Successful Antimicrobial Stewardship Approaches to Address Nosocomial Infections

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 476

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Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
Interests: antibiotic resistance; microbiology; antibiotics; bacterial antibiotic resistance; bacteriology; antimicrobial resistance; antibacterial activity; general microbiology; microbial isolation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Successful antimicrobial stewardship approaches are used to address nosocomial infections such as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), which can occur in outpatient settings, although most occur while the patient is hospitalized.

Patients hospitalized in certain wards, i.e., intensive care units (ICU), have increased chances of acquiring an infection that can be caused by resistant bacteria, requiring the use of reserve antibiotics. The difficulty involved in managing it requirew serious consideration of what represents the most appropriate therapy.

Antimicrobial stewardship (AST) is a strategy designed to improve the use of antimicrobials in different settings, including hospitals. However, modifying prescription habits, increasing adherence to therapeutic guidelines and improving the empirical use of antibiotics can be challenging, especially if microbiological testing is difficult or there are shortages of certain antibiotics.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 overshadowed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pandemic. At first, antibiotics were increasingly used to treat this viral infection, which helped to increase the AMR phenomenon.

AST should be a clear habit in the minds of all healthcare professionals. Notwithstanding this fact, in real life, implementing AST faces several challenges, including a need for more awareness and education. Furthermore, limited resources allocated for these activities limit the implementation of AST, which should be a continuous task.

This Special Issue seeks studies of successful hospital AST experiences, including innovative and engaging approaches that are useful for the management of antimicrobial resistance.

Dr. Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • bacterial
  • resistance
  • antimicrobial
  • stewardship

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 646 KiB  
Article
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study
by Alexandre Baudet, Marie Regad, Sébastien Gibot, Élodie Conrath, Julie Lizon, Béatrice Demoré and Arnaud Florentin
Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050390 - 25 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Patients hospitalized in ICUs with severe COVID-19 are at risk for developing hospital-acquired infections, especially infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We aimed to describe the evolution of P. aeruginosa infections in ICUs at CHRU-Nancy (France) in patients with severe COVID-19 during the [...] Read more.
Patients hospitalized in ICUs with severe COVID-19 are at risk for developing hospital-acquired infections, especially infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We aimed to describe the evolution of P. aeruginosa infections in ICUs at CHRU-Nancy (France) in patients with severe COVID-19 during the three initial waves of COVID-19. The second aims were to analyze P. aeruginosa resistance and to describe the antibiotic treatments. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adult patients who were hospitalized for acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 and who developed a hospital-acquired infection caused by P. aeruginosa during their ICU stay. Among the 51 patients included, most were male (90%) with comorbidities (77%), and the first identification of P. aeruginosa infection occurred after a median ICU stay of 11 days. Several patients acquired infections with MDR (27%) and XDR (8%) P. aeruginosa strains. The agents that strains most commonly exhibited resistance to were penicillin + β-lactamase inhibitors (59%), cephalosporins (42%), monobactams (32%), and carbapenems (27%). Probabilistic antibiotic treatment was prescribed for 49 patients (96%) and was subsequently adapted for 51% of patients after antibiogram and for 33% of patients after noncompliant antibiotic plasma concentration. Hospital-acquired infection is a common and life-threatening complication in critically ill patients. Efforts to minimize the occurrence and improve the treatment of such infections, including infections caused by resistant strains, must be pursued. Full article
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