Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Control Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 9831

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: robot control; robotics; nonlinear systems; servo motion control; fault detection; fault tolerant control

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Interests: intelligent fault diagnosis; fault tolerant control; helicopters; satellites; high-speed trains
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: fault-tolerant control; robust control; adaptive control; security of cyber-physical systems
College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
Interests: cyber-physical systems; secure state estimation/distributed secure state estimation; vulnerability analysis; attack/fault detection; event-triggered control/adaptive control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) monitor and regulate physical plants through advanced information technologies including computation, communication and control. With the construction of CPSs in power systems, aerospace, robotics and many other fields, human production and life have been greatly transformed. However, the integration of the information world and physical world brings new safety challenges in the sensor–controller–actuator process of CPSs. Different from traditional control systems, whose safety is mainly threatened by physical faults, CPSs will also compromise cyber-attacks. In particular, intelligent cyber-attacks can lead to more complex destruction under the guise of physical faults. From the viewpoint of control technologies, recent studies have presented many effective approaches to diagnose and attenuate the special faults and attacks in the sensor–controller–actuator process of CPSs. This Special Issue is expected to present advanced control technologies for dealing with more intelligent cyber-attacks, more complex physical faults and their coupling influences in CPSs.

This Special Issue will include, but not limited to, the following topics related to CPSs:

  • Fault-tolerant control in CPSs;
  • Fault detection and isolation in CPSs;
  • Analysis for attack behaviors;
  • Secure state estimation and control in CPSs;
  • Attack detection and identification in CPSs;
  • Secure consensus of multi-agent systems;
  • Robotic system safety;
  • Power system safety and optimization;
  • Transportation system safety.

Prof. Dr. Guanghong Yang
Prof. Dr. Bin Jiang
Prof. Dr. Dan Ye
Dr. Anyang Lu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4068 KiB  
Article
Research on Secure State Estimation and Recovery Control for CPS under Stealthy Attacks
by Biao Yang, Liang Xin and Zhiqiang Long
Actuators 2023, 12(11), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12110427 - 17 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1091
Abstract
As the application of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) becomes more and more widespread, its security is becoming a focus of attention. Currently, there has been much research on the security defense of the physical layer of the CPS. However, most of the research only [...] Read more.
As the application of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) becomes more and more widespread, its security is becoming a focus of attention. Currently, there has been much research on the security defense of the physical layer of the CPS. However, most of the research only focuses on one of the aspects, for example, attack detection, security state estimation, or recovery control. Obviously, the effectiveness of security defense targeting only one aspect is limited. Therefore, in this paper, a set of security defense processes is proposed for the case that a CPS containing multiple sensors is subject to three kinds of stealthy attacks (i.e., zero-dynamics attack, covert attack, and replay attack). Firstly, the existing attack detection method based on improved residuals is used to detect stealthy attacks. Secondly, based on the detection results, an optimal state estimation method based on improved Kalman filtering is proposed to estimate the actual state of the system. Then, based on the optimal state, internal model control (IMC) is introduced to complete the recovery control of the system. Finally, the proposed methods are integrated to give a complete security defense process, and the simulation is verified for three kinds of stealthy attacks. The simulation results show that the proposed methods are effective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems)
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22 pages, 877 KiB  
Article
Observer-Based Active Control Strategy for Networked Switched Systems against Two-Channel Asynchronous DoS Attacks
by Jiayuan Yin and Anyang Lu
Actuators 2023, 12(8), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12080335 - 20 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1039
Abstract
This paper addresses the security issue of networked switched systems under two-channel asynchronous denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, where the measurement channel and the control channel are subject to DoS attacks independently. For the case of partial-state measurements, an observer-based active control strategy is proposed [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the security issue of networked switched systems under two-channel asynchronous denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, where the measurement channel and the control channel are subject to DoS attacks independently. For the case of partial-state measurements, an observer-based active control strategy is proposed to mitigate the negative impact on the control performance and stability of the system caused by the attacks. In this strategy, a novel mode-dependent finite-time observer is designed to estimate the system state rapidly and accurately, the predictor and the buffer are designed to ensure that the control signals transmitted to the actuator can be updated even when the control channel is blocked. Compared to the earlier results on the active control strategy that only consider the case of full-state measurements and assume that the DoS signals followed specific patterns, our work only limits the frequency and duration of the DoS signals, which is more general and challenging. Furthermore, the switching signal is designed to ensure the input-to-state stability (ISS) of the networked switched system with the active control strategy under two-channel asynchronous DoS attacks and asynchronous switching behaviors. Finally, the effectiveness and the merits of our work are validated through an example and a comparative experiment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems)
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19 pages, 433 KiB  
Article
Fault Detection and Reliable Controller Design for Fractional-Order Systems Based on Dynamic Observer
by He Li, Jie Li, Chao Deng and Yuanxin Li
Actuators 2023, 12(6), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12060255 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 872
Abstract
In this paper, the problem of the fractional-order linear systems’ simultaneous fault detection and reliable control (SFDC) in the finite frequency domain is investigated. A dynamic observer aimed at detecting faults is designed, which also generates state estimation signals. In particular, it is [...] Read more.
In this paper, the problem of the fractional-order linear systems’ simultaneous fault detection and reliable control (SFDC) in the finite frequency domain is investigated. A dynamic observer aimed at detecting faults is designed, which also generates state estimation signals. In particular, it is found that the proposed dynamic-observer-based controller can achieve a better H performance. We derived the detector and controller’s design conditions to achieve H fault sensitivity performance and H interference attenuation performance in the limited frequency domain based on the generalized KYP lemma, which can achieve a better disturbance attenuation performance and fault sensitivity performance. Finally, the simulation results show the designed method’s effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems)
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17 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Sliding-Mode Path-Following Control of Cart-Pendulum Robots with False Data Injection Attacks
by Jiadong Liu, Xiaozheng Jin, Chao Deng and Weiwei Che
Actuators 2023, 12(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12010024 - 05 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1176
Abstract
This paper addresses the displacement path-following problem for a class of disturbed cart-pendulum systems under the fake data injection (FDI) actuator attacks. A filter operator is proposed to estimate the weight vector caused by unknown attacks and disturbances, so that the actuator attacks [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the displacement path-following problem for a class of disturbed cart-pendulum systems under the fake data injection (FDI) actuator attacks. A filter operator is proposed to estimate the weight vector caused by unknown attacks and disturbances, so that the actuator attacks can be parameterized using neural networks. Then, combined with filter signals and based on adaptive neural network and integral sliding-mode techniques, robust path-following control schemes are proposed to withdraw the impacts of disturbances and FDI attacks. The uniformly ultimately bounded stability results of the closed-loop cart-pendulum system with neural network weight estimations and sliding functions are achieved based on Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, a simulation model of a material robot is used to verify the proposed control strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems)
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18 pages, 2747 KiB  
Article
Online Fault Detection for Four Wheeled Skid Steered UGV Using Neural Network
by Youngwoo An and Yongsoon Eun
Actuators 2022, 11(11), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11110307 - 26 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1427
Abstract
This paper proposes a neural network-based actuator fault detection scheme for four-wheeled skid-steered unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). The neural network approach is first validated on vehicle dynamics simulations. Then, it is tailored for the experimental setup. Experiments involve a motion tracking system, Husarion [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a neural network-based actuator fault detection scheme for four-wheeled skid-steered unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). The neural network approach is first validated on vehicle dynamics simulations. Then, it is tailored for the experimental setup. Experiments involve a motion tracking system, Husarion Rosbot 2.0 UGV with associated network control systems. For experimental work, the disturbance is intentionally induced by augmenting wheels with a bump. Network size optimization is also carried out so that computing resource is saved without degrading detecting accuracy too much. The resulting network exhibit fault detection and isolation accuracy over 97% of the test data. A scenario is experimentally illustrated where a fault occurs, is detected, and tracking control is modified to continue operation in the presence of an actuator fault. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems)
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17 pages, 609 KiB  
Communication
Fault-Tolerant Control of Linear Systems with Unmatched Uncertainties Based on Integral Sliding Mode Technique
by Li-Ying Hao and Lian-Sheng Zhou
Actuators 2022, 11(8), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11080241 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1327
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant control method based on the integral sliding mode technique for unmatched uncertain linear systems with external perturbations. Differently from the existing works, the uncertainties under consideration have an unmatched norm-bounded form in the system and input matrix. [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant control method based on the integral sliding mode technique for unmatched uncertain linear systems with external perturbations. Differently from the existing works, the uncertainties under consideration have an unmatched norm-bounded form in the system and input matrix. Based on linear matrix inequalities, the existence conditions of the sliding mode surface are presented. The unknown fault information is then estimated by some adaptive laws. On the grounds of that, an integral sliding mode controller is also obtained to guarantee the disturbance attenuation and fault tolerance for linear uncertain systems with unmatched uncertainties and actuator faults from the initial time. Finally, the comparative simulation results verify the effectiveness of our presented scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems)
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11 pages, 400 KiB  
Article
Data-Based Security Fault Tolerant Iterative Learning Control under Denial-of-Service Attacks
by Zengwei Li, Changren Zhou, Weiwei Che, Chao Deng and Xiaozheng Jin
Actuators 2022, 11(7), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11070178 - 26 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1715
Abstract
This paper mainly studies the data-based security fault tolerant iterative learning control (SFTILC) problem of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) under sensor failures and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Firstly, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to approximate the sensor failure function [...] Read more.
This paper mainly studies the data-based security fault tolerant iterative learning control (SFTILC) problem of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) under sensor failures and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Firstly, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to approximate the sensor failure function and a DoS attack compensation mechanism is proposed in the iterative domain to lessen the impact of DoS attacks. Then, using the dynamic linearization technology, the nonlinear system considering failures and network attacks is transformed into a linear data model. Further, based on the designed linearization model, a new data-based SFTILC algorithm is designed to ensure the satisfactory tracking performance of the system. This process only uses the input and output data of the system, and the stability of the system is proved by using the compression mapping principle. Finally, a digital simulation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SFTILC algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Actuator Attacks of Cyber-Physical Systems)
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