A Systematic Map of the Research on Disease Modelling for Agricultural Crops Worldwide
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Objective of the Systematic Map
3. Methods
3.1. Search for Relevant Papers
3.2. Paper Screening and Inclusion Criteria
- consider at least one of the selected crops;
- report about any type of model (e.g., empirical or mechanistic);
- concern any type of model purpose (e.g., scenario analysis, disease prediction, or crop protection);
- consider any step of model development (e.g., mathematical structure, evaluation, or practical implementation);
- focus on plant diseases, their causal agents (fungus, bacteria, virus, or phytoplasma), or their vectors.
3.3. Data Coding Strategy
- Bibliographic information: Authors, title, year of publication, journal, publisher, reference type, language, number of citations, URL or DOI, affiliations of the corresponding author;
- Crop: Common name, code for crop groups. According to the Indicative Crop Classification (ICC) codes [25], crops were divided into the following crop systems: cereals, vegetables and melons, fruits (including nuts), oilseed crops, root and tuber crops, beverage and spice crops, leguminous crops, sugar crops, and other crops (Table 2);
- Location of study: Country. The affiliation of the corresponding author was used to define the location of the study. The countries were listed as indicated by the FAO based on the ISO 3166 international standard [26];
- Disease-causing organism: Scientific name of the causal agent, vector, or disease when specified in the title, and kingdom of the causal agent. Papers in which the disease-causing organism was not specified in the title were coded as “generic”;Study scope: Based on the title of the model, each model was assigned to the following categories according to its scope and purpose: (i) model for system representation and understanding; (ii) model for tactical disease management; (iii) model for strategic planning; and (iv) model for scenario analysis. The main characteristics and examples of papers for each category are listed in Table 3. These categories were described based on the terminology and contributions of Zadoks, Rabbinge, and Rossi [8,27,28].
4. Results
4.1. When Were Papers on Plant Disease Models Published?
4.2. In Which Countries Have Plant Disease Models Been Developed?
4.3. Which Crops Were Targeted in Disease Modelling?
4.4. Which Pathogen Kingdoms Were Considered?
4.5. For Which Scope the Models Were Developed?
5. Implications for Future Development of Plant Disease Models
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Thematic Block | Search Strings |
---|---|
Modeling | model* OR simulat* OR predict* OR forecast* OR prognos* |
Plant disease | disease* OR pathog* OR epidem* OR infect* |
Topic to exclude | molec* OR gen* OR “image recognition” OR weed OR locus OR Arabidopsis OR Brachypodium OR cell OR human OR celiac OR coeliac OR cancer OR allergy OR hyper* OR rat OR mouse |
Crop System | Crops (Number of Selected Papers) |
---|---|
1. Cereals | Barley (17), Maize (15), Millet (1), Oats (2), Rice (30), Rye (2), Sorghum (4), Wheat (143) |
2. Vegetables and melon | Artichokes (1), Asparagus (2), Brassicas (12), Carrots (9), Cucumbers (7), Eggplants (1), Garlic (1), Leeks (1), Lettuce (5), Melon (1), Onion (18), Quinoa (1), Tomatoes (19), Watermelon (1) |
3. Fruits and nuts | Apple (44), Banana (8), Cherries (2), Citrus (28), Grape (51), Kiwi (1), Mango (7), Nectarines (6), Nuts (20), Papaya (1), Pears (13), Pineapple (1), Pistachios (2), Plantain (4), Plums (2), Strawberries (20) |
4. Oilseed crops | Coconut (2), Mustard (4), Oil palm (2), Olives (3), Rapeseed (33), Safflower (1), Soybeans (38), Sunflower (3) |
5. Root and tuber crops | Cassava (5), Potatoes (80) |
6. Beverage and spice crops | Chillies (5), Cocoa (1), Coffee (7) |
7. Leguminous crops | Beans (15), Lentils (1), Peas (11) |
8. Sugar crops | Sugar beet (17), Sugar cane (6) |
9. Other crops | Cotton (11), Hops (9), Persimmon (1), Poppy (1), Rubber (2), Tobacco (6) |
Scope Category | Examples of Scope | Examples of Papers |
---|---|---|
1. System representation and understanding | 1.1 Effect of environmental or agronomical variables on disease development 1.2 Simulation of epidemic development in time and/or space 1.3 Simulation of yield losses due to disease development 1.4 Evaluation or validation of previously developed models | [29,30,31,32,33,34,35] |
2. Tactical disease management | 2.1 Schedule of crop protection interventions 2.2 Best timing and frequency of disease control measures | [36,37,38,39,40] |
3. Strategic planning | 3.1 Evaluation of disease risk distribution (spatial, climatic, or geographic) | [41,42,43,44] |
4. Scenario analysis | 4.1 Simulation, interpretation, and evaluation of crop protection scenarios | [45,46,47] |
Kingdom | No. of Papers |
---|---|
Fungi | 501 |
Chromista | 101 |
Generic 1 | 51 |
Bacteria (vector) | 41 (3) |
Virus (vector) | 48 (17) |
Protista | 4 |
Animalia | 2 |
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Fedele, G.; Brischetto, C.; Rossi, V.; Gonzalez-Dominguez, E. A Systematic Map of the Research on Disease Modelling for Agricultural Crops Worldwide. Plants 2022, 11, 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060724
Fedele G, Brischetto C, Rossi V, Gonzalez-Dominguez E. A Systematic Map of the Research on Disease Modelling for Agricultural Crops Worldwide. Plants. 2022; 11(6):724. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060724
Chicago/Turabian StyleFedele, Giorgia, Chiara Brischetto, Vittorio Rossi, and Elisa Gonzalez-Dominguez. 2022. "A Systematic Map of the Research on Disease Modelling for Agricultural Crops Worldwide" Plants 11, no. 6: 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060724