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Biosurfactants as Antimicrobials: Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti-biofilm Activities

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A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Novel Antimicrobial Agents".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2021) | Viewed by 11130

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Dr. Tomasz Janek

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Guest Editor

Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
Interests: bioactive lipopeptides; antimicrobial peptides; microbial adhesion and biofilm formation; drug-protein interaction; lipopeptide-membrane interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Anna Kancelista

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Guest Editor

Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
Interests: biotechnology and applied microbiology; filamentous fungi; fungal metabolites; waste lignocellulose biodegradation; lignocellulosic hydrolysates fermentation

Prof. Dr. Barbara Żarowska

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Guest Editor

Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
Interests: nonconventional yeast; bioprocesses; interactions between microorganisms; bioactive compounds and their effect on growth of microorganisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biosurfactants constitute a structurally diverse group of metabolites produced by various bacterial and fungal genera. Microbial surfactants are considered to have some advantages over synthetic surfactants, such as low toxicity, high biodegradability, and specificity, and retention of physicochemical properties at multiple temperatures, salinities, and pH levels. Some of the biosurfactants synthesized by microorganisms exhibit antimicrobial, anti-adhesive, and anti-biofilm activity against various pathogenic microbes. Several of the biosurfactants are effective against a broad spectrum of human pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi. The physicochemical properties of some classes of biosurfactants are extensively studied, however, it is still very important to find the new biosurfactants and characterize their biological properties. Here, we plan to collect original research articles, short communications, or review articles describing recent advances in the field of the characterization of the antimicrobial activity of biosurfactants.

Dr. Tomasz Janek
Dr. Anna Kancelista
Prof. Dr. Barbara Żarowska
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Secondary metabolites
Biosurfactants
Antimicrobial resistance
Antibacterial activities
Antifungal activities
Microbial adhesion
Biofilms

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 6715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion and Antibiofilm Activities of a Glycolipid Biosurfactant from Lactobacillus rhamnosus with Its Physicochemical and Functional Properties

by Mitesh Patel, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Walid Sabri Hamadou, Malvi Surti, Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem, Syed Amir Ashraf, Mousa Alreshidi, Mejdi Snoussi, Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi, Fevzi Bardakci, Arshad Jamal, Manojkumar Sachidanandan and Mohd Adnan

Antibiotics 2021, 10(12), 1546; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10121546 - 17 Dec 2021

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 3767

Abstract

Biosurfactants derived from different microbes are an alternative to chemical surfactants, which have broad applications in food, oil, biodegradation, cosmetic, agriculture, pesticide and medicine/pharmaceutical industries. This is due to their environmentally friendly, biocompatible, biodegradable, effectiveness to work under various environmental conditions and non-toxic nature. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-derived glycolipid biosurfactants can play a major role in preventing bacterial attachment, biofilm eradication and related infections in various clinical settings and industries. Hence, it is important to explore and identify the novel molecule/method for the treatment of biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) strain was isolated from human breast milk. Firstly, its ability to produce biosurfactants, and its physicochemical and functional properties (critical micelle concentration (CMC), reduction in surface tension, emulsification index (% EI24), etc.) were evaluated. Secondly, inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm eradication by cell-bound biosurfactants from L. rhamnosus was performed against various biofilm-forming pathogens (B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli). Finally, bacterial cell damage, viability of cells within the biofilm, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and identification of the structural analogues of the crude biosurfactant via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis were also evaluated. As a result, L. rhamnosus was found to produce 4.32 ± 0.19 g/L biosurfactant that displayed a CMC of 3.0 g/L and reduced the surface tension from 71.12 ± 0.73 mN/m to 41.76 ± 0.60 mN/m. L. rhamnosus cell-bound crude biosurfactant was found to be effective against all the tested bacterial pathogens. It displayed potent anti-adhesion and antibiofilm ability by inhibiting the bacterial attachment to surfaces, leading to the disruption of biofilm formation by altering the integrity and viability of bacterial cells within biofilms. Our results also confirm the ability of the L. rhamnosus cell-bound-derived biosurfactant to damage the architecture of the biofilm matrix, as a result of the reduced total EPS content. Our findings may be further explored as a green alternative/approach to chemically synthesized toxic antibiofilm agents for controlling bacterial adhesion and biofilm eradication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosurfactants as Antimicrobials: Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti-biofilm Activities)

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26 pages, 8153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Functional and Structural Characterization of Pediococcus pentosaceus-Derived Biosurfactant and Its Biomedical Potential against Bacterial Adhesion, Quorum Sensing, and Biofilm Formation

by Mohd Adnan, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Walid Sabri Hamadou, Syed Amir Ashraf, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan, Mejdi Snoussi, Riadh Badraoui, Arshad Jamal, Fevzi Bardakci, Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem, Manojkumar Sachidanandan and Mitesh Patel

Antibiotics 2021, 10(11), 1371; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111371 - 09 Nov 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3124

Abstract

Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules of microbial origin and alternatives to synthetic surfactants with various applications. Due to their environmental-friendliness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, effectiveness to work under various environmental conditions, and non-toxic nature, they have been recently recognized as potential agents with therapeutic and commercial importance. The biosurfactant produced by various probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has enormous applications in different fields. Thus, in vitro assessment of biofilm development prevention or disruption by natural biosurfactants derived from probiotic LAB is a plausible approach that can lead to the discovery of novel antimicrobials. Primarily, this study aims to isolate, screen, and characterize the functional and biomedical potential of biosurfactant synthesized by probiotic LAB Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus). Characterization consists of the assessment of critical micelle concentration (CMC), reduction in surface tension, and emulsification index (% EI24). Evaluation of antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-QS, and anti-adhesive activities of cell-bound biosurfactants were carried out against different human pathogenic bacteria (B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli). Moreover, bacterial cell damage, viability of cells within the biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production were also evaluated. As a result, P. pentosaceus was found to produce 4.75 ± 0.17 g/L biosurfactant, which displayed a CMC of 2.4 ± 0.68 g/L and reduced the surface tension from 71.11 ± 1.12 mN/m to 38.18 ± 0.58 mN/m. P. pentosaceus cells bound to the crude biosurfactant were found to be effective against all tested bacterial pathogens. It exhibited an anti-adhesion ability and impeded the architecture of the biofilm matrix by affecting the viability and integrity of bacterial cells within biofilms and reducing the total EPS content. Furthermore, the crude biosurfactant derived from P. pentosaceus was structurally characterized as a lipoprotein by GC-MS analysis, which confirms the presence of lipids and proteins. Thus, our findings represent the potent anti-adhesion and antibiofilm potential of P. pentosaceus crude biosurfactant for the first time, which may be explored further as an alternative to antibiotics or chemically synthesized toxic antibiofilm agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosurfactants as Antimicrobials: Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti-biofilm Activities)

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14 pages, 922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 Biosurfactant Delivered by Hyalurosomes: An Advanced Strategy to Counteract Candida Biofilm

by Angela Abruzzo, Barbara Giordani, Carola Parolin, Priscilla R. De Gregorio, Claudio Foschi, Teresa Cerchiara, Federica Bigucci, Beatrice Vitali and Barbara Luppi

Antibiotics 2021, 10(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010033 - 01 Jan 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2944

Abstract

The emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs has made the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) very challenging. Among natural substances, biosurfactants (BS) produced by Lactobacillus have gained increasing interest in counteracting Candida infections for their proven anti-adhesive properties and safety profile. In the present study, liposomes (LP-BS) or liposomes coated with hyaluronic acid (HY-LP-BS) were prepared in the presence of the BS isolated from the vaginal strain Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 and characterized in terms of size, ζ potential, stability and mucoadhesion. The anti-biofilm activity of free BS, LP-BS and HY-LP-BS was investigated against different Candida albicans and non-albicans strains (C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis), clinically isolated from patients affected by VVC. The inhibition of biofilm formation and the dispersal of pre-formed biofilm were evaluated. The obtained phospholipid vesicles showed suitable size for vaginal application and good stability over the storage period. HY-LP-BS exhibited good mucoadhesive properties and the best anti-biofilm profile, both in preventing or limiting the surface colonization by a broad spectrum of Candida species. In conclusion, the formulation of a novel antifungal agent derived from the vaginal microbiota into mucoadhesive nanocarriers appears to be a promising biotherapeutic strategy to counteract vulvovaginal candidiasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosurfactants as Antimicrobials: Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti-biofilm Activities)

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