Isolation, Identification, and Biocontrol Potential of Root Fungal Endophytes Associated with Solanaceous Plants against Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Roots of Solanaceous Plants
2.2. Screening of Endophytes for Anti-Oomycete Activity
2.3. Characterization of the Fungal Endophytes
2.4. In Vitro Activity of Endophytic Fungi against Mycelial Growth of P. infestans
2.5. Potential of Endophytes Secreting Volatile Organic Compounds Active against P. infestans
2.6. Effect of Crude Extracts from Selected Endophytes on Sporangial Germination of P. infestans
2.7. In Vivo Activity of the Crude Extracts against P. infestans
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sampling Regions and Collection of Plant Materials
4.2. Isolation of Fungal Root Endophytes and P. infestans
4.3. Primary Screening of Endophytes for Anti-Oomycete Activity against P. infestans
4.4. DNA Extraction, PCR Conditions, and Sequencing
4.5. Establishment the Anti-Oomycete Activity of the Endophytes
4.6. Impact of Volatile Organic Compounds Extracted from the Endophytes on Mycelial Growth of P. infestans
4.7. Suppressive Activity of Crude Extracts of Root Endophytic Fungi against Sporangial Germination of P. infestans
4.8. Activity of the Crude Extracts against P. infestans on Detached Potato Leaflets
4.9. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolates | Accession Numbers | Host Plant | Best BLAST Match (Accession Number) | Identity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
KB1S2-7 | MG214581 | Capsicum annum | Macrophomina phaseolina (KT862032) | 99 |
NA2S2-45 | MG214587 | Solanum nigrum | Mucor moelleri (KP900321) | 99 |
KA1S1-37 | MG214583 | S. nigrum | Macrophomina phaseolina (FJ395243) | 100 |
OA3S1-49 | MG214585 | S. nigrum | Macrophomina phaseolina (KT768130) | 100 |
KA1S4-40 | MG214584 | S. nigrum | Macrophomina phaseolina (KT768130) | 100 |
OA3S1-51 | MG214604 | S. nigrum | Rhizoctonia solani (JQ616871) | 100 |
NP2S2-61 | MG214605 | S. tuberosum | Rhizoctonia solani (KT783526) | 99 |
KA1S1-34 | MG214568 | S. nigrum | Aspergillus aculeatus (KJ862074) | 100 |
KB1S1-3 | MG214573 | C. annum | Aspergillus sp. (EF669604) | 99 |
KT1S1-20 | MG214569 | Lycopersicon esculentum | Aspergillus flavipes (KC426997) | 100 |
OA1S1-46 | MG214592 | S. nigrum | Penicillium simplicissimum (KM396382) | 99 |
KB1S4-8 | MG214560 | C. annum | Albifimbria terrestris (KU845884) | 99 |
KB2S2-17 | MG214582 | C. annum | Macrophomina phaseolina (JN672592) | 100 |
KB2S4-18 | MG214565 | C. annum | Ascomycota sp. (KT240142) | 100 |
KB1S4-10 | MG214561 | C. annum | Albifimbria terrestris (KU845884) | 99 |
KT1S1-21 | MG214571 | L. esculentum | Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis (JQ647894) | 100 |
KT1S1-24 | MG214575 | L. esculentum | Aspergillus terreus (KP793450) | 99 |
KT2S1-27 | MG214576 | L. esculentum | Aspergillus terreus (KX011595) | 100 |
KB1S4-13 | MG214590 | C. annum | Penicillium oxalicum (KU743897) | 100 |
KB3S4-19 | MG214579 | C. annum | Cylindrobasidium evolvens (KT201654) | 100 |
KT3S4-33 | MG214567 | L. esculentum | Aspergillus aculeatus (KM278131) | 100 |
KT1S1-22 | MG214574 | L. esculentum | Aspergillus terreus (KT778597) | 100 |
OA3S1-52 | MG214598 | S. nigrum | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici (AB695298) | 99 |
KB2S2-16 | MG214586 | C. annum | Massarinaceae sp. (JF502440) | 97 |
KB1S4-9 | MG214563 | C. annum | Fungal endophyte isolate (KP335438) | 99 |
NP1S4-59 | MG214578 | S. tuberosum | Colletotrichum coccodes (JX294026) | 99 |
NA2S2-44 | MG214591 | S. nigrum | Penicillium simplicissimum (KM396382) | 99 |
KA1S2-39 | MG214580 | S. nigrum | Epicoccum nigrum (KT276982) | 100 |
OA2S1-48 | MG214595 | S. nigrum | Plectosphaerella oligotrophica (KX446769) | 99 |
KB1S4-11 | MG214588 | C. annum | Myrothecium cinctum (DQ135998) | 100 |
OA3S1-50 | MG214594 | S. nigrum | Plectosphaerella cucumerina (KT826571) | 100 |
KB1S4-12 | MG214570 | C. annum | Aspergillus foveolatus (AB249010) | 100 |
KT1S1-23 | MG214572 | L. esculentum | Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis (JQ647894) | 100 |
KA1S1-35 | MG214577 | S. nigrum | Aspergillus terreus (KM491895) | 99 |
NP1S5-64 | MG214602 | S. tuberosum | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici (AY649593) | 99 |
NP2S1-55 | MG214599 | S. tuberosum | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici (AY649594) | 100 |
NP2S1-60 | MG214603 | S. tuberosum | Uncultured Pyrenochaeta (JQ247357) | 100 |
KB1S1-1 | MG214596 | C. annum | Purpureocillium lilacinum (KT224843) | 100 |
NP3S4-63 | MG214593 | S. tuberosum | Periconia sp. (KP269005) | 97 |
KA2S1-42 | MG214566 | S. nigrum | Uncultured Pleosporales (GU909731) | 94 |
NP2S1-56 | MG214600 | S. tuberosum | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici (AY649594) | 100 |
NP3S2-62 | MG214601 | S. tuberosum | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici (AY649594) | 100 |
OA1S1-47 | MG214597 | S. nigrum | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici (KF494161) | 100 |
KB1S1-4 | MG214562 | C. annum | Uncultured fungus (FJ528715) | 99 |
KT2S2-29 | MG214589 | L. esculentum | Penicillium citrinum (KT385733) | 100 |
KB2S2-15 | MG214564 | C. annum | Uncultured ectomycorrhiza (JX043219) | 91 |
Isolate | Highest BLAST Affinities | Mycelial Growth Inhibition (%) * | Inhibition Zone (mm) * |
---|---|---|---|
T16 | Trichoderma harzianum | 84.5 a | - |
KB1S2-7 | Macrophomina phaseolina | 78.8 ab | - |
KA1S1-34 | Aspergillus aculeatus | 76.7 ab | - |
NA2S2-45 | Mucor moelleri | 73.8 ab | - |
KB2S2-17 | Macrophomina phaseolina | 72.0 ab | - |
KA1S1-37 | Macrophomina phaseolina | 70.4 ab | - |
OA3S1-49 | Macrophomina phaseolina | 70.2 ab | - |
KA1S4-40 | Macrophomina phaseolina | 69.2 ab | - |
OA3S1-51 | Rhizoctonia solani | 69.2 ab | - |
NP2S2-61 | Rhizoctonia solani | 68.3 bc | - |
KB1S1-3 | Aspergillus sp. | 68.2 bc | - |
OA1S1-46 | Penicillium simplicissimum | 56.3 dc | - |
KB2S4-18 | Ascomycota sp. | 54.1 de | - |
KT1S1-23 | Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis | 53.5 de | 9.3 cd |
KA1S1-35 | Aspergillus terreus | 52.0 d–f | 7.0 c–e |
KB1S4-10 | Albifimbria terrestris | 51.8 d–f | - |
KT1S1-21 | Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis | 49.5 d–g | - |
KT1S1-24 | Aspergillus terreus | 47.0 d–h | - |
NP1S4-59 | Colletotrichum coccodes | 46.9 d–h | - |
KT2S1-27 | Aspergillus terreus | 46.5 d–h | - |
NA2S2-44 | Penicillium simplicissimum | 45.0 d–i | - |
NP1S5-64 | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici | 43.9 d–j | 10.0 cd |
KB1S4-13 | Penicillium oxalicum | 43.5 d–j | - |
NP2S1-55 | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici | 42.9 e–k | 7.6 c–e |
KB1S4-8 | Albifimbria terrestris | 41.5 e–k | - |
NP2S1-60 | Uncultured Pyrenochaeta | 39.4 f–l | 17.0 a |
KB1S1-1 | Purpureocillium lilacinum | 39.0 f–l | 6.5 de |
KA1S2-39 | Epicoccum nigrum | 39.0 f–l | - |
NP3S4-63 | Periconia sp. | 38.4 g–m | 11.0 bc |
KB3S4-19 | Cylindrobasidium evolvens | 37.3 g–m | - |
KA2S1-42 | Uncultured Pleosporales | 37.0 g–n | 18.3 a |
NP2S1-56 | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici | 36.5 g–n | 11.3 bc |
KT3S4-33 | Aspergillus aculeatus | 36.4 g–o | - |
NP3S2-62 | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici | 34.5 h–o | 7.3 c–e |
KT1S1-20 | Aspergillus flavipes | 32.2 i–p | - |
OA1S1-47 | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici | 31.4 j–q | 8.0 c–e |
KT1S1-22 | Aspergillus terreus | 31.1 j–q | - |
OA2S1-48 | Plectosphaerella oligotrophica | 30.5 k–q | - |
KB1S4-11 | Myrothecium cinctum | 28.1 l–r | - |
OA3S1-50 | Plectosphaerella cucumerina | 26.1 m–r | - |
OA3S1-52 | Pyrenochaeta lycopersici | 24.7 n–r | - |
KB1S1-4 | Uncultured fungus | 24.2 o–r | 18.8 a |
KB1S4-12 | Aspergillus foveolatus | 22.3 p–s | - |
KB2S2-16 | Massarinaceae sp. | 20.1 q–s | - |
KB1S4-9 | Fungal endophyte isolate | 20.0 q–s | - |
KT2S2-29 | Penicillium citrinum | 18.9 rs | 4.8 e |
KB2S2-15 | Uncultured ectomycorrhiza | 13.3 s | 14.8 ab |
CEs Source | Inhibition (%) 1 | |
---|---|---|
Sporangial Germination 2 | Germ tube Growth 3 | |
KB2S2-15 | 100.00 a | 100.00 a |
KA2S1-42 | 100.00 a | 100.00 a |
KB1S1-4 | 69.38 b | 82.73 b |
NA2S2-45 | 30.04 c | −1.92 e |
Acetone (solvent) control | 0.00 d | 0.00 e |
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El-Hasan, A.; Ngatia, G.; Link, T.I.; Voegele, R.T. Isolation, Identification, and Biocontrol Potential of Root Fungal Endophytes Associated with Solanaceous Plants against Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans). Plants 2022, 11, 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11121605
El-Hasan A, Ngatia G, Link TI, Voegele RT. Isolation, Identification, and Biocontrol Potential of Root Fungal Endophytes Associated with Solanaceous Plants against Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans). Plants. 2022; 11(12):1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11121605
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Hasan, Abbas, Grace Ngatia, Tobias I. Link, and Ralf T. Voegele. 2022. "Isolation, Identification, and Biocontrol Potential of Root Fungal Endophytes Associated with Solanaceous Plants against Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)" Plants 11, no. 12: 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11121605