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Condensed Matter
Volume 5
Issue 1
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Condens. Matter, Volume 5, Issue 1 (March 2020) – 22 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Spectra of collective excitations in atomic superfluids provide valuable information on their internal states. Different geometries and effective dimensionalities have been realized for ultracold gases. In our work, the sound velocity and the damping rate of the collective excitations of a 2D fermionic superfluid are determined in a non-perturbative manner. Specifically, we focus on the Anderson–Bogoliubov excitations in the BEC-BCS crossover regime. The calculation is performed within the path-integral formalism and the Gaussian pair fluctuation approximation. We derive the propagator of the collective excitations and determine their dispersion relation by locating its complex poles. Also we calculate the response functions which can be used as another way to determine the sound velocity and the damping rate. View this paper.
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12 pages, 415 KiB  
Article
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Strategy for High Temperature Electron-Hole Superfluidity
by Sara Conti, David Neilson, François M. Peeters and Andrea Perali
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010022 - 22 Mar 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3306
Abstract
Condensation of spatially indirect excitons, with the electrons and holes confined in two separate layers, has recently been observed in two different double layer heterostructures. High transition temperatures were reported in a double Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer system. We briefly review electron-hole [...] Read more.
Condensation of spatially indirect excitons, with the electrons and holes confined in two separate layers, has recently been observed in two different double layer heterostructures. High transition temperatures were reported in a double Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer system. We briefly review electron-hole double layer systems that have been proposed as candidates for this interesting phenomenon. We investigate the double TMD system WSe 2 /hBN/MoSe 2 , using a mean-field approach that includes multiband effects due to the spin-orbit coupling and self-consistent screening of the electron-hole Coulomb interaction. We demonstrate that the transition temperature observed in the double TMD monolayers, which is remarkably high relative to the other systems, is the result of (i) the large electron and hole effective masses in TMDs, (ii) the large TMD band gaps, and (iii) the presence of multiple superfluid condensates in the TMD system. The net effect is that the superfluidity is strong across a wide range of densities, which leads to high transition temperatures that extend as high as T B K T = 150 K. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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15 pages, 4011 KiB  
Article
A Dual-Species Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interspecies Interactions
by Alessia Burchianti, Chiara D’Errico, Marco Prevedelli, Luca Salasnich, Francesco Ancilotto, Michele Modugno, Francesco Minardi and Chiara Fort
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010021 - 21 Mar 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4424
Abstract
We report on the production of a 41 K- 87 Rb dual-species Bose–Einstein condensate with tunable interspecies interaction and we study the mixture in the attractive regime; i.e., for negative values of the interspecies scattering length a 12 . The binary condensate is [...] Read more.
We report on the production of a 41 K- 87 Rb dual-species Bose–Einstein condensate with tunable interspecies interaction and we study the mixture in the attractive regime; i.e., for negative values of the interspecies scattering length a 12 . The binary condensate is prepared in the ground state and confined in a pure optical trap. We exploit Feshbach resonances for tuning the value of a 12 . After compensating the gravitational sag between the two species with a magnetic field gradient, we drive the mixture into the attractive regime. We let the system evolve both in free space and in an optical waveguide. In both geometries, for strong attractive interactions, we observe the formation of self-bound states, recognizable as quantum droplets. Our findings prove that robust, long-lived droplet states can be realized in attractive two-species mixtures, despite the two atomic components possibly experiencing different potentials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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24 pages, 749 KiB  
Review
Singular Mean-Field States: A Brief Review of Recent Results
by Elad Shamriz, Zhaopin Chen, Boris A. Malomed and Hidetsugu Sakaguchi
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010020 - 20 Mar 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
This article provides a focused review of recent findings which demonstrate, in some cases quite counter-intuitively, the existence of bound states with a singularity of the density pattern at the center; the states are physically meaningful because their total norm converges. One model [...] Read more.
This article provides a focused review of recent findings which demonstrate, in some cases quite counter-intuitively, the existence of bound states with a singularity of the density pattern at the center; the states are physically meaningful because their total norm converges. One model of this type is based on the 2D Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE), which combines the attractive potential ∼ r − 2 and the quartic self-repulsive nonlinearity, induced by the Lee–Huang–Yang effect (quantum fluctuations around the mean-field state). The GPE demonstrates suppression of the 2D quantum collapse, driven by the attractive potential, and emergence of a stable ground state (GS), whose density features an integrable singularity ∼ r − 4 / 3 at r → 0 . Modes with embedded angular momentum exist too, but they are unstable. A counter-intuitive peculiarity of the model is that the GS exists even if the sign of the potential is reversed from attraction to repulsion, provided that its strength is small enough. This peculiarity finds a relevant explanation. The other model outlined in the review includes 1D, 2D, and 3D GPEs, with the septimal (seventh-order), quintic, and cubic self-repulsive terms, respectively. These equations give rise to stable singular solitons, which represent the GS for each dimension D, with the density singularity ∼ r − 2 / ( 4 − D ) . Such states may be considered the results of screening a “bare” delta-functional attractive potential by the respective nonlinearities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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10 pages, 2748 KiB  
Article
Structure of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Extracted via Pair Distribution Functions
by Katariina Pussi, Juan Gallo, Koji Ohara, Enrique Carbo-Argibay, Yury V. Kolen’ko, Bernardo Barbiellini, Arun Bansil and Saeed Kamali
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010019 - 18 Mar 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4573
Abstract
The structure of nanoparticles has been difficult to determine accurately because the traditional structure methods rely on large monocrystals. Here, we discuss the structure of nanoparticles based on real-space modeling of the pair distribution function obtained by a Fourier transformation of the high-energy [...] Read more.
The structure of nanoparticles has been difficult to determine accurately because the traditional structure methods rely on large monocrystals. Here, we discuss the structure of nanoparticles based on real-space modeling of the pair distribution function obtained by a Fourier transformation of the high-energy X-ray scattering structure factor. In particular, we consider X-ray scattering data taken from colloidal manganese oxide nanoparticles used in Lithium-ion batteries, air-purification, and biomedical systems, which are known to exist in various nanometer-sized polymorphs. Insight is thus obtained into characterizing the structural relaxation of the MnO6 octahedra, which are the key building blocks of oxide nanoparticles, important in many technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rechargeable Batteries Studied Using Advanced Spectroscopic and Computational Techniques)
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13 pages, 1941 KiB  
Article
Boron Concentration Induced Co-Ta-B Composite Formation Observed in the Transition from Metallic to Covalent Glasses
by Simon Evertz, Stephan Prünte, Lena Patterer, Amalraj Marshal, Damian M. Holzapfel, Alexander Schökel, Marcus Hans, Daniel Primetzhofer and Jochen M. Schneider
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010018 - 18 Mar 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2775
Abstract
Due to their unique property combination of high strength and toughness, metallic glasses are promising materials for structural applications. As the behaviour of metallic glasses depends on the electronic structure which in turn is defined by chemical composition, we systematically investigate the influence [...] Read more.
Due to their unique property combination of high strength and toughness, metallic glasses are promising materials for structural applications. As the behaviour of metallic glasses depends on the electronic structure which in turn is defined by chemical composition, we systematically investigate the influence of B concentration on glass transition, topology, magnetism, and bonding for B concentrations x = 2 to 92 at.% in the (Co6.8±3.9Ta)100−xBx system. From an electronic structure and coordination point of view, the B concentration range is divided into three regions: Below 39 ± 5 at.% B, the material is a metallic glass due to the dominance of metallic bonds. Above 69 ± 6 at.%, the presence of an icosahedra-like B network is observed. As the B concentration is increased above 39 ± 5 at.%, the B network evolves while the metallic coordination of the material decreases until the B concentration of 67 ± 5 at.% is reached. Hence, a composite is formed. It is evident that, based on the B concentration, the ratio of metallic bonding to icosahedral bonding in the composite can be controlled. It is proposed that, by tuning the coordination in the composite region, glassy materials with defined plasticity and processability can be designed. Full article
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15 pages, 1197 KiB  
Article
Quantum-Heat Fluctuation Relations in Three-Level Systems Under Projective Measurements
by Guido Giachetti, Stefano Gherardini, Andrea Trombettoni and Stefano Ruffo
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010017 - 13 Mar 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
We study the statistics of energy fluctuations in a three-level quantum system subject to a sequence of projective quantum measurements. We check that, as expected, the quantum Jarzynski equality holds provided that the initial state is thermal. The latter condition is trivially satisfied [...] Read more.
We study the statistics of energy fluctuations in a three-level quantum system subject to a sequence of projective quantum measurements. We check that, as expected, the quantum Jarzynski equality holds provided that the initial state is thermal. The latter condition is trivially satisfied for two-level systems, while this is generally no longer true for N-level systems, with N > 2 . Focusing on three-level systems, we discuss the occurrence of a unique energy scale factor β eff that formally plays the role of an effective inverse temperature in the Jarzynski equality. To this aim, we introduce a suitable parametrization of the initial state in terms of a thermal and a non-thermal component. We determine the value of β eff for a large number of measurements and study its dependence on the initial state. Our predictions could be checked experimentally in quantum optics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Quantum Chaos)
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10 pages, 3178 KiB  
Article
Angular Dependence of Copper Surface Damage Induced by an Intense Coherent THz Radiation Beam
by Salvatore Macis, Luca Tomarchio, Silvia Tofani, S. Javad Rezvani, Luigi Faillace, Stefano Lupi, Akinori Irizawa and Augusto Marcelli
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010016 - 10 Mar 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2238
Abstract
In this work, we show the damage induced by an intense coherent terahertz (THz) beam on copper surfaces. The metallic surface was irradiated by multiple picosecond THz pulses generated by the Free Electron Laser (FEL) at the ISIR facility of the Osaka University, [...] Read more.
In this work, we show the damage induced by an intense coherent terahertz (THz) beam on copper surfaces. The metallic surface was irradiated by multiple picosecond THz pulses generated by the Free Electron Laser (FEL) at the ISIR facility of the Osaka University, reaching an electric field on the sample surface up to ~4 GV/m. No damage occurs at normal incidence, while images and spectroscopic analysis of the surface point out a clear dependence of the damage on the incidence angle, the electric field intensity, and polarization of the pulsed THz radiation. Ab initio analysis shows that the damage at high incidence angles could be related to the increase of the absorbance, i.e., to the increase of the temperature around or above 1000 °C. The experimental approach we introduced with multiple fast irradiations represents a new powerful technique useful to test, in a reproducible way, the damage induced by an intense electric gradient on copper and other metallic surfaces in view of future THz-based compact particle accelerators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue THz: Research Frontiers for New Sources, Imaging and Other Advanced Technologies)
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12 pages, 788 KiB  
Article
Spectral Function of a Boson Ladder in an Artificial Gauge Field
by Roberta Citro, Stefania De Palo, Nicolas Victorin, Anna Minguzzi and Edmond Orignac
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010015 - 10 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2746
Abstract
We calculate the spectral function of a boson ladder in an artificial magnetic field by means of analytic approaches based on bosonization and Bogoliubov theory. We discuss the evolution of the spectral function at increasing effective magnetic flux, from the Meissner to the [...] Read more.
We calculate the spectral function of a boson ladder in an artificial magnetic field by means of analytic approaches based on bosonization and Bogoliubov theory. We discuss the evolution of the spectral function at increasing effective magnetic flux, from the Meissner to the Vortex phase, focussing on the effects of incommensurations in momentum space. At low flux, in the Meissner phase, the spectral function displays both a gapless branch and a gapped one, while at higher flux, in the Vortex phase, the spectral function displays two gapless branches and the spectral weight is shifted at a wavevector associated to the underlying vortex spatial structure, which can indicate a supersolid-like behavior. While the Bogoliubov theory, valid at weak interactions, predicts sharp delta-like features in the spectral function, at stronger interactions we find power-law broadening of the spectral functions due to quantum fluctuations as well as additional spectral weight at higher momenta due to backscattering and incommensuration effects. These features could be accessed in ultracold atom experiments using radio-frequency spectroscopy techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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10 pages, 3650 KiB  
Article
High-Pressure Synthesis and Superconducting Properties of NaCl-Type In1−xPbxTe (x = 0–0.8)
by Masayoshi Katsuno, Rajveer Jha, Kazuhisa Hoshi, Ryota Sogabe, Yosuke Goto and Yoshikazu Mizuguchi
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010014 - 06 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2494
Abstract
We have investigated the Pb-substitution effect upon the superconductivity of NaCl-type In1−xPbxTe. Polycrystalline samples with x = 0–0.8 were synthesized using high-pressure synthesis. The lattice parameter was systematically increased by Pb substitution. For x ≤ 0.6, bulk superconductivity [...] Read more.
We have investigated the Pb-substitution effect upon the superconductivity of NaCl-type In1−xPbxTe. Polycrystalline samples with x = 0–0.8 were synthesized using high-pressure synthesis. The lattice parameter was systematically increased by Pb substitution. For x ≤ 0.6, bulk superconductivity was observed, and the superconducting transition temperature increased from 3 K (for InTe) to 5 K by Pb substitutions. From analyses of specific heat jumps at the superconducting transition, conventional (phonon-mediated) weak-coupling pairing mechanisms were suggested for In1−xPbxTe. Full article
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13 pages, 684 KiB  
Article
Dispersion and Damping of Phononic Excitations in Fermi Superfluid Gases in 2D
by Lars-Paul Lumbeeck, Jacques Tempere and Serghei Klimin
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010013 - 25 Feb 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2200
Abstract
We calculate the sound velocity and the damping rate of the collective excitations of a 2D fermionic superfluid in a non-perturbative manner. Specifically, we focus on the Anderson–Bogoliubov excitations in the BEC-BCS crossover regime, as these modes have a sound-like dispersion at low [...] Read more.
We calculate the sound velocity and the damping rate of the collective excitations of a 2D fermionic superfluid in a non-perturbative manner. Specifically, we focus on the Anderson–Bogoliubov excitations in the BEC-BCS crossover regime, as these modes have a sound-like dispersion at low momenta. The calculation is performed within the path-integral formalism and the Gaussian pair fluctuation approximation. From the action functional, we obtain the propagator of the collective excitations and determine their dispersion relation by locating the poles of this propagator. We find that there is only one kind of collective excitation, which is stable at T = 0 and has a sound velocity of v F / 2 for all binding energies, i.e., throughout the BEC-BCS crossover. As the temperature is raised, the sound velocity decreases and the damping rate shows a non-monotonous behavior: after an initial increase, close to the critical temperature T C the damping rate decreases again. In general, higher binding energies provide higher damping rates. Finally, we calculate the response functions and propose that they can be used as another way to determine the sound velocity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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21 pages, 476 KiB  
Review
Fractional Statistics of Charge Carriers in the One- and Two-Dimensional t-J Model: A Hint for the Cuprates?
by Pieralberto Marchetti
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010012 - 21 Feb 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2214
Abstract
We show that we can interpret the exact solution of the one-dimensional t-J model in the limit of small J in terms of charge carriers with both exchange (braid) and exclusion (Haldane) statistics with parameter 1/2. We discuss an implementation of the same [...] Read more.
We show that we can interpret the exact solution of the one-dimensional t-J model in the limit of small J in terms of charge carriers with both exchange (braid) and exclusion (Haldane) statistics with parameter 1/2. We discuss an implementation of the same statistics in the two-dimensional t-J model, emphasizing similarities and differences with respect to one dimension. In both cases, the exclusion statistics is a consequence of the no-double occupation constraint. We argue that the application of this formalism to hole-doped high Tc cuprates and the derived composite nature of the hole give a hint to grasp many unusual properties of these materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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17 pages, 3329 KiB  
Review
Fabry-Perot Cavity Leaky Wave Antennas with Tunable Features for Terahertz Applications
by Silvia Tofani and Walter Fuscaldo
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010011 - 25 Jan 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3899
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation is a very appealing band of the electromagnetic spectrum due to its practical applications. In this context, the THz generation and manipulation is an essential part of the technological development. The demand of THz antennas is still high because it [...] Read more.
Terahertz (THz) radiation is a very appealing band of the electromagnetic spectrum due to its practical applications. In this context, the THz generation and manipulation is an essential part of the technological development. The demand of THz antennas is still high because it is already difficult to obtain directive, efficient, planar, low-cost, and easy-to-fabricate THz radiating systems. In this regard, Fabry-Perot cavity leaky-wave antennas are gaining increasing attention at THz, due to their very interesting radiating features: the combination of planar designs with metamaterials and metasurfaces could offer a promising platform for future THz manipulation technologies. In this short review, we focus on different classes of leaky-wave antennas, based on materials with tunable quasi-optical parameters. The possibility of producing directive patterns with particularly good efficiencies, as well as the capability of dynamically reconfiguring their radiating features, are discussed by taking into account the risk of increasing costs and fabrication complexity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue THz: Research Frontiers for New Sources, Imaging and Other Advanced Technologies)
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14 pages, 588 KiB  
Article
BCS-BEC Crossover and Pairing Fluctuations in a Two Band Superfluid/Superconductor: A T Matrix Approach
by Hiroyuki Tajima, Andrea Perali and Pierbiagio Pieri
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010010 - 21 Jan 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3019
Abstract
We investigate pairing fluctuation effects in a two band fermionic system, where a shallow band in the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer–Bose–Einstein condensation (BCS-BEC) crossover regime is coupled with a weakly interacting deep band. Within a diagrammatic T matrix approach, we report how thermodynamic quantities such as [...] Read more.
We investigate pairing fluctuation effects in a two band fermionic system, where a shallow band in the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer–Bose–Einstein condensation (BCS-BEC) crossover regime is coupled with a weakly interacting deep band. Within a diagrammatic T matrix approach, we report how thermodynamic quantities such as the critical temperature, chemical potential, and momentum distributions undergo the crossover from the BCS to BEC regime by tuning the intraband coupling in the shallow band. We also generalize the definition of Tan’s contact to a two band system and report the two contacts for different pair-exchange couplings. The present results are compared with those obtained by the simpler Nozières–Schmitt–Rink approximation. We confirm a pronounced enhancement of the critical temperature due to the multiband configuration, as well as to the pair-exchange coupling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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10 pages, 2338 KiB  
Article
Sub-THz Waveguide Spectroscopy of Coating Materials for Particle Accelerators
by Andrea Passarelli, Can Koral, Maria Rosaria Masullo, Wilhelmus Vollenberg, Lucia Lain Amador and Antonello Andreone
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010009 - 20 Jan 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
The electromagnetic characterisation of different materials for the inner wall coating of beam pipes is a long-standing problem in accelerator physics, regardless the purpose they are used for, since their presence may affect in an unpredictable way the beam coupling impedance and therefore [...] Read more.
The electromagnetic characterisation of different materials for the inner wall coating of beam pipes is a long-standing problem in accelerator physics, regardless the purpose they are used for, since their presence may affect in an unpredictable way the beam coupling impedance and therefore the machine performance. Moreover, in particle accelerators and storage rings of new generation very short bunches might be required, extending far in frequency the exploration of the beam spectrum and rendering therefore more and more important to assess the coating material response up to hundreds of GHz. This paper describes a time domain method based on THz waveguide spectroscopy to infer the coating properties at very high frequencies. The technique has been tested on Non Evaporable Getter thick films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on copper plates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue THz: Research Frontiers for New Sources, Imaging and Other Advanced Technologies)
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12 pages, 749 KiB  
Article
The TeraFERMI Electro-Optic Sampling Set-Up for Fluence-Dependent Spectroscopic Measurements
by Nidhi Adhlakha, Paola Di Pietro, Federica Piccirilli, Paolo Cinquegrana, Simone Di Mitri, Paolo Sigalotti, Simone Spampinati, Marco Veronese, Stefano Lupi and Andrea Perucchi
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010008 - 20 Jan 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2578
Abstract
TeraFERMI is the THz beamline at the FERMI free-electron-laser facility in Trieste (Italy). It uses superradiant Coherent Transition Radiation emission to produce THz pulses of 10 to 100 μ J intensity over a spectral range which can extend up to 12 THz. TeraFERMI [...] Read more.
TeraFERMI is the THz beamline at the FERMI free-electron-laser facility in Trieste (Italy). It uses superradiant Coherent Transition Radiation emission to produce THz pulses of 10 to 100 μ J intensity over a spectral range which can extend up to 12 THz. TeraFERMI can be used to perform non-linear, fluence-dependent THz spectroscopy and THz-pump/IR-probe measurements. We describe in this paper the optical set-up based on electro-optic-sampling, which is presently in use in our facility and discuss the properties of a representative THz electric field profile measured from our source. The measured electric field profile can be understood as the superimposed emission from two electron bunches of different length, as predicted by electron beam dynamics simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue THz: Research Frontiers for New Sources, Imaging and Other Advanced Technologies)
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10 pages, 919 KiB  
Article
Dynamical Detection of Level Repulsion in the One-Particle Aubry-André Model
by Eduardo Jonathan Torres-Herrera and Lea F. Santos
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010007 - 20 Jan 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2595
Abstract
The analysis of level statistics provides a primary method to detect signatures of chaos in the quantum domain. However, for experiments with ion traps and cold atoms, the energy levels are not as easily accessible as the dynamics. In this work, we discuss [...] Read more.
The analysis of level statistics provides a primary method to detect signatures of chaos in the quantum domain. However, for experiments with ion traps and cold atoms, the energy levels are not as easily accessible as the dynamics. In this work, we discuss how properties of the spectrum that are usually associated with chaos can be directly detected from the evolution of the number operator in the one-dimensional, noninteracting Aubry-André model. Both the quantity and the model are studied in experiments with cold atoms. We consider a single-particle and system sizes experimentally reachable. By varying the disorder strength within values below the critical point of the model, level statistics similar to those found in random matrix theory are obtained. Dynamically, these properties of the spectrum are manifested in the form of a dip below the equilibration point of the number operator. This feature emerges at times that are experimentally accessible. This work is a contribution to a special issue dedicated to Shmuel Fishman. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Quantum Chaos)
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3 pages, 155 KiB  
Editorial
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Condensed Matter in 2019
by Condensed Matter Editorial Office
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010006 - 15 Jan 2020
Viewed by 1441
Abstract
The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who have dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal’s rigorous editorial process over the past 12 months, regardless of whether the papers are finally published or not[...] Full article
11 pages, 4837 KiB  
Article
Micromagnetic Simulation of Vortex Development in Magnetic Bi-Material Bow-Tie Structures
by Devika Sudsom, Irén Juhász Junger, Christoph Döpke, Tomasz Blachowicz, Lothar Hahn and Andrea Ehrmann
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010005 - 12 Jan 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3927
Abstract
Magnetic vortex structures are of high technological relevance due to their possible application in magnetic memory. Moreover, investigating magnetization reversal via vortex formation is an important topic in basic research. Typically, such vortices are only investigated in homogeneous magnetic materials of diverse shapes. [...] Read more.
Magnetic vortex structures are of high technological relevance due to their possible application in magnetic memory. Moreover, investigating magnetization reversal via vortex formation is an important topic in basic research. Typically, such vortices are only investigated in homogeneous magnetic materials of diverse shapes. Here, we report for the first time on micromagnetic simulation of vortex formation in magnetic bow-tie nanostructures, comprising alternating parts from iron and permalloy, investigated for two different thicknesses and under different angles of the external magnetic field. While no vortex was found in pure permalloy square, nanoparticles of the dimensions investigated in this study and in case of iron only a relatively thick sample allowed for vortex formation, different numbers of vortices and antivortices were found in the bow-tie structures prepared from both materials, depending on the angular field orientation and the sample thickness. By stabilizing more than one vortex in a confined nanostructure, it is possible to store more than one bit of information in it. Our micromagnetic simulations reveal that such bi-material structures are highly relevant not only for basic research, but also for data storage applications. Full article
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17 pages, 880 KiB  
Article
Resonant Quantum Kicked Rotor as A Continuous-Time Quantum Walk
by Michele Delvecchio, Francesco Petiziol and Sandro Wimberger
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010004 - 11 Jan 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3512
Abstract
We analytically investigate the analogy between a standard continuous-time quantum walk in one dimension and the evolution of the quantum kicked rotor at quantum resonance conditions. We verify that the obtained probability distributions are equal for a suitable choice of the kick strength [...] Read more.
We analytically investigate the analogy between a standard continuous-time quantum walk in one dimension and the evolution of the quantum kicked rotor at quantum resonance conditions. We verify that the obtained probability distributions are equal for a suitable choice of the kick strength of the rotor. We further discuss how to engineer the evolution of the walk for dynamically preparing experimentally relevant states. These states are important for future applications of the atom-optics kicked rotor for the realization of ratchets and quantum search. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Quantum Chaos)
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21 pages, 880 KiB  
Article
On the Husimi Version of the Classical Limit of Quantum Correlation Functions
by Sreeja Loho Choudhury and Frank Großmann
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010003 - 10 Jan 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2505
Abstract
We extend the Husimi (coherent state) based version of linearized semiclassical theories for the calculation of correlation functions to the case of survival probabilities. This is a case that could be dealt with before only by use of the Wigner version of linearized [...] Read more.
We extend the Husimi (coherent state) based version of linearized semiclassical theories for the calculation of correlation functions to the case of survival probabilities. This is a case that could be dealt with before only by use of the Wigner version of linearized semiclassical theory. Numerical comparisons of the Husimi and the Wigner case with full quantum results as well as with full semiclassical ones will be given for the revival dynamics in a Morse oscillator with and without coupling to an additional harmonic degree of freedom. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Quantum Chaos)
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18 pages, 6510 KiB  
Article
Quantum-Granularity Effect in the Formation of Supermixed Solitons in Ring Lattices
by Andrea Richaud and Vittorio Penna
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010002 - 08 Jan 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2230
Abstract
We investigate a notable class of states peculiar to a bosonic binary mixture featuring repulsive intraspecies and attractive interspecies couplings. We evidence that, for small values of the hopping amplitudes, one can access particular regimes marked by the fact that the interwell boson [...] Read more.
We investigate a notable class of states peculiar to a bosonic binary mixture featuring repulsive intraspecies and attractive interspecies couplings. We evidence that, for small values of the hopping amplitudes, one can access particular regimes marked by the fact that the interwell boson transfer occurs in a jerky fashion. This property is shown to be responsible for the emergence of a staircase-like structure in the phase diagram of a mixture confined in a ring trimer and to resemble the mechanism of the superfluid-Mott insulator transition strongly. Under certain conditions, in fact, we show that it is possible to interpret the interspecies attraction as an effective chemical potential and the supermixed soliton as an effective particle reservoir. Our investigation is developed both within a fully quantum approach based on the analysis of several quantum indicators and by means of a simple analytical approximation scheme capable of capturing the essential features of this ultraquantum effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluctuations and Highly Non-linear Phenomena in Superfluids and Superconductors II)
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25 pages, 4096 KiB  
Article
Uniform Hyperbolicity of a Scattering Map with Lorentzian Potential
by Hajime Yoshino, Ryota Kogawa and Akira Shudo
Condens. Matter 2020, 5(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat5010001 - 30 Dec 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
We show that a two-dimensional area-preserving map with Lorentzian potential is a topological horseshoe and uniformly hyperbolic in a certain parameter region. In particular, we closely examine the so-called sector condition, which is known to be a sufficient condition leading to the uniformly [...] Read more.
We show that a two-dimensional area-preserving map with Lorentzian potential is a topological horseshoe and uniformly hyperbolic in a certain parameter region. In particular, we closely examine the so-called sector condition, which is known to be a sufficient condition leading to the uniformly hyperbolicity of the system. The map will be suitable for testing the fractal Weyl law as it is ideally chaotic yet free from any discontinuities which necessarily invokes a serious effect in quantum mechanics such as diffraction or nonclassical effects. In addition, the map satisfies a reasonable physical boundary condition at infinity, thus it can be a good model describing the ionization process of atoms and molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Many Body Quantum Chaos)
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