Li
Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 705; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040705 - 02 Apr 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5667
Abstract
Natural products are small molecules naturally produced by multiple sources such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and archaea. They exert both beneficial and detrimental effects by modulating biological targets and pathways involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant response. Natural products’ oxidative or antioxidative [...] Read more.
Natural products are small molecules naturally produced by multiple sources such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and archaea. They exert both beneficial and detrimental effects by modulating biological targets and pathways involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant response. Natural products’ oxidative or antioxidative properties are usually investigated in preclinical experimental models, including virtual computing simulations, cell and tissue cultures, rodent and nonhuman primate animal models, and human studies. Due to the renewal of the concept of experimental animals, especially the popularization of alternative 3R methods for reduction, replacement and refinement, many assessment experiments have been carried out in new alternative models. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has been used for medical research since Sydney Brenner revealed its genetics in 1974 and has been introduced into pharmacology and toxicology in the past two decades. The data from C. elegans have been satisfactorily correlated with traditional experimental models. In this review, we summarize the advantages of C. elegans in assessing oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products and introduce methods to construct an oxidative damage model in C. elegans. The biomarkers and signaling pathways involved in the oxidative stress of C. elegans are summarized, as well as the oxidation and antioxidation in target organs of the muscle, nervous, digestive and reproductive systems. This review provides an overview of the oxidative and antioxidative properties of natural products based on the model organism C. elegans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment)
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Other

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10 pages, 952 KiB  
Opinion
Site-Directed Spin Labeling EPR Spectroscopy for Determination of Albumin Structural Damage and Hypoalbuminemia in Critical COVID-19
by Ekaterina Georgieva, Yanka Karamalakova, Georgi Arabadzhiev, Vasil Atanasov, Rositsa Kostandieva, Mitko Mitev, Vanya Tsoneva, Yovcho Yovchev and Galina Nikolova
Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2311; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122311 - 22 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1220
Abstract
The main factors in the COVID-19 pathology, which can initiate extensive structural changes at the cellular and molecular levels, are the generation of free radicals in abnormal amounts, and oxidative stress. Under “oxidative shock” conditions, the proteins undergo various modifications that affect their [...] Read more.
The main factors in the COVID-19 pathology, which can initiate extensive structural changes at the cellular and molecular levels, are the generation of free radicals in abnormal amounts, and oxidative stress. Under “oxidative shock” conditions, the proteins undergo various modifications that affect their function and activity, and as a result distribute malfunctioning protein derivatives in the body. Human serum albumin is a small globular protein characterized by a high overall binding capacity for neutral lipophilic and acidic dosage forms. The albumin concentration is crucial for the maintenance of plasma oncotic pressure, the transport of nutrients, amino acids, and drugs, the effectiveness of drug therapy, and the prevention of drug toxicity. Hypoalbuminemia and structural defects molecule in the protein suggest a risk of changed metabolism and increased plasma concentration of unbound drugs. Therefore, the albumin structural and functional changes accompanied by low protein levels can be a serious prerequisite for ineffective therapy, frequent complications, and high mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current opinion aims the research community the application of Site-Directed Spin Labeling Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (SDSL-EPR) and 3-Maleimido-PROXYL radical in determining abnormalities of the albumin dynamics and protein concentrations in COVID-19 critical patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Toxicology and Risk Assessment)
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