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9 pages, 7977 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Impregnated Sheep Wool Fibers with an Antimicrobial Effect

by Simona-Bianca Ghimiș, Andreea-Luiza Mîrț, Alexandru Vlaicu, Emilian Zaharia, Mariana Mihaela Bomboş and Gabriel Vasilievici

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013001 - 29 Aug 2023

Viewed by 727

Abstract

This study proposed an approach for the enhancement of coarse wool from a Romanian sheep breed—Țurcana—for its utilization as a sustainable and efficient thermal insulation material. The process involved washing with a non-polar solvent, to eliminate lanoline and impurities from the [...] Read more.

This study proposed an approach for the enhancement of coarse wool from a Romanian sheep breed—Țurcana—for its utilization as a sustainable and efficient thermal insulation material. The process involved washing with a non-polar solvent, to eliminate lanoline and impurities from the raw sheep wool, followed by an impregnation with a binder, dolomite, and copper nanoparticles. The structural and elemental changes were analyzed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The antimicrobial effects of copper nanoparticles were analyzed on two bacterial strains. The proposed enhancement process creates a barrier against harmful biodeterioration activities by bacteria. Full article

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9 pages, 2644 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Portable Electrochemical System for the Monitoring of Biogenic Amines in Soil as Indicators in Assessment of the Stress in Plant

by Lucian-Gabriel Zamfir, Maria Lorena Jinga, Roxana Tulea, Gaudențiu Vărzaru, Mariana Constantin, Iuliana Răut, Cristina Firincă, Maria-Luiza Jecu, Mihaela Doni and Ana-Maria Gurban

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013002 - 29 Aug 2023

Viewed by 2351

Abstract

Highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors for biogenic amine (BA) detection were developed using commercial screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with a nanomaterial based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and redox mediator, Prussian Blue (PB) and amine oxidase enzymes. The nanocomposite material enables an enhancement of [...] Read more.

Highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors for biogenic amine (BA) detection were developed using commercial screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with a nanomaterial based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and redox mediator, Prussian Blue (PB) and amine oxidase enzymes. The nanocomposite material enables an enhancement of the analytical performances for hydrogen peroxide detection, which represents the byproduct of the enzymatic oxidation of the BAs. The developed biosensors were integrated with a miniaturized potentiostate and a wireless data transfer interface in a portable system. The system was used for the detection of polyamines in soil solutions collected with a low-volume suction lysimeter. Full article

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7 pages, 1167 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of the Tensioactive Properties of Sodium Lignosulphonate Obtained from Spent Sulfite Liquor

by Maria Antonia Tănase, Bogdan Trică, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013003 - 29 Aug 2023

Viewed by 592

Abstract

Sodium lignosulphonate (NaLS) from spent sulfite liquor was purified by ultrafiltration, and the structure was confirmed by FTIR analysis. NaLS decreases water surface tension from 72.44 mN/m to 65.36 mN/m when its concentration increases from 0% to 1%. The critical aggregation concentration was [...] Read more.

Sodium lignosulphonate (NaLS) from spent sulfite liquor was purified by ultrafiltration, and the structure was confirmed by FTIR analysis. NaLS decreases water surface tension from 72.44 mN/m to 65.36 mN/m when its concentration increases from 0% to 1%. The critical aggregation concentration was determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and a value of 0.035% was obtained. NaLS (0.1%) was used as a cosurfactant in an oil-in-water emulsion prepared by a phase inversion method to encapsulate thyme essential oil. The formulation was stable for 24 h, with a droplet size of 154 nm and a polydispersity index value of 0.12. Full article

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9 pages, 3141 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

XRD Studies of the Morphological Changes Generated by Interface Agents for Obtaining New Scalable Sustainable Blends Based on Starch and PCL

by Alina Mustatea, Roxana Trusca, Bogdan Trica and Doina Dimonie

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013004 - 31 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1075

Abstract

The starch–PCL blends are important from a practical point of view. Due to the hydrophobic nature of PCL, its blends with starch are immiscible. Therefore, these blends must be compatibilized to control the interface’s properties and the thermodynamic stability over time. A physical [...] Read more.

The starch–PCL blends are important from a practical point of view. Due to the hydrophobic nature of PCL, its blends with starch are immiscible. Therefore, these blends must be compatibilized to control the interface’s properties and the thermodynamic stability over time. A physical compatibilization solution, easier to scale up in industrial conditions, was attempted. The results showed better compatibility between the two tested polymers because of the grafted olefin polymer that eliminates the net difference between the in-contact phases, by creating an interface area, strengthening the multicomponent system and reducing the morphological defects as voids. Full article

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9 pages, 2193 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Techno-Economic Analysis for the Coating of Seeds with Sodium Alginate Plasticized by Glycerol Using the Wurster Fluid-Bed Bottom Spray Process

by Bogdan Trică, Alin Enache and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013005 - 07 Sep 2023

Viewed by 634

Abstract

The seed coating with sodium alginate plasticized by glycerol was simulated in batch mode using SuperPro Designer 10. The effect of changing certain inputs such as the seed size, film thickness, and the price of the seeds on the capital and operating costs [...] Read more.

The seed coating with sodium alginate plasticized by glycerol was simulated in batch mode using SuperPro Designer 10. The effect of changing certain inputs such as the seed size, film thickness, and the price of the seeds on the capital and operating costs was estimated. The process simulation predicts capital costs of EUR 250,000 and annual operating costs of EUR 730,000 for producing 1788 batches of 50 kg of coated seeds with a coating thickness of 50 µm for seeds with a diameter of 6 mm at an initial purchasing price of 5 EUR/kg. The annual operating time is considered to be 8000 h. Full article

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8 pages, 457 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quince Pomace: A Source of Fiber Products and Polyphenols

by Luminița Dimitriu, Daniel Preda, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013006 - 08 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 699

Abstract

Quince fruits are used to make jams, jellies, and juices, resulting in by-products like seeds, pulp, and skin. These by-products contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which offer potential health benefits. Utilizing these by-products to produce fiber-enriched powders and [...] Read more.

Quince fruits are used to make jams, jellies, and juices, resulting in by-products like seeds, pulp, and skin. These by-products contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which offer potential health benefits. Utilizing these by-products to produce fiber-enriched powders and polyphenol-enriched extracts can yield valuable nutrient-rich biomass and reduce waste. This study aimed to assess the potential of quince pomace for producing fiber-enriched powders and polyphenol-enriched extracts, for which this substance’s chemical composition, properties, and antioxidant activity were examined. Extraction with water or ethanol was employed, and the polyphenol content in the supernatant was analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Full article

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8 pages, 1384 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Standard Water Kefir

by Ecaterina-Andreea Constantin, Ioana Popa-Tudor, Florentina Matei, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013007 - 11 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1127

Abstract

This study focuses on the polyphenol levels and antioxidant activity in the water kefir beverage after 72 and 96 h of fermentation. The exopolysaccharides (dextran) were extracted from water kefir granules and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Increasing the fermentation time induced [...] Read more.

This study focuses on the polyphenol levels and antioxidant activity in the water kefir beverage after 72 and 96 h of fermentation. The exopolysaccharides (dextran) were extracted from water kefir granules and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Increasing the fermentation time induced a significant increase both in polyphenol content, with more than 100% for each of the polyphenol classes investigated, and in antioxidant activity. The kefir grain accumulated higher levels of dextran. The tribiotic characteristics of water kefir, determined by the combination of prebiotics (polyphenols and polysaccharides) with probiotics and bioactive microbial metabolites, are enhanced after 96 h of fermentation. Full article

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7 pages, 1864 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Techno-Economic Analysis of the Purification/Concentration of Sodium Lignosulfonate Using Membranary and Thermal Processes

by Bogdan Trică, Mihai Sârbu and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013008 - 11 Sep 2023

Viewed by 653

Abstract

Sodium lignosulfonate produced in the wood-pulping sulfite process is a valuable side-product of the pulp and paper industry. Its value can be greatly increased via processing to reduce its water content, and increase its purity with respect to other compounds, such as sodium [...] Read more.

Sodium lignosulfonate produced in the wood-pulping sulfite process is a valuable side-product of the pulp and paper industry. Its value can be greatly increased via processing to reduce its water content, and increase its purity with respect to other compounds, such as sodium sulfite and hemicellulose, which could also be valorized subsequently. In this proceeding paper, SuperPro Designer 10 is used to evaluate the theoretical capital and operating costs for using both membranary and thermal processes, with a focus on the product yield and carbon footprint estimations. Full article

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8 pages, 2251 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Recovery of Lignin from Reed Using Solid-DES Extraction (SDESE)

by Ioana Popa-Tudor, Mălina Deșliu-Avram, Lucian Vlădulescu, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013009 - 26 Oct 2023

Viewed by 676

Abstract

The current work presents a sustainable, environmentally friendly method for lignin extraction by applying deep eutectic solvents (DES), which are biodegradable. The Solid-DES extraction (SDESE) method of recovering lignin from reeds is presented. DES based on betaine hydrochloride and lactic acid (BeHCl, LA) [...] Read more.

The current work presents a sustainable, environmentally friendly method for lignin extraction by applying deep eutectic solvents (DES), which are biodegradable. The Solid-DES extraction (SDESE) method of recovering lignin from reeds is presented. DES based on betaine hydrochloride and lactic acid (BeHCl, LA) was prepared and applied in SDESE at a ratio of 1:20 wt %. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the materials. The DES-extracted lignin (DEL) from the reeds exhibited an interesting structure due to the rearrangement of syringyl, guaiacyl, and parahydroxyphenyl units that occurred as a result of DES breaking the initial raw material structure. Full article

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7 pages, 277 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Optimization and Validation of the Method for the Determination of Micronutrients in Organic Fertilizers by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

by Luiza Capră, Rusăndica Stoica, Georgeta-Ramona Ivan, Ioana-Raluca Șuică-Bunghez and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013010 - 27 Oct 2023

Viewed by 689

Abstract

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analytical method was optimized to determine the micronutrient concentrations from the fertilizers used as inputs in organic farming. The calibration curves showed good linearity for all elements (R² > 0.999). Recoveries were in the range [...] Read more.

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analytical method was optimized to determine the micronutrient concentrations from the fertilizers used as inputs in organic farming. The calibration curves showed good linearity for all elements (R² > 0.999). Recoveries were in the range of 94.9–97.9%. The values of extended uncertainty with a probability of 95% (k = 2) for the liquid organic fertilizer samples were between 0.004% for Mo and 0.12% for Fe. The results have shown good accuracy and reproducibility, and the optimized method was validated. Full article

7 pages, 1678 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Microwave and Ultrasound Process Intensification on the Antioxidant Activity of Pectin Extracted from Grape Marc

by Mariana Patrascu, Sylviu Kumbakisaka and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013011 - 06 Nov 2023

Viewed by 431

Abstract

This work investigates the effect of a sequential extraction process, a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction, on the antioxidant activities of pectin extracted from grape pomace. Our results demonstrated the enhancement of antioxidant activity due to the extraction conditions which reduce [...] Read more.

This work investigates the effect of a sequential extraction process, a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction, on the antioxidant activities of pectin extracted from grape pomace. Our results demonstrated the enhancement of antioxidant activity due to the extraction conditions which reduce pectin hydrolysis. Higher antioxidant activity promotes the innovative application of the pectin extracted from grape marc for seed treatment as a film-forming ingredient with a biostimulant function. Full article

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7 pages, 15692 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Chitosan–Nanolignin Aerogel with Microneedles-Based Architecture Obtained from Spent Sulfite Liquor

by Ștefan-Ovidiu Dima, Naomi Tritean, Luiza Capră, Bogdan Trică, Mihai Sârbu and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013012 - 07 Nov 2023

Viewed by 547

Abstract

Sulfite liquor is the by-product of wood chips treatment. An alternative method for recovering the carbonaceous components from sulfite liquor was investigated. A 3% CS suspension surprisingly incorporated almost all the carbon–sulfite phase in an aerogel system rising up at the surface of [...] Read more.

Sulfite liquor is the by-product of wood chips treatment. An alternative method for recovering the carbonaceous components from sulfite liquor was investigated. A 3% CS suspension surprisingly incorporated almost all the carbon–sulfite phase in an aerogel system rising up at the surface of a beige liquid phase. The resulting solid and liquid phases were analytically characterized usingTEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, ICP-OES, and UV-Vis methods, respectively. The TEM-EDX analysis revealed nanoparticles and microneedles with high C, O, Na, and S contents ionotropically adsorbed by CS, with this new hybrid material appearing as a biopolymer–carbon–metal nanocomposite aerogel with potential adsorbent, catalytic, and/or semiconductive properties. Full article

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7 pages, 1919 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Influence of Calcium–Sodium Ion Exchange in the Rheometry of Sodium Alginate-Based Hydrogel

by Marius Ghiurea, Naomi Tritean, Ştefan-Ovidiu Dima, Bogdan Trică, Ioana Hosu and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013013 - 07 Nov 2023

Viewed by 602

Abstract

This work proposes a process for a bio-based hydrogel suitable for 3D-printing formulation. The components of the hydrogel are sodium alginate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and calcium sulfate. Changes in the rheology of hydrogels based on alginate cross-linked with calcium released from calcium sulfate are [...] Read more.

This work proposes a process for a bio-based hydrogel suitable for 3D-printing formulation. The components of the hydrogel are sodium alginate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and calcium sulfate. Changes in the rheology of hydrogels based on alginate cross-linked with calcium released from calcium sulfate are reported for further use in 3D printing. The effect of the total or partial reaction of the compounds on the microscopic morphology and, consequently, on the rheometric behavior is studied. Full article

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7 pages, 2101 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

NPK Fertilizer Formulation on a Custom-Made Rotating Pan Granulator for Agricultural Applications

by Victor Alexandru Faraon, Constantin Neamțu, Luiza Capră, Gabriel Vasilievici, Marius Ghiurea, Laurențiu Moldovan, Răzvan Taraș, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013014 - 07 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1086

Abstract

Fertilizers with nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) were formulated using a custom-made rotary pan granulator. The granules were characterized by analysis of their composition, specific surface and porosity (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, BET analysis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Using the [...] Read more.

Fertilizers with nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) were formulated using a custom-made rotary pan granulator. The granules were characterized by analysis of their composition, specific surface and porosity (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, BET analysis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Using the rotary pan granulator led to the formation of the intended NPK fertilizer granules. The most used for soil treatment, the 2–4 mm diameter granules, were separated, and the granules with smaller or higher dimensions were re-introduced to the process. Full article

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8 pages, 939 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignin from Residual Red Liquor

by Alexandru Vlaicu, Andreea-Luiza Mîrț, Grigore Psenovschi, Mihai Sârbu, Robert Stoian and Gabriel Vasilievici

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013015 - 16 Nov 2023

Viewed by 508

Abstract

The valorization potential of lignin-rich residual red liquor, derived from wood processing for cellulose manufacturing, was investigated through two distinct experimental pathways: a slow pyrolysis and a catalytic pyrolysis process. The biochar quality and pyrolysis oil composition obtained after each process were studied [...] Read more.

The valorization potential of lignin-rich residual red liquor, derived from wood processing for cellulose manufacturing, was investigated through two distinct experimental pathways: a slow pyrolysis and a catalytic pyrolysis process. The biochar quality and pyrolysis oil composition obtained after each process were studied and compared. A nickel-based alumina-supported catalyst was proposed for the catalytic pyrolysis process, highlighting a capacity for deoxygenating aromatic compounds present in the pyrolysis oil, favoring the formation of furan and alkylated benzene compounds. On the other hand, the use of a catalytic process led to a decrease in surface area for the obtained biochar. Full article

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4 pages, 1811 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Studies on Biosurfactant Production by Two Pseudomonas Species Using Substrates from Agro-Food Industry

by Roxana Mădălina Stoica, Mișu Moscovici, Sultana Niță, Cristina Bâzdoacă, Elena Simina Lakatos and Lucian Ionel Cioca

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013016 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1305

Abstract

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules produced by various microorganisms, with potential applications in different industries or processes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of food (whey) and industrial (corn extract) by-products to be used as single sources of nutrients for microbial surfactants [...] Read more.

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules produced by various microorganisms, with potential applications in different industries or processes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of food (whey) and industrial (corn extract) by-products to be used as single sources of nutrients for microbial surfactants production by two Pseudomonas strains. The supernatants obtained at the end of the bioprocess were used to form emulsions with heptane, octane, and sunflower oil, in order to determine the emulsification index. Good results were obtained with both Pseudomonas sp., the biggest values of the emulsification index being obtained with Pseudomonas putida ICCF 391 strain, followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens ICCF 392. Full article

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6 pages, 1110 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Biogas Production Using “Gas Endeavour” Automatic Gas Flow System

by Grigore Psenovschi, Alin Cristian Nicolae Vintila, Constantin Neamtu, Alexandru Vlaicu, Luiza Capra, Marinela Dumitru and Cristina-Emanuela Enascuta

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013017 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 417

Abstract

In recent years, there have been growing concerns about finding alternatives to fossil fuels, and biomass could be one of them. To ensure the production of biogas as one of the alternative sources, the development of anaerobic digestion technologies for agricultural and animal [...] Read more.

In recent years, there have been growing concerns about finding alternatives to fossil fuels, and biomass could be one of them. To ensure the production of biogas as one of the alternative sources, the development of anaerobic digestion technologies for agricultural and animal waste is one of the promising directions. In this work, the process of biogas production from different types of solid substrates and microalgae was studied using an automatic gas flow measurement system. The biogas flow rate was monitored throughout the process. In order to use the digestate resulting from biogas production as a soil improver, the content of macroelements was analyzed. Full article

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7 pages, 10027 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Calcium Silicate (CaSiO₃) Scaffolds with Applications in Tissue Engineering

by Andreia Cucuruz, Cristina Daniela Ghițulică, Georgeta Voicu, Cătălina Alexandra Bogdan and Vasilica Dochiu

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013018 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 518

Abstract

The present work focused on the synthesis and characterization of scaffold type biomaterials based on calcium silicate doped with magnesium ions for bone regeneration with potential applications in tissue engineering. Starting from the idea that calcium silicate, with a scaffold type structure, presents [...] Read more.

The present work focused on the synthesis and characterization of scaffold type biomaterials based on calcium silicate doped with magnesium ions for bone regeneration with potential applications in tissue engineering. Starting from the idea that calcium silicate, with a scaffold type structure, presents relatively weak mechanical properties and a fast degradation rate, it was considered to dope it with magnesium ions to obtain materials with improved properties from mechanical and biological points of view, which can be an alternative to the classical methods of bone regeneration. Magnesium was selected because it plays an important role in the human body, maintaining bone health, and even more it promotes the process of osteogenesis. Therefore, in this study, scaffolds based on calcium silicate doped with magnesium ions were obtained by replicating a polymer sponge. Full article

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6 pages, 2014 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

New Catalytic Systems Used for Wastewater Treatment

by Cristina-Emanuela Enascuta, Elena-Emilia Sirbu, Radu Claudiu Fierascu, Diana Pasarin, Andra-Ionela Ghizdareanu, Grigore Psenovschi and Mihaela Ganciarov

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013019 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 504

Abstract

Annually, considerable amounts of polluted water are produced due to industrialization based on processing in various industries. The purpose of this study refers to a process of obtaining a photocatalytic system with a structure of metal oxides in the field of ultrasound, used [...] Read more.

Annually, considerable amounts of polluted water are produced due to industrialization based on processing in various industries. The purpose of this study refers to a process of obtaining a photocatalytic system with a structure of metal oxides in the field of ultrasound, used in the advanced treatment of wastewater resulting from the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. These photocatalytic systems allow wastewater to be treated in a relatively short time, being quickly recovered and reused repeatedly. To quantify the efficiency of the photocatalyst in treating wastewater, experiments were carried out in the presence of sunlight, in the absence and presence of the photocatalyst, with a methylene blue solution. Full article

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12 pages, 3708 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Combined Alkaline and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Eggshell Membranes for Obtaining Ingredients for Food and Cosmetic Applications

by Diana Pasarin, Cristina Emanuela Enascuta, Cristian Enache-Preoteasa, Catalin Bogdan Matei and Andra-Ionela Ghizdareanu

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013020 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 778

Abstract

This study investigated the combined alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis of eggshell membranes for obtaining ingredients for food and cosmetic applications. 1.25 N NaOH and Alcalase 2.4 L protease were used for eggshell membrane hydrolysis. The characterization of the hydrolysates consisted of the determination [...] Read more.

This study investigated the combined alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis of eggshell membranes for obtaining ingredients for food and cosmetic applications. 1.25 N NaOH and Alcalase 2.4 L protease were used for eggshell membrane hydrolysis. The characterization of the hydrolysates consisted of the determination of the degree of hydrolysis, oligopeptides, and free amino acids obtained through eggshell membrane hydrolysis. The degree of hydrolysis was 14.23%. Analytical techniques such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, and FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of oligopeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids, including alanine, lysine/glutamine, glutamic acid, histidine, proline, valine, hydroxyproline, and phenylalanine. Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated protein fractions within the molecular weight range of approximately 14 kDa to 70 kDa in all samples. Full article

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5 pages, 1516 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Impact on Indoor Air of Multifunctional Materials Made with Animal Waste and Agro-Industrial By-Products

by Vasilica Vasile, Irina Popa, Cristian Petcu, Alina Dima and Mihaela Ion

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013021 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 532

Abstract

One severe public health problem globally is air pollution, as exposure to air pollutants threatens the health of people everywhere in the world. Agriculture generates waste, the improper disposal of such waste producing adverse environmental effects like air pollution, etc. In this context, [...] Read more.

One severe public health problem globally is air pollution, as exposure to air pollutants threatens the health of people everywhere in the world. Agriculture generates waste, the improper disposal of such waste producing adverse environmental effects like air pollution, etc. In this context, our research focused on capitalizing on animal waste (wool) and agro-industrial by-products (sunflower seed husks) as additives in two types of aqueous dispersion finishing/protection products, serving as binders. The paper presents the results from the monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions of four types of innovative multi-layer finishes made with such types of waste. Full article

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8 pages, 1513 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Durability of Multifunctional Coatings Made with Additions of Animal Waste and Agro-Industrial By-Products

by Irina Popa, Cristian Petcu and Alexandrina Mureșanu

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013022 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 510

Abstract

Agriculture and agriculture-related industries generate many different forms of by-products and waste, whose integration into the circular economy still requires experimental studies and research. This research aimed to obtain innovative coatings containing agro-industrial by-products and animal waste, characterizing the thermal insulation potential of [...] Read more.

Agriculture and agriculture-related industries generate many different forms of by-products and waste, whose integration into the circular economy still requires experimental studies and research. This research aimed to obtain innovative coatings containing agro-industrial by-products and animal waste, characterizing the thermal insulation potential of the resulting products, and determining the durability of the respective coatings by exposing them to the action of an aggressive environment with large temperature variations. Full article

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5 pages, 224 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Assessment of Pullulan, a Microbial Polysaccharide, as a Matrix for Senotherapeutics Delivery

by Ramona-Daniela Pavaloiu, Fawzia Sha’at, Corina Bubueanu, Maria Petrescu and Claudia Sevcenco

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013023 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 515

Abstract

This study’s objective was to assess pullulan, in the form of pullulan acetate, as a matrix for senotherapeutics delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles loaded with various senotherapeutics (metformin, quercitin, kaempferol, curcumin, and luteolin) were prepared via nanoprecipitation or double emulsion methods using pullulan acetate as [...] Read more.

This study’s objective was to assess pullulan, in the form of pullulan acetate, as a matrix for senotherapeutics delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles loaded with various senotherapeutics (metformin, quercitin, kaempferol, curcumin, and luteolin) were prepared via nanoprecipitation or double emulsion methods using pullulan acetate as a biodegradable polymeric matrix. Quercitin, kaempferol, curcumin, and luteolin nanoparticles showed good yield (<70%), satisfactory values of entrapment efficiency (<60%), and nanometric sizes ranging between 205 and 270 nm, with narrow dispersity and good stability at 4 °C. The formulations demonstrated that pullulan showed great potential for producing nanoparticles with application in senotherapeutics delivery. Full article

8 pages, 4384 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Practical Aspects of Biogenic Amines Detection

by Petru Epure, Ana-Maria Gurban and Lucian-Gabriel Zamfir

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013024 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 545

Abstract

This paper presents a method for monitoring food freshness and quality through the early detection of biogenic amines, which are indicators of food spoilage/degradation. The urge to monitor food quality has led to a growing interest in the detection of toxic compounds, such [...] Read more.

This paper presents a method for monitoring food freshness and quality through the early detection of biogenic amines, which are indicators of food spoilage/degradation. The urge to monitor food quality has led to a growing interest in the detection of toxic compounds, such as biogenic amines (BAs), as chemical indicators of food degradation by using different bioanalytical tools. The bioanalytical platform includes several parts and modules useful for food hazard evaluation. This paper presents how electrochemical and spectrometric detection works for biogenic amine monitoring in food and how the communication interface provides useful data. Full article

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8 pages, 5825 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Diagnosis, Photogrammetry and Conservation Treatment with Nanomaterials of Sacidava Fortress

by Rodica-Mariana Ion, Lorena Iancu, Ramona Marina Grigorescu, Sorin Marcel Colesniuc, Verginica Schroder, Raluca Andreea Trandafir, Silviu Ionita, Anca Irina Gheboianu and Sofia Slamnoiu-Teodorescu

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013025 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 519

Abstract

The diagnosis, thermography, aerial photogrammetry, and conservation treatment with nanomaterials (CHAp) for some samples from Sacidava Fortress, Romania, are analyzed and the results are discussed accordingly in this paper. Full article

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6 pages, 2954 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bioavailability Computations for Natural Phenolic Derivatives for Druglikeness Assessment

by Amalia Stefaniu, Lucia Camelia Pirvu, Lucia Pintilie and Sorin Constantin Godeanu

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013026 - 24 Nov 2023

Viewed by 626

Abstract

The main phenolic compounds in the Hippophae rhamnoides fruit with potential therapeutic activities are quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, myricetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, vitexin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 7-methoxycoumarin, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. Their general features recommend them for [...] Read more.

The main phenolic compounds in the Hippophae rhamnoides fruit with potential therapeutic activities are quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, myricetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, vitexin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 7-methoxycoumarin, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. Their general features recommend them for nutritional and therapeutic purposes, exploiting their neuroprotective and radioprotective effects. This study aims to investigate the potency of polyphenol-derived structures against dual tyrosine-regulated kinase, modulating neuroblastomas and glioblastomas in humans. Structural insights from the point of view of drug-like property assessment are also provided by Density Functional Theory (DFT) predictions on the lowest energy conformers, using the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) method. Full article

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4 pages, 233 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Proteogenomic Tools in the Assessment of Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds

by Radu Albulescu, Adrian Albulescu, Georgeta Caraene, Corina Bubueanu, Alice Grigore, Maria Petrescu and Roxana-Mădălina Stoica

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013027 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 570

Abstract

Proteogenomics is a recently developed omics application, adding enhancing the sensitivity of proteomics, and thus making possible the detection of proteome markers in very tiny amounts of samples. Even if the filed developed only in the last 10 years, the technology is very [...] Read more.

Proteogenomics is a recently developed omics application, adding enhancing the sensitivity of proteomics, and thus making possible the detection of proteome markers in very tiny amounts of samples. Even if the filed developed only in the last 10 years, the technology is very intensely applied in clinical diagnostics, and more recently, efforts are made to use it in non-clinical, in vitro and in vivo studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of single-plex and multiplex assays in the evaluation of proteome changes generated in vitro by the exposure to several standard compounds. The extracts demonstrated weak cytotoxic effects. The detection of cytokines Performing the same assays on tissue lysates permitted only the detection of low levels of cytokines. Full article

6 pages, 781 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preparation of a Veterinary Supplement That Reduces Aflatoxin B₁ Availability

by Mălina Deșliu-Avram, Carmen Lupu, Simona Rotaru, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei, Radian Nicolae Negrilă and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013028 - 20 Dec 2023

Viewed by 478

Abstract

This work describes the preparation of a veterinary supplement based on diatomaceous earth, chemically hydrolyzed proteins, and essential oils, which are applicable for protecting monogastric animals against the mycotoxin contamination of cereal-based feeds. The veterinary supplement comprises 54.5–55% diatomaceous earth, 40.5–41% hydrolyzed proteins [...] Read more.

This work describes the preparation of a veterinary supplement based on diatomaceous earth, chemically hydrolyzed proteins, and essential oils, which are applicable for protecting monogastric animals against the mycotoxin contamination of cereal-based feeds. The veterinary supplement comprises 54.5–55% diatomaceous earth, 40.5–41% hydrolyzed proteins (whey protein concentrate and soybean protein isolate), 2.4–2.5% oregano essential oils, 0.6–0.7% NaCl, and 1.6% CaCl₂. The preparation process includes alkaline thermal hydrolysis of proteins, followed by emulsification of the essential oil with protein hydrolysate and granulation with diatomaceous earth. The veterinary supplement prepared in this work reduces the availability of aflatoxin B₁ in a simulated gastric fluid by 82.7 ± 4.43%. Full article

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7 pages, 2057 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bioaugmentation Performance of a Bacterial Consortium for Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Treating Municipal Wastewater

by Eliza-Gabriela Brettfeld, Oana-Andreea Cheoafa, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013029 - 20 Dec 2023

Viewed by 556

Abstract

A compatible microbial consortium with a high organic pollutant degradation ability, which includes a gram-positive Brevibacillus parabrevis B50 NCAIM B 001413 bacterial strain and a gram-negative Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana P32 NCAIM (P) B 001414 bacterial strain, was selected using high-throughput screening techniques. The compatible [...] Read more.

A compatible microbial consortium with a high organic pollutant degradation ability, which includes a gram-positive Brevibacillus parabrevis B50 NCAIM B 001413 bacterial strain and a gram-negative Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana P32 NCAIM (P) B 001414 bacterial strain, was selected using high-throughput screening techniques. The compatible microbial consortium, encapsulated in alginate beds, was used to inoculate moving bed biofilm reactors from a small municipal wastewater treatment plant. The bioaugmentation performance of the inoculated consortium was evaluated by determining the water quality parameters before inoculation and one month after bioaugmentation treatment. The removal of organic matter was enhanced after treatment with the selected microbial consortium. Full article

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9 pages, 2892 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization of an Experimental Model for Microalgae Cultivation with CO₂ Fixation

by Eliza-Gabriela Brettfeld, Daria-Gabriela Popa, Corina-Ioana Moga, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013030 - 20 Dec 2023

Viewed by 530

Abstract

Microalgae cultivation is a promising approach for sustainable CO₂ fixation. This work describes the optimization of a laboratory-scale experimental model for microalgae cultivation under CO₂ supplementation. The experimental model was developed using a stirred clear glass reactor, white LED strips, connection [...] Read more.

Microalgae cultivation is a promising approach for sustainable CO₂ fixation. This work describes the optimization of a laboratory-scale experimental model for microalgae cultivation under CO₂ supplementation. The experimental model was developed using a stirred clear glass reactor, white LED strips, connection system caps with three ports, tubes, valves, regulators, and N₂-CO₂ compressed gas cylinder. Three microalgae strains were used: Raphidocelis subcapitata ATCC22662, Desmodesmus communis NIVA-CHL 7, and Chlorella sorokiniana NIVA-CHL 176. The appropriate medium for cultivation of each of these strains was selected. The optimized experimental model demonstrated the positive influence of CO₂ supplementation on microalgae growth, particularly for Chlorella sorokiniana. Full article

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7 pages, 1320 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preparation of Ceramic Granules Enriched with Silicon Extracted from Reeds

by Mălina Deșliu-Avram, Luiza Capră, Ioana Tudor, Carmen Lupu, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei, Orsolya Csilla Raduly, Mariana Pătrașcu and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013031 - 20 Dec 2023

Viewed by 531

Abstract

This article presents the microwave-assisted extraction of biosilica from common reed (Phragmites australis) biomass and the utilization of the resulting aqueous extract to enrich porous ceramic granules based on diatomaceous earth and bentonite from white wine cleaning. The enriched porous ceramic [...] Read more.

This article presents the microwave-assisted extraction of biosilica from common reed (Phragmites australis) biomass and the utilization of the resulting aqueous extract to enrich porous ceramic granules based on diatomaceous earth and bentonite from white wine cleaning. The enriched porous ceramic granule generated a solution of soluble silicon that was +23.4 ± 2.2 more concentrated than the porous ceramic granules not enriched with reed extract. The water reactivity of Si-O-Si groups is higher in the polysilicic acid formed via the polycondensation of silicic acid extracted from reed, compared to the Si-O-Si group from diatomaceous earth or bentonite. Full article

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8 pages, 1670 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Preparation and Characterization of Different Types of Eggshells Acidified with Acetic Acid

by Eliza-Gabriela Brettfeld, Daria-Gabriela Popa, Raluca Somoghi, Cristian Andi Nicolae, Adrian Birtas, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013032 - 21 Dec 2023

Viewed by 751

Abstract

This paper investigates the acidification of eggshells of different origins with acetic acid. The acidification process was investigated for conventional and organic eggshells generated from the production of liquid eggs in the food industry and hatched eggshells from egg incubators. The acidified eggshell [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the acidification of eggshells of different origins with acetic acid. The acidification process was investigated for conventional and organic eggshells generated from the production of liquid eggs in the food industry and hatched eggshells from egg incubators. The acidified eggshell materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrate that each type of investigated eggshell generates different nanostructures due to slight variations in their composition and this indicates potential applications: as a source of calcium supplements or to produce a snow-melting agent or CO₂ adsorbent. Full article

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