A Probabilistic Model for Fire Temperature Rise in High-Rise Residential Buildings under the Action of Uncertain Factors
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
In this article, the authors explored the probabilistic model for fire temperature rise in urban high-rise residential buildings under the action of uncertain factors. 38 urban residential high-rise buildings were investigated. The temperature rise of building fire is studied considering important random factors. A probabilistic fire temperature rise curve for high-rise buildings was proposed. Overall, the paper is well written, well-structured and clear. It is useful to the scientific community and deserves publication, but this article still has the following problems that need to be modified:
1) It is suggested that the authors should present the reason for selecting the 38 buildings, give the number of family in the 38 buildings in the paper, and list the name, the height, the number of floors, the location, city of these building in the appendix.
2) Add a picture of the standard temperature-time curve and compare it with the most representative temperature rise curve obtained.
3) The equation for calculating the ventilation factor, in 2.1.2, need literature, or explain the theory behind it. In addition, ? mean ventilation factor? Please give the meaning.
4) There are some minor formatting errors, for example, Section 2.1.3, line 89, the font of ρ is used incorrectly. Please check the whole paper.
Author Response
Please see the attachment.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.docx
Reviewer 2 Report
In this paper, basing on the European normative model, relying on the Latin Hypercube Sampling method, a probabilistic model of fire temperature rise in urban high-rise residential buildings under the influence of uncertain factors is established. The work of this paper is valuable and I think it could be considered for publication in Fire after some minor revisions as following:
1)More discussion on the findings are needed. For example, comparing the results with measurements of actual fires.
2) The English language is generally good but should be revised for some errors and corrections, e.g., Section 4.3.3, line 248, the “curves” in the sentence “Temperature rise curves” should be "curve".
3)There are some minor formatting errors that need to be fixed, e.g., Section 2.1.1, line 73, “where q is...” should not be indented.
Author Response
请参阅附件。
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
Reviewer 3 Report
The methodology is based on a previously published work which is applied to the field of evacuation. The same Latin Hypercube Sampling method is employed, and Figure 7 comes from that work.
It is an interesting work, but how the data was collected from the high-rise buildings should be better highlighted, described and correlated with their population characteristics. This is a relevant part of the work that can help to understand the scientific contribution of the study.
The conclusions achieved are particular to this study and should be improved by relating them to the specific conditions of the collected data.
Other comments:
-The first sentences of the introduction are the same as those in the abstract. This should be improved.
-Page 2, lines 55-56: A blank space is missing and “rose” should be corrected.
-Page 3. Line 86. Dimensionless? This needs to be corrected.
-Tables 2&3: How are these values obtained? What are the main characteristics of the places you have visited? How have you evaluated the fire load densities?
-Page 7. Line 175: “is”?
-Figure 7. Evacuation? This Figure comes from previous work.
-Page 8. Line 212. “tm” should be corrected.
Author Response
请参阅附件。
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
Round 2
Reviewer 3 Report
The authors' response do not contain any answer to my previous major concerns and the paper do not either contain any change according to them:
-"How the data was collected from the high-rise buildings should be better highlighted, described and correlated with their population characteristics. This is a relevant part of the work that can help to understand the scientific contribution of the study."
-"The conclusions achieved are particular to this study and should be improved by relating them to the specific conditions of the collected data."
Author Response
Thank you for taking the time and effort to review this article. We are very sorry that we have omitted the reply to the main question you raised due to our negligence. We have read your comments carefully and yrevised the article according to your comments. Here are our responses.
Point 1: How the data was collected from the high-rise buildings should be better highlighted, described and correlated with their population characteristics. This is a relevant part of the work that can help to understand the scientific contribution of the study.
Response 1: We quite agree with you on this opinion as raw data is really valuable and important. The original data in this article was obtained by cooperating with a third party, so we cannot release the data in full because of the privacy. We can only provide editors and reviewers with the attached tables for reference only to prove the reliability of the data. But not providing the raw data does not compromise the integrity of this article. In addition, we added the description of how to select research objects in Section 3.1 of the paper, hoping to explain the process of data generation more clearly. The following has been added to the article. The authors first selected high-rise residential buildings in the city according to Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, then divides them into four categories according to the year they were built: less than 5 years old, 5 to 10 years old, 15 to 20 years old and more than 20 years old. Each category was randomly selected, resulting in 38 buildings. When investigating the fire load density of high-rise residential buildings, the combustion calorific value of various indoor combustible items was calculated, the amount of combustible materials obtained from the investigation and the area of each room were used to calculate the fire load density of different rooms in each residential building. In response to your question about linking data collection to demographic characteristics, we hope to satisfy you with the following explanation. Generally speaking, the better the development of a Chinese city, the more high-rise buildings there are in the city. Therefore, we chose a Chinese city with a higher level of economic development and a population of more than 10 million for the research. This study is more interested in exploring the relationship between randomness of fire load density and fire temperature, so it does not probe into the relationship between population characteristics of high-rise buildings and fire temperature.
Point 2: The conclusions achieved are particular to this study and should be improved by relating them to the specific conditions of the collected data.
Response 2: We agree with you that the conclusions achieved are particular. In order to more clearly explain the scope of application of this conclusion, we described the data collection process in more detail in Section 3.1 and added qualifiers to the conclusion in Section 5, hoping to indicate that the conclusion has certain universality to high-rise residential buildings in relatively developed cities in China through this way. In addition, this paper hopes to propose a method to analyze fire temperature probability based on survey data to provide help for future fire development research.
Schedule 1. Calorific value of combustible articles
|
Name of article |
Calorific value （MJ） |
Name of article |
Calorific value （MJ） |
|
Solo sofa |
243 |
TV set |
304 |
|
Love sofa |
466 |
Wall air conditioning |
30 |
|
Three-person sofa |
738 |
Bedclothes |
54 |
|
Coffee table |
728 |
A four-piece set of bedding |
30.19 |
|
Table (Wood) |
340 |
Shoe cabinet |
546 |
|
Chair (Wood) |
202 |
Desk |
1200 |
|
Chair (cushion) |
250 |
Bookcase |
789 |
|
Stool (Wood) |
170 |
Washstand |
420 |
|
Cabinet air conditioner |
72 |
Water heater |
280 |
|
Curtain (window area /m2) |
56.4 |
Washing machine |
180 |
|
Bed |
1600 |
Oven |
560 |
|
Mattress |
499.8 |
Microwave oven |
560 |
|
Nightstand |
160 |
Stove top |
420 |
|
Wardrobe |
1164 |
Sideboard |
1500~2000 |
|
Dressing table |
476 |
Water dispenser |
560 |
|
Electric fan |
5 |
Computer |
492 |
|
TV cabinet |
613 |
Wood Floor (L×W×H) |
83.6 |
|
Door |
424 |
Piano |
2800 |
Schedule 2. Fire load density of each room
|
Dwelling number |
Fire load density（MJ/m2） |
||||||||||
|
Living room |
Bedroom |
Kitchen |
Study |
Bathroom |
Balcony |
||||||
|
1 |
95.17 |
416.92/631.08 |
1822.02 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
|||||
|
2 |
383.33 |
427.78/530.06 |
506.73 |
259.66 |
224.53 |
/ |
|||||
|
3 |
130.37 |
634.61/593.68 |
472.21 |
/ |
133.33 |
/ |
|||||
|
4 |
73.64 |
931.41/899.90 |
1125 |
/ |
185.19 |
213.49 |
|||||
|
5 |
177.7 |
549.24/337.11 |
628.9 |
254.34 |
238.62/109.09 |
128.38/120 |
|||||
|
6 |
51.8 |
620.99/300.39 |
1499.57 |
254.34 |
166.67 |
111.21 |
|||||
|
7 |
297.61 |
443.77/498.29 |
944.44 |
/ |
180.27 |
/ |
|||||
|
8 |
233.46 |
427.68/553.85/371.86 |
262.25 |
/ |
210 |
138.58 |
|||||
|
9 |
144.13 |
293.64/486.84 |
256.58 |
420.64 |
169.7 |
/ |
|||||
|
10 |
278.56 |
591.84/494.91/330.83 |
405.76 |
/ |
151.7 |
125.52 |
|||||
|
11 |
106.4 |
347.32 |
539.15 |
/ |
241.26 |
67.5 |
|||||
|
12 |
/ |
463 |
308.38 |
/ |
241.48 |
116.22 |
|||||
|
13 |
367.92 |
374.81 |
350.75 |
/ |
238.19 |
116.22 |
|||||
|
14 |
196.64 |
547.84 |
743.33 |
/ |
381.54 |
/ |
|||||
|
15 |
97.56 |
541.73/416.86 |
412.49 |
432.12 |
121.05 |
155.3 |
|||||
|
16 |
157.33 |
488.93/520.63 |
323.1 |
/ |
186.42 |
214.9 |
|||||
|
17 |
337.33 |
396.17 |
368.36 |
/ |
213.57 |
167.67 |
|||||
|
18 |
210.8 |
906.12 |
123.2 |
/ |
146.67 |
188 |
|||||
|
19 |
98.54 |
538.83 |
189.47 |
22 |
216 |
/ |
|||||
|
20 |
136.31 |
390.77 |
150.47 |
/ |
130.4 |
/ |
|||||
|
21 |
328.94 |
466.59 |
324.33 |
/ |
281 |
372 |
|||||
|
22 |
155.71 |
618.22/458.13 |
135.14 |
/ |
151 |
45 |
|||||
|
23 |
170.71 |
317.47/377.67 |
216.27 |
/ |
92 |
50.5 |
|||||
|
24 |
149.74 |
500.82/518.8 |
228.95 |
260.67 |
159.25 |
48.57 |
|||||
|
25 |
166.29 |
616.53/769.3/1053.98 |
581.58 |
/ |
271.67 |
/ |
|||||
|
26 |
84.46 |
262.25/231.41 |
165.65 |
/ |
218.24 |
/ |
|||||
|
27 |
139.5 |
472.48/265.84/449.77 |
242.37 |
/ |
202.83 |
181.5 |
|||||
|
28 |
124.35 |
484.27/172.36/310.14 |
245.69 |
/ |
143.3 |
109.2 |
|||||
|
29 |
132.02 |
376.02/343.89/345.83 |
251.4 |
/ |
260.8 |
/ |
|||||
|
30 |
181.08 |
403.29/373.73 |
241.67 |
/ |
217.33 |
108.4 |
|||||
|
31 |
227.67 |
519/582.84 |
451.4 |
/ |
434.67 |
147.5 |
|||||
|
32 |
175.11 |
400.18/577.15/1180.68 |
275.16 |
/ |
190.27 |
101.96 |
|||||
|
33 |
144.31 |
724.22/619.41 |
428.64 |
/ |
557.42 |
277.69 |
|||||
|
34 |
194.51 |
616.49 |
557.14 |
/ |
412.24 |
45.45 |
|||||
|
35 |
194.51 |
616.49 |
340.63 |
/ |
258.82 |
45.45 |
|||||
|
36 |
237.33 |
387.86/282.2 |
110.94 |
/ |
449.66 |
/ |
|||||
|
37 |
166.37 |
322.37/590.36/48.04 |
186.52 |
/ |
110.5 |
/ |
|||||
|
38 |
157.02 |
674.22/803.22 |
341.59 |
/ |
557.42 |
69.23 |
|||||
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
