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Antibiotics
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Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Japan, Present, Past Fact and Next...
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Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Japan, Present, Past Fact and Next Strategy under COVID-19 Pandemic

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2021) | Viewed by 14632

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ken Kikuchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: antibiotic resistance; ELISA; antibodies; antimicrobials; Gel Electrophoresis; cloning; bacteriology; general microbiology; microbial molecular biology; environmental microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most common medical problems in the world and AMR organisms could cause up to 10 million deaths in 2050. In Japan, the AMR action plan has been proposed since 2016 according to WHO recommendation, but the past and current status and the strategy was not recognized enough. For example, methicillin-resistance is still highly frequent (30-50% of Staphylococcus aureus), but vancomycin-resistance is rarely isolated (<0.1% of Enterococcus). Since 2019, the emergent pandemic of COVID-19 has taken away everyday life and caused medical collapse worldwide. As most healthcare resources must be used for COVID-19, the AMR plan is forced to change such as re-distribution of economical, medical, educational or human resources.

This Special Issue revisits the past and examines the current status of AMR in Japan and we discuss the future AMR action under COVID-19 pandemic.

Dr. Ken Kikuchi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • AMR
  • action plan
  • Japan
  • COVID-19
  • strategy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

18 pages, 501 KiB  
Review
Anti-Mycobacterial Drug Resistance in Japan: How to Approach This Problem?
by Keisuke Kamada and Satoshi Mitarai
Antibiotics 2022, 11(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010019 - 24 Dec 2021
Viewed by 5004
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is mainly caused by two groups of species: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). The pathogens cause not only respiratory infections, but also general diseases. The common problem in these pathogens as of today is drug resistance. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major [...] Read more.
Mycobacteriosis is mainly caused by two groups of species: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). The pathogens cause not only respiratory infections, but also general diseases. The common problem in these pathogens as of today is drug resistance. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern. A major challenge in the treatment of TB is anti-mycobacterial drug resistance (AMR), including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Recently, the success rate of the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has improved significantly with the introduction of new and repurposed drugs, especially in industrialized countries such as Japan. However, long-term treatment and the adverse events associated with the treatment of DR-TB are still problematic. To solve these problems, optimal treatment regimens designed/tailor-made for each patient are necessary, regardless of the location in the world. In contrast to TB, NTM infections are environmentally oriented. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus species (MABS) are the major causes of NTM infections in Japan. These bacteria are naturally resistant to a wide variation of antimicrobial agents. Macrolides, represented by clarithromycin (CLR) and amikacin (AMK), show relatively good correlation with treatment success. However, the efficacies of potential drugs for the treatment of macrolide-resistant MAC and MABS are currently under evaluation. Thus, it is particularly difficult to construct an effective treatment regimen for macrolide-resistant MAC and MABS. AMR in NTM infections are rather serious in Japan, even when compared with challenges associated with DR-TB. Given the AMR problems in TB and NTM, the appropriate use of drugs based on accurate drug susceptibility testing and the development of new compounds/regimens that are strongly bactericidal in a short-time course will be highly expected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Japan, Present, Past Fact and Next Strategy under COVID-19 Pandemic)
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11 pages, 298 KiB  
Review
Outcomes and Future Prospect of Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (2016–2020)
by Yoshiaki Gu, Yumiko Fujitomo and Norio Ohmagari
Antibiotics 2021, 10(11), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111293 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3435
Abstract
The threat from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to grow. Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which was formulated in 2016 and targets six areas, has already had a major impact on the countermeasures implemented against AMR. Particular advances have been made in [...] Read more.
The threat from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to grow. Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which was formulated in 2016 and targets six areas, has already had a major impact on the countermeasures implemented against AMR. Particular advances have been made in AMR-related surveillance, and we now know the situation regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the country. Educational and awareness-raising activities for medical professionals and the general public have been actively implemented and seem to have contributed to a gradual move toward an appropriate use of antimicrobials. However, there is still insufficient understanding of the issue among the general public. Determining how to use surveillance results and implementing further awareness-raising activities are crucial to address this. Tasks for the future include both raising awareness and the promotion of AMR research and development and international cooperation. The government’s next Action Plan, which will detail future countermeasures against AMR based on the outcomes of and tasks identified in the current Action Plan, has been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and is urgently awaited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Japan, Present, Past Fact and Next Strategy under COVID-19 Pandemic)
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14 pages, 1267 KiB  
Review
A Strategy for Hospital Pharmacists to Control Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Japan
by Yukihiro Hamada, Fumiya Ebihara and Ken Kikuchi
Antibiotics 2021, 10(11), 1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111284 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2508
Abstract
In Japan, there is concern regarding the relation between the inappropriate use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (AMR). Increased bacterial resistance is due in part to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. The support of the pharmacist becomes important, and there is growing [...] Read more.
In Japan, there is concern regarding the relation between the inappropriate use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (AMR). Increased bacterial resistance is due in part to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. The support of the pharmacist becomes important, and there is growing interest in antimicrobial stewardship to promote the appropriate and safe use of antimicrobials needed for the optimal selection of drugs, doses, durations of therapy, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and implementations of cost containment strategies in Japan. Pharmacists should strive to disseminate the concept of “choosing wisely” in relation to all medicines, implement further interventions, and put them into practice. In this article, we present data for antimicrobial stewardship and Japan’s AMR action plan, focusing on how pharmacists should be involved in enabling physicians to choose antimicrobials wisely. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Japan, Present, Past Fact and Next Strategy under COVID-19 Pandemic)
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15 pages, 2687 KiB  
Review
A View on 20 Years of Antimicrobial Resistance in Japan by Two National Surveillance Systems: The National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases and Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance
by Satowa Suzuki
Antibiotics 2021, 10(10), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101189 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2521
Abstract
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan has conducted two national surveillance systems for approximately 20 years to monitor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria: the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) and the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS). Data [...] Read more.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan has conducted two national surveillance systems for approximately 20 years to monitor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria: the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) and the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS). Data accumulated for 20 years by these two surveillance systems have helped depict the epidemiology of the representative AMR bacteria in Japan chronologically. The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus teaches us that once AMR bacteria have established their high endemicity, controlling such AMR bacteria requires time and is challenging. On the other hand, the epidemiology that multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sp. exhibits when a strict containment policy for AMR bacteria was introduced in the early phase of its emergence and spread reveals that it is possible to control it. Detailed epidemiology provided by these two different national surveillance systems in Japan enabled us to set up the goal for controlling each AMR bacteria at the hospital level to the prefecture/national level. It is the public health authorities’ responsibility to maintain a good surveillance system for AMR bacteria and share the data and findings with healthcare professionals and academicians. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Japan, Present, Past Fact and Next Strategy under COVID-19 Pandemic)
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