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Gases
Volume 1
Issue 3
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Gases, Volume 1, Issue 3 (September 2021) – 2 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): An experimental microwave-induced plasma gasification has five distinct sections: the power supply and the microwave source, the wave propagation section, the plasma reactor, the carrier gas/feedstock inputs, and data collection equipment. Microwaves are generated by a magnetron that operates at a specific frequency and power setting. A waveguide transports the electromagnetic energy created by the magnetron to the reactor. A three-stub tuner improves efficiency by maximizing the electric field from the point of generation to the reactor, substantially reducing reflected power within the system. An isolator assists in protecting the magnetron from damage that can be caused by reflected microwaves. The feedstock and various carrier gases are introduced to the plasma reactor for conversion into syngas. View this paper
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8 pages, 935 KiB  
Article
Modulational Instability of Ion-Acoustic Waves and Associated Envelope Solitons in a Multi-Component Plasma
by Subrata Banik, Nadiya Mehzabeen Heera, Tasfia Yeashna, Md. Rakib Hassan, Rubaiya Khondoker Shikha, Nure Alam Chowdhury, Abdul Mannan and A A Mamun
Gases 2021, 1(3), 148-155; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases1030012 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3323
Abstract
A generalized plasma model with inertial warm ions, inertialess iso-thermal electrons, super-thermal electrons and positrons is considered to theoretically investigate the modulational instability (MI) of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs). A standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived by applying the reductive perturbation method. It is [...] Read more.
A generalized plasma model with inertial warm ions, inertialess iso-thermal electrons, super-thermal electrons and positrons is considered to theoretically investigate the modulational instability (MI) of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs). A standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived by applying the reductive perturbation method. It is observed that the stable domain of the IAWs decreases with ion temperature but increases with electron temperature. It is also found that the stable domain increases by increasing (decreasing) the electron (ion) number density. The present results will be useful in understanding the conditions for MI of IAWs which are relevant to both space and laboratory plasmas. Full article
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15 pages, 862 KiB  
Review
CFD Modeling of a Lab-Scale Microwave Plasma Reactor for Waste-to-Energy Applications: A Review
by Owen Sedej and Eric Mbonimpa
Gases 2021, 1(3), 133-147; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases1030011 - 24 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4989
Abstract
Rapidly increasing solid waste generation and energy demand are two critical issues of the current century. Plasma gasification, a type of waste-to-energy (WtE) technology, has the potential to produce clean energy from waste and safely destroy hazardous waste. Among plasma gasification technologies, microwave [...] Read more.
Rapidly increasing solid waste generation and energy demand are two critical issues of the current century. Plasma gasification, a type of waste-to-energy (WtE) technology, has the potential to produce clean energy from waste and safely destroy hazardous waste. Among plasma gasification technologies, microwave (MW)-driven plasma offers numerous potential advantages to be scaled as a leading WtE technology if its processes are well understood and optimized. This paper reviews studies on modeling experimental microwave-induced plasma gasification systems. The system characterization requires developing mathematical models to describe the multiphysics phenomena within the reactor. The injection of plasma-forming gases and carrier gases, the rate of the waste stream, and the operational power heavily influence the initiation of various chemical reactions that produce syngas. The type and kinetics of the chemical reactions taking place are primarily influenced by either the turbulence or temperature. Navier–Stokes equations are used to describe the mass, momentum, and energy transfer, and the k-epsilon model is often used to describe the turbulence within the reactor. Computational fluid dynamics software offers the ability to solve these multiphysics mathematical models efficiently and accurately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alternative Fuels, Energy and Environment)
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