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Agronomy
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Soybean Breeding, Agronomic Practices, and Production Systems
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Soybean Breeding, Agronomic Practices, and Production Systems

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2021) | Viewed by 11106

Special Issue Editor

Dr. David Moseley

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LSU AgCenter, Dean Lee Research and Extension Center, 8105 Tom Bowman Drive, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA
Interests: soybean; breeding; diversity; adaptation; characterization; selection; agronomy; production; scouting; economics; premiums

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soybean is an important commodity that is produced across the world. Soybean crops have a diverse set of uses including animal feed, vegetable oil, biofuel, and direct human consumption. Additionally, whole soybean plants can be used as a forage crop. In addition to higher yielding varieties, soybean breeding programs have developed germplasm with abiotic and biotic stress resistance and seeds that have value-added qualities. Furthermore, soybean agronomists have developed agronomic practices that can protect the yield potential of improved varieties. There are also markets that may pay a premium for products such as organic, non-GMO, and food-grade soybean seed.

This Special Issue will focus on breeding, agronomic practices, and production of soybean. Original research, reviews, and opinion articles may be submitted. Soybean breeding topics may include areas such as new technology, trait package, genetic/gain/yield improvement, genetic selection techniques, germplasm screening for abiotic/biotic stresses, soybean seed composition, genetic diversity, and genotype by environment interactions. Soybean agronomic topics may include areas such as crop scouting techniques (including UAVs), pest management, fertility practices, crop rotation, cultural practices, growth habit, and adaptation of maturity groups. Soybean production topics may include areas such as different soybean markets (organic, non-GMO, forage, food-grade), production input/output, conservation practices, and market economics.

Dr. David Moseley
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soybean
  • breeding
  • diversity
  • adaptation
  • characterization
  • selection
  • agronomy
  • production
  • scouting
  • economics
  • premiums

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1711 KiB  
Article
Copy Number Quantification for the Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance Locus rhg1 in the Soybean Varieties of Taiwan
by Cheng-Chun Huang, Jiue-in Yang, Kuo-Lung Chou, Chen-Hsiang Lin and Hao-Xun Chang
Agronomy 2021, 11(7), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071346 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2298
Abstract
Disease resistance is one of the most successful strategies in crop protection. For example, the implementation of PI 88788 type resistance, which contains high copy numbers of Resistance to Heterodera glycines 1 (rhg1) loci, into the commercial soybean varieties of the [...] Read more.
Disease resistance is one of the most successful strategies in crop protection. For example, the implementation of PI 88788 type resistance, which contains high copy numbers of Resistance to Heterodera glycines 1 (rhg1) loci, into the commercial soybean varieties of the United States has significantly reduced the yield losses caused by soybean cyst nematode (SCN, H. glycines). Vegetable soybean, or edamame, has become a major exporting agricultural product in Taiwan with an annual revenue over $80 million USD since 2017. Several local varieties have been developed to fulfill the market needs such as the traits of flavor and sweetness. However, it remains unclear if the historical breeding programs ever incorporated rhg1 resistance into the varieties of Taiwan. This study applied the TaqMan qPCR method to measure the fluorescent signals specific to the rhg1 locus on the chromosome 18 of soybean, and the ratio of VIC and FAM signals were analyzed to predict the rhg1 copy number in the 21 soybean varieties of Taiwan. The results indicated the copy number and the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the 21 soybean varieties were identical to the susceptible soybean variety ‘Williams 82’. As importation of soybean will be continuously needed to fulfill the market and because SCN is absent in the soybean fields of Taiwan, lacking rhg1 resistance in the local soybean varieties may put the edamame industry at risk and early implementation of SCN resistance in the breeding program, alongside the application of quarantine regulations, will be the key to maintain the SCN-free status and to sustain the edamame industry in Taiwan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Breeding, Agronomic Practices, and Production Systems)
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14 pages, 2694 KiB  
Article
Effects of Nitrogen and Water Deficiency on Agronomic Properties, Root Characteristics and Expression of Related Genes in Soybean
by Borbála Hoffmann, Balázs Varga, Erzsébet Nagy, Sándor Hoffmann, Éva Darkó, Judit Tajti and Tibor Janda
Agronomy 2021, 11(7), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071329 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
Drought and insufficient nutrient supply are the main limiting factors for field crop production; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the responses of four registered soybean varieties to limited nitrogen (N) supply in combination with drought stress. Plants were grown in tubes [...] Read more.
Drought and insufficient nutrient supply are the main limiting factors for field crop production; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the responses of four registered soybean varieties to limited nitrogen (N) supply in combination with drought stress. Plants were grown in tubes filled with silica sand, under open-air conditions. Water shortage was initiated at the three-leaf stage by providing 50% of water, and N deficiency was obtained by reducing the N content of the half-strength Hoagland solution by 50%. N deficiency did not influence the grain yield, while it significantly increased the root dry biomass in Boglár and Pannónia Kincse. Compared with nitrogen supply, the effects of the water shortage were dominant in root development. The expression levels of the investigated genes also showed genotypic variations. The expression of the Inducible nitrate reductase1 gene increased under N-deficient conditions in Boglár and decreased in Pannónia Kincse under drought conditions. The expression level of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and abscisic acid 8’-hydroxylase 3 increased under combined stress conditions. Summarising the agronomic and physiological characteristics, Boglár and Sinara were sensitive to drought, Bagera was sensitive to N deficiency but produced the highest yield under limited watering in each nitrogen treatment, while Pannónia Kincse was tolerant to nitrogen deficiency under well-watered conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Breeding, Agronomic Practices, and Production Systems)
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11 pages, 650 KiB  
Article
Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield
by Peder K. Schmitz and Hans J. Kandel
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030605 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2655
Abstract
Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic [...] Read more.
Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Breeding, Agronomic Practices, and Production Systems)
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18 pages, 1181 KiB  
Article
Morphophysiology, Productivity and Quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Merlin in Response to Row Spacing and Seeding Systems
by Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek, Jan Buczek, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro, Ewa Szpunar-Krok, Renata Tobiasz-Salach and Wacław Jarecki
Agronomy 2021, 11(2), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020403 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
The appropriate row spacing and sowing density of soybeans are the basic non-input and pro-environmental agrotechnical factors. The optimal spacing of plants in the field can be crucial in terms of reducing competition between plants for water, nutrients and light, which is particularly [...] Read more.
The appropriate row spacing and sowing density of soybeans are the basic non-input and pro-environmental agrotechnical factors. The optimal spacing of plants in the field can be crucial in terms of reducing competition between plants for water, nutrients and light, which is particularly important for photosynthesis and maximizes the use of environmental resources. The field experiment was carried out in the years 2017–2019 at the Experimental Station for Cultivar Assessment in Przecław, Poland, on Merlin cv. soybean plants. The experimental factors were: row spacing of 15 and 30 cm and the sowing density of 70, 90 and 110 pcs. m−2. During the research, the influence of row spacing and sowing density on yielding, seed quality, plant morphological features, nodulation and physiological processes in plants was assessed. The obtained soybean seed yield was not influenced by the experimental factors, but only by the weather conditions prevailing in the research years. The smaller row spacing and sowing density of 15/70 and 30/70 resulted in an increase in the parameters of the yield structure, the number and dry weight of root nodules, as well as the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and PI). Greater plant density per area unit resulted in low yield structure parameters, lower number and dry weight of nodules, poorer parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and higher protein content in seeds. With the increased sowing density, the plants were higher, the 1st. pod was placed higher and an LAI value was also higher. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soybean Breeding, Agronomic Practices, and Production Systems)
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