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Animals
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Genetic Selection and Associated Defects in Poultry Production
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Genetic Selection and Associated Defects in Poultry Production

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 11620

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shuen Ei Chen

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: cell signaling in myogenesis; genetic selection; poultry production; carbohydrate/lipid dysregulation and related disorders
Prof. Dr. Rosemary L. Walzem

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
Interests: nutritional biochemistry; broiler breeders; egg production; particle physical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genetic selection to improve the productivity of farm animals is practical and applicable in the animal industry. In the case of broiler chickens, intensive genetic selection for early rapid growth over the past decades has greatly increased growth rate and feed efficiency. The overall feed conversion rate is less than 1.8, and 2 kg market weight is reached within 6 weeks. This conversion rate of current broiler strains is at least 4-fold higher than that of Leghorn layers and their unselected ancestors in the 1950s. However, this genetically driven rapid growth rate is collaterally associated with many undesirable consequences, such as a higher incidence of ascites, tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), skeletal deformities, fatty liver and kidney syndrome, obesity, necrotic enteritis, and poor reproductive performance. The severity of these defects is further exacerbated in adult breeders. Despite numerous genomic studies with annotation in molecular regulation loops, comprehensive mechanisms for cellular, physiological, and functional validation remain elusive. In other species such as layers, turkeys, and ducks, selection for a certain productive performance is also inevitably associated with undesirable defects such as TD and cardiomyopathy. In the recent decade, selection for better productivity in domestic animals has been raised to a higher plane with the issues of animal welfare. This may drive more studies to focus on the aspect linking selection to animal physiology and welfare.

Topics of this Special Issue will cover a wide range of interests, for example, the genetic effects of poultry species on animal reproduction, nutrition, immunology, physiology, pathology, and welfare.

Prof. Shuen Ei Chen
Prof. Rosemary L. Walzem
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • poultry genetic disorders
  • poultry production
  • broiler chickens

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1058 KiB  
Article
G0S2 Gene Polymorphism and Its Relationship with Carcass Traits in Chicken
by Xin Yang, Yuanrong Xian, Zhenhui Li, Zhijun Wang and Qinghua Nie
Animals 2022, 12(7), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070916 - 02 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2037
Abstract
Gene single nucleotide polymorphisms can be used as auxiliary markers in molecular breeding and are an effective method to improve production performance. G0S2 is a key gene involved in regulating fat metabolism, but little research has been conducted on this gene regarding its [...] Read more.
Gene single nucleotide polymorphisms can be used as auxiliary markers in molecular breeding and are an effective method to improve production performance. G0S2 is a key gene involved in regulating fat metabolism, but little research has been conducted on this gene regarding its role in poultry. In this study, the specialized commercial partridge chicken strain G0S2 gene was cloned and sequenced, and the relationship between the SNP sites on G0S2 and the carcass traits of chickens was investigated. The results showed that a total of seven SNPs were detected on G0S2 (g.102G > A, g.255G > A, g.349C > T, g.384A > G, g.386G > A, g.444G > A, g.556G > A). Two sites are located in the coding region and five sites are located in the 3′-UTR. SNPs located in the coding region are synonymous mutations. g.444G > A has a significant correlation with abdominal fat weight. The chickens with AG and GG genotypes have the highest abdominal fat weight, while the AA genotype is lower. The g.102G > A genotype has a significant correlation with live and abdominal fat weight. The live weight and abdominal fat weight of the chickens with AA and AG genotypes are at a higher level and have a larger gap than the GG genotype. Chickens with the AA genotype in g.556G > A had the lowest fat weight. The results of present study can provide practical information for molecular marker-assisted breeding of chicken carcass traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Selection and Associated Defects in Poultry Production)
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20 pages, 4505 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Analyses of Bone and Cartilage Transcriptomes Evince Ion Transport, Inflammation and Cartilage Development-Related Genes Involved in Chickens’ Femoral Head Separation
by Iara Goldoni, Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli, Lana Teixeira Fernandes, Jane de Oliveira Peixoto, Ludmila Mudri Hul, Maurício Egídio Cantão, João José de Simoni Gouveia and Mônica Corrêa Ledur
Animals 2022, 12(6), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12060788 - 20 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
Femoral head separation (FHS) is usually a subclinical condition characterized by the detachment of articular cartilage from the bone. In this study, a comprehensive analysis identifying shared and exclusive expression profiles, biological processes (BP) and variants related to FHS in the femoral articular [...] Read more.
Femoral head separation (FHS) is usually a subclinical condition characterized by the detachment of articular cartilage from the bone. In this study, a comprehensive analysis identifying shared and exclusive expression profiles, biological processes (BP) and variants related to FHS in the femoral articular cartilage and growth plate in chickens was performed through RNA sequencing analysis. Thirty-six differentially expressed (DE) genes were shared between femoral articular cartilage (AC) and growth plate (GP) tissues. Out of those, 23 genes were enriched in BP related to ion transport, translation factors and immune response. Seventy genes were DE exclusively in the AC and 288 in the GP. Among the BP of AC, the response against bacteria can be highlighted, and for the GP tissue, the processes related to chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage development stand out. When the chicken DE genes were compared to other datasets, eight genes (SLC4A1, RHAG, ANK1, MKNK2, SPTB, ADA, C7 and EPB420) were shared between chickens and humans. Furthermore, 89 variants, including missense in the SPATS2L, PRKAB1 and TRIM25 genes, were identified between groups. Therefore, those genes should be more explored to validate them as candidates to FHS/FHN in chickens and humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Selection and Associated Defects in Poultry Production)
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12 pages, 1760 KiB  
Article
Associations of Transcription Factor 21 Gene Polymorphisms with the Growth and Body Composition Traits in Broilers
by Linyong Shen, Jiaqiang Yu, Yaowen Ge, Hui Li, Yumao Li, Zhiping Cao, Peng Luan, Fan Xiao, Haihe Gao and Hui Zhang
Animals 2022, 12(3), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030393 - 08 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1666
Abstract
This study aims to identify molecular marker loci that could be applied in broiler breeding programs. In this study, we used public databases to locate the Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) gene that affected the economically important traits in broilers. Ten single [...] Read more.
This study aims to identify molecular marker loci that could be applied in broiler breeding programs. In this study, we used public databases to locate the Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) gene that affected the economically important traits in broilers. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the TCF21 gene by monoclonal sequencing. The polymorphisms of these 10 SNPs in the TCF21 gene were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with multiple growth and body composition traits. Furthermore, the TT genotype of g.-911T>G was identified to significantly increase the heart weight trait without affecting the negative traits, such as abdominal fat and reproduction by multiple methods. Thus, it was speculated that the g.-911T>G identified in the TCF21 gene might be used in marker-assisted selection in the broiler breeding program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Selection and Associated Defects in Poultry Production)
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18 pages, 4416 KiB  
Article
Differential Modulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on Innate Immunity of Broiler Breeder Hens
by Pao-Chia Chou, Pei-Chi Lin, Shu-Wei Wu, Chien-Kai Wang, Thau-Kiong Chung, Rosemary L. Walzem, Lih-Shiuh Lai and Shuen-Ei Chen
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1742; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061742 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3802
Abstract
Past immunological studies in broilers focused on juveniles within the rapid pre-slaughter growth period and may not reflect adult immune responses, particularly in breeders managed with chronic feed restriction (R). The study aimed to assess innate immune cell functions in respect to R [...] Read more.
Past immunological studies in broilers focused on juveniles within the rapid pre-slaughter growth period and may not reflect adult immune responses, particularly in breeders managed with chronic feed restriction (R). The study aimed to assess innate immune cell functions in respect to R vs. ad libitum (Ad) feed intake in breeder hens with and without dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) supplementation. Ad-feed intake consistently suppressed IL-1β secretion, respiratory burst, and cell livability in peripheral heterophils and/or monocytes along the feeding trial from the age of 51 to 68 weeks. Supplemental 25-OH-D3 repressed IL-1β secretion and respiratory burst of both cells mostly in R-hens, but promoted monocyte phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and bacterial killing activity in Ad-hens in accompany with relieved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation. Overnight cultures with leukocytes from R-hens confirmed the differential effects of 25-OH-D3 to rescue immune functions altered by glucose and/or palmitic acid exposure. Studies with specific inhibitors further manifested the operative mechanisms via glucolipotoxicity in a cell type- and function-dependent manner. The results concluded no predominant changes between R- vs. Ad-feed intake on leukocyte defense against pathogens despite some differential differences, but supplemental 25-OH-D3 exerts more pronounced effects in Ad-hens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Selection and Associated Defects in Poultry Production)
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