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Antioxidants
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Impact of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of HDL in Diseases—2nd...
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Impact of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of HDL in Diseases—2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 2509

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carlo Cervellati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; inflammation; HDL dysfuntion; disease biomarkers; Alzheimer’s disease; metabolic disorders; myeloperoxidase; PON-1
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Judit Marsillach

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
Interests: paraoxonases; oxidative stress; inflammation; adductomics; environmental exposures; neurodegenerative diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our previous Special Issue on “Paraoxonase-1 and Other HDL Accessory Proteins in Neurological Diseases” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants/special_issues/HDL_Disease), published in the 2022 volume of Antioxidants, received an overwhelming number of submissions and was a successful compilation of research and review articles. As this is a rapidly evolving topic, we would like to further explore the role of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Functions of HDL in Diseases with a follow-up Special Issue for the year 2023.

It is consolidated knowledge that oxidative stress (OxS) represents a key player in the pathogenesis of several diseases and pathophysiological conditions. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that endows its carrier with multiple biological functions, including the ability to prevent oxidative damage, protect from the toxicity of specific organophosphorus pesticides, and stimulate cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The impact of PON1 on HDL function relies on finely tuned coordination with apolipoproteins, primarily apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), and other (putative) accessory proteins, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, or serum amyloid A. OxS and triggered inflammation modify the HDL proteome and lipidome, leading to dysfunctional HDL that has reduced antioxidant PON1 levels and accumulates pro-oxidative MPO, giving rise to a self-perpetuating detrimental cycle. This aberrant phenomenon appears to be critical in many pathological processes underlying metabolic, vascular, and neurological diseases.

This Research Topic will discuss experimental and epidemiological evidence giving meaningful insight into the role of PON1 and other HDL accessory proteins in the onset/progression of disease.

Dr. Carlo Cervellati
Dr. Judit Marsillach
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  •  paraoxonases
  •  oxidized LDL
  •  high-density lipoproteins
  •  metabolic diseases
  •  apolipoproteins
  •  cardiovascular disease
  •  neurological disease

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 6154 KiB  
Article
Serum Arylesterase, Paraoxonase, and Lactonase Activities and Paraoxonase-1 Concentrations in Morbidly Obese Patients and Their Relationship with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
by Helena Castañé, Andrea Jiménez-Franco, Cristian Martínez-Navidad, Cristina Placed-Gallego, Vicente Cambra-Cortés, Adelina-Miruna Perta, Marta París, Daniel del Castillo, Meritxell Arenas, Jordi Camps and Jorge Joven
Antioxidants 2023, 12(12), 2038; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122038 - 23 Nov 2023
Viewed by 898
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Reduced serum PON1 activity is found in diseases marked by oxidative stress and inflammation, but its role in obesity remains unclear. This study investigated PON1 activities and concentrations in morbidly obese individuals [...] Read more.
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Reduced serum PON1 activity is found in diseases marked by oxidative stress and inflammation, but its role in obesity remains unclear. This study investigated PON1 activities and concentrations in morbidly obese individuals and explored the impacts of the genetic polymorphism PON1 rs662 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on enzymatic properties. We recruited 1349 morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and 823 non-obese volunteers. PON1-related variables, including arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities and PON1 concentrations, were examined. Our results showed that morbidly obese individuals exhibited higher PON1 concentrations but lower enzymatic activities than non-obese individuals. We observed inverse associations of arylesterase and paraoxonase activities with waist circumference (rho = −0.24, p < 0.001, and rho = −0.30, p < 0.001, respectively) and body mass index (rho = −0.15, p = 0.001, and rho = −0.23, p < 0.001), as well as direct associations of arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities with HDL cholesterol (rho = 0.11, p = 0.005, rho = 0.20, p < 0.001, and rho = 0.20, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, rs662 polymorphism allele frequencies, or the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nevertheless, correlations were found between certain PON1-related variables, steatosis, and ballooning. In conclusion, changes in PON1-related variables in morbidly obese patients are dependent on the disease itself and HDL levels. The relationships between these variables and specific liver histological changes raise intriguing questions for consideration in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of HDL in Diseases—2nd Edition)
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Review

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25 pages, 1050 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of High-Density Lipoprotein in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
by Damien Denimal
Antioxidants 2024, 13(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010057 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1160
Abstract
(1) Background: high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that play an important role in preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions and possibly also diabetes. In turn, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are susceptible to having deleterious [...] Read more.
(1) Background: high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that play an important role in preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions and possibly also diabetes. In turn, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are susceptible to having deleterious effects on these HDL functions. The objectives of the present review are to expound upon the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of HDLs in both diabetes in the setting of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and discuss the contributions of these HDL functions to the onset of diabetes. (2) Methods: this narrative review is based on the literature available from the PubMed database. (3) Results: several antioxidant functions of HDLs, such as paraoxonase-1 activity, are compromised in T2D, thereby facilitating the pro-atherogenic effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. In addition, HDLs exhibit diminished ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways in the vessels of individuals with T2D. Although the literature is less extensive, recent evidence suggests defective antiatherogenic properties of HDL particles in T1D. Lastly, substantial evidence indicates that HDLs play a role in the onset of diabetes by modulating glucose metabolism. (4) Conclusions and perspectives: impaired HDL antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions present intriguing targets for mitigating cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes. Further investigations are needed to clarify the influence of glycaemic control and nephropathy on HDL functionality in patients with T1D. Furthermore, exploring the effects on HDL functionality of novel antidiabetic drugs used in the management of T2D may provide intriguing insights for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of HDL in Diseases—2nd Edition)
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