Carotenoids in Foods and Feeds

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 1527

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany
Interests: dietary antioxidants; carotenoids; polyphenols; vitamin E; vitamin C; antioxidant activity/capacity; interactions; bioavailability
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The purpose of this Special Issue of Antioxidants is to present recent investigations on the contents of carotenoids in foods and feeds. In addition to potential raw materials, the analysis of carotenoids in food and feed products as affected by processing is of ongoing interest. This will include traditional techniques as well as modern processes (e.g., high-pressure processing). It is also important to show recent developments in carotenoid isomerization and metabolism in foods and feeds. Results on biological activities (e.g., antioxidant activity/capacity) of carotenoids contained in foods and feeds are also welcome.

Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments consisting of more than 750 compounds known so far. Their colours are mostly yellow, orange or red due to the system of conjugated double bonds. This structural element is also responsible for the good antioxidant properties of many carotenoids. Carotenoids have shown various biological activities (not only as provitamin A), making them an interesting topic for researchers of various disciplines all over the world, looking, e.g., for preventive properties of fruits and vegetables. As lipophilic compounds, their uptake and storage in the body is dependent on various conditions. In vitro and in vivo data have showed stimulating and inhibiting effects of matrix compounds on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids.

Dr. Volker Böhm
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • carotenoids
  • processing of foods and feeds
  • isomerization
  • metabolism
  • antioxidant mechanisms
  • non-antioxidant activities
  • health and disease
  • bioaccessibility
  • bioavailability

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 2116 KiB  
Communication
Heterologous Production in the Synechocystis Chassis Suggests the Biosynthetic Pathway of Astaxanthin in Cyanobacteria
by Hanyu Liang, Hongjuan Chen, Xinya Liu, Zihan Wang, Pengfu Li and Shan Lu
Antioxidants 2023, 12(10), 1826; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101826 - 03 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1105
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid species with the highest antioxidant capability. Its natural resource is very rare. The biosynthesis of astaxanthin from β-carotene includes a hydroxylation step and a ketolation step, for which the corresponding enzymes have been characterized in a few species. However, [...] Read more.
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid species with the highest antioxidant capability. Its natural resource is very rare. The biosynthesis of astaxanthin from β-carotene includes a hydroxylation step and a ketolation step, for which the corresponding enzymes have been characterized in a few species. However, the sequence of these two reactions is unclear, and may vary with different organisms. In this study, we aimed to elucidate this sequence in Synechocystis, which is an ideal cyanobacterial synthetic biology chassis. We first silenced the endogenous carotene oxygenase gene SyneCrtO to avoid its possible interference in the carotenoid metabolic network. We then introduced the β-carotene ketolase gene from Haematococcus pluvialis (HpBKT) and the CrtZ-type carotene β-hydroxylase gene from Pantoea agglomerans (PaCrtZ) to this δCrtO strain. Our pigment analysis demonstrated that both the endogenous CrtR-type carotene hydroxylase SyneCrtR and HpBKT have the preference to use β-carotene as their substrate for hydroxylation and ketolation reactions to produce zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, respectively. However, the endogenous SyneCrtR is not able to further catalyze the 3,3′-hydroxylation of canthaxanthin to generate astaxanthin. From our results, a higher accumulation of canthaxanthin and a much lower level of astaxanthin, as confirmed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, were detected in our transgenic BKT+/CrtZ+/δCrtO cells. Therefore, we proposed that the bottleneck for the heterologous production of astaxanthin in Synechocystis might exist at the hydroxylation step, which requires a comprehensive screening or genetic engineering for the corresponding carotene hydroxylase to enable the industrial production of astaxanthin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carotenoids in Foods and Feeds)
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