Antibiotics in the Critically Ill Patient

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1585

Special Issue Editors


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Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Maurizio Bufalini di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
Interests: intensive care unit; critical care; neurocritical care; infection control; epidemiology; bioethics, resources management

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Guest Editor
Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Bufalini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
Interests: dynamics of infection; evolution; anesthesia; airway management; intensive care; healthcare management
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Department of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Bufalini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
Interests: acute care surgery; infections; trauma; emergency general surgery; intra-abdominal infections
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Guest Editor
Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
Interests: intensive care; infections; microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious issues have always been a major concern in the management of critically ill patients. Clinical features and the derangement of several physiological and pharmacological traits require a distinctive and careful approach.

As a result, intensivist physicians developed a high level of interest in the area of infections and an aptitude for multidisciplinary dialogue with microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, pharmacologists, and all professionals involved in these topics.

The introduction in clinical practice of molecular biology techniques and the release of a dozen new antibiotic molecules are leading to rapid generational change in the diagnostic/therapeutic paradigm.

The implementation of new tests and drugs into clinical practice requires high levels of understanding.

Furthermore, intensive care units have been overloaded over the past 3 years by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. COVID-19 patients, in addition to logistical problems, suffer from a high prevalence of bacterial over-infections, which are extremely difficult to diagnose and treat. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, therefore, led to the suspension of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the spread of multidrug-resistant germs in intensive care units.

Hence, we believe that a Special Issue of Antibiotics focusing on critically ill patients is of great significance. The aim is to report research, experiences, works, ideas, and strategies on these topics. We are looking for papers about innovative diagnostic techniques, recently introduced molecules, pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic features, epidemiological data, risk stratification strategy, and multidrug-resistant bacteria management.

Dr. Emanuele Russo
Dr. Vanni Agnoletti
Dr. Fausto Catena
Dr. Bruno Viaggi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • intensive care unit
  • ventilator-associated pneumonia
  • antibiotic therapy
  • antibiotic therapy
  • PK/PD
  • molecular microbiology testing
  • critically ill patient

Published Papers (1 paper)

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17 pages, 594 KiB  
Systematic Review
Which Are the Best Regimens of Broad-Spectrum Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Burn Patients? A Systematic Review of Evidence from Pharmacology Studies
by Gianpiero Tebano, Giulia la Martire, Luigi Raumer, Monica Cricca, Davide Melandri, Federico Pea and Francesco Cristini
Antibiotics 2023, 12(12), 1737; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121737 - 14 Dec 2023
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Abstract
Background: Burn injury causes profound pathophysiological changes in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of antibiotics. Infections are among the principal complications after burn injuries, and broad-spectrum beta-lactams are the cornerstone of treatment. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for the [...] Read more.
Background: Burn injury causes profound pathophysiological changes in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of antibiotics. Infections are among the principal complications after burn injuries, and broad-spectrum beta-lactams are the cornerstone of treatment. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for the best regimens of these antibiotics in the burn patient population. Methods: We performed a systematic review of evidence available on MEDLINE (from its inception to 2023) of pharmacology studies that focused on the use of 13 broad-spectrum beta-lactams in burn patients. We extracted and synthetized data on drug regimens and their ability to attain adequate PK/PD targets. Results: We selected 35 studies for analysis. Overall, studies showed that both high doses and the continuous infusion (CI) of broad-spectrum beta-lactams were needed to achieve internationally-recognized PK/PD targets, ideally with therapeutic drug monitoring guidance. The most extensive evidence concerned meropenem, but similar conclusions could be drawn about piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem-clinastatin and aztreonam. Insufficient data were available about new beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole and cefiderocol. Conclusions: Both high doses and CI of broad-spectrum beta-lactams are needed when treating burn patients due to the peculiar changes in the PK/PD of antibiotics in this population. Further studies are needed, particularly about newer antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics in the Critically Ill Patient)
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