The Use of Antibiotics in Aquaculture: Antimicrobial Resistance, Efficacy and Safety, Ethical and Environmental Concerns

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 621

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
Interests: interactions between aquaculture and the environment; health of marine organisms; marine spatial planning and multi-use of marine areas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of antibacterial agents, or antibiotics, is attracting increasing concern worldwide, in human medicine as well as veterinary medicine. The concept of the “one health approach” emphasises that the spreading of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within one type of habitat, for example aquaculture farms, implies increased risk for resistance among bacteria normally occupying other habitats, thus impacting wildlife, the agriculture of terrestrial animals, and humans. This is in large part due to the irresponsible and excessive use of antimicrobials in various sectors (aquaculture, agriculture, livestock, and human medicine). Improper management of antimicrobials, inadequate control of infections, agricultural debris, pollutants in the environment, and migration of people and animals infected with resistant bacteria facilitate the spread of resistance. The open concept of most aquaculture concepts implies considerable environmental spreading of agents as well as resistance. This Special Issue is open to submissions investigating more efficient ways of using antibacterial agents; efficacy and safety of use; animal welfare and ethical aspects; spreading of antimicrobial resistance to the environment and other species and populations; documentation and statistics on the use of antibacterial agents for aquaculture purposes.

Dr. Øivind Bergh
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antibacterial agents
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • aquaculture

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 801 KiB  
Article
Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Intestinal Contents of Wild Marine Fish in Chile
by Claudio D. Miranda, Christopher Concha, Luz Hurtado, Rocío Urtubia, Rodrigo Rojas and Jaime Romero
Antibiotics 2024, 13(4), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040332 - 05 Apr 2024
Viewed by 431
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from the intestinal contents of wild fish may have a relevant ecological significance and could be used as indicators of antimicrobial-resistance dissemination in natural bacterial populations in water bodies impacted by urban contamination. Thus, the occurrence of ARB in the [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from the intestinal contents of wild fish may have a relevant ecological significance and could be used as indicators of antimicrobial-resistance dissemination in natural bacterial populations in water bodies impacted by urban contamination. Thus, the occurrence of ARB in the intestinal contents of pelagic and demersal wild fishes captured in anthropogenic-impacted Coquimbo Bay in Chile was studied. Culturable counts of total and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were determined by a spread plate method using Trypticase soy agar and R2A media, both alone and supplemented with the antimicrobials amoxicillin, streptomycin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Heterotrophic plate counts of pelagic and demersal fishes ranged from 1.72 × 106 CFU g−1 to 3.62 × 109 CFU g−1, showing variable proportions of antimicrobial resistance. Representative antimicrobial-resistant isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and isolates (74) from pelagic fishes mainly belonged to Pseudomonas (50.0%) and Shewanella (17.6%) genera, whereas isolates (68) from demersal fishes mainly belonged to Vibrio (33.8%) and Pseudomonas (26.5%) genera. Antimicrobial-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials by an agar disk diffusion method, showing highest resistance to streptomycin (85.2%) and amoxicillin (64.8%), and lowest resistance to oxytetracycline (23.2%) and ciprofloxacin (0.7%). Only furazolidone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were statistically different (p < 0.05) in comparisons between isolates from pelagic and demersal wild fishes. Furthermore, an important number of these isolates carried plasmids (53.5%) and produced Extended-Spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL) (16.9%), whereas the detection of Metallo–β–Lactamases and class 1-integron was rare. This study provides evidence that wild fish are important reservoirs and spreading-vehicles of ARB, carrying plasmids and producing ESBLs in Chilean marine environments. Full article
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