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Water
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Advances in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment
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Advances in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 5367

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. J. Jaime Sadhwani Alonso

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Process Engineering, Campus de Tafira Baja, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Interests: desalination; membrane; water treatment; water purification and reuse; solar photovoltaic and solar thermal
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jenifer Vaswani Reboso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Process Engineering, Campus de Tafira Baja, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Interests: desalination; water treatment; water purification and reuse; wastewater
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this special edition, we intend to compile the most relevant research related to water treatment based on desalination technologies. These tools have been applied to wastewater treatment in order to regenerate water for reuse, and techniques have been developed to obtain drinking water for humans as well as for agricultural purposes from brackish water or seawater.

Some of the drawbacks of desalination technologies are their energy consumption and the environmental problem of brine discharges. This Special Issue will also include the latest research on the best available techniques to reduce the consumption of energy, in addition to measures for the prevention and/or mitigation of environmental problems caused by brine.

Finally, new technological developments are aimed at new membrane processes which will be presented in this edition. The topics to be discussed, among others, will be:

  • Wastewater regeneration;
  • Water–energy nexus;
  • Elimination of emerging pollutants with membrane technologies;
  • Advanced membrane process technologies;
  • Minimization of environmental problems.

Prof. Dr. J. Jaime Sadhwani Alonso
Dr. Jenifer Vaswani Reboso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced wastewater technology
  • membrane technology
  • desalination
  • osmotic pressure
  • energy recovery
  • wastewater reuse
  • membrane fouling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1021 KiB  
Article
Batch-Mode Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors for Expanded Treatment Flexibility
by Carolina Díaz-García and Laura E. Christianson
Water 2024, 16(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020206 - 06 Jan 2024
Viewed by 710
Abstract
Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors successfully remove nitrates from reverse osmosis desalinization brine. On-farm desalination plants only operate for several hours per day in batch mode, meaning bioreactors should also operate in batch cycles, although this type of bioreactor operation is relatively unstudied. This study [...] Read more.
Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors successfully remove nitrates from reverse osmosis desalinization brine. On-farm desalination plants only operate for several hours per day in batch mode, meaning bioreactors should also operate in batch cycles, although this type of bioreactor operation is relatively unstudied. This study compared two tests of three cycles of 24 h per week with two treatments each (Test 1 8 vs. 24 h, and Test 2 8 vs. 12 h). Cylindrical pilot-scale bioreactors were filled with 130 kg of citrus woodchips and an average of 322 L of brine. The results show that the treatments with longer saturation periods of 24 and 12 h exhibited higher removal rates under operational conditions (i.e., 8 h flooding based on a 24 h cycle) than the 8 h treatment. However, the nitrate removal rates of the 8 h treatment were higher under fill cycle conditions (i.e., 8 h flooding based on an 8 h cycle). Dissolved organic carbon liberated from the woodchips was greater in treatments with longer drying periods (i.e., treatments with shorter saturation periods). Batch bioreactors should be considered under applicable conditions to increase nitrate removal rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment)
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17 pages, 4345 KiB  
Article
Advances in Drinking Water Treatment through Piloting with UF Membranes
by Federico A. Leon-Zerpa, Jenifer Vaswani-Reboso, Tomas Tavares, Alejandro Ramos-Martín and Carlos A. Mendieta-Pino
Water 2023, 15(6), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061031 - 08 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1458
Abstract
This manuscript presents the advances of a pilot testing, located in Spain, using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes to supply drinking water. These results could be extended to the islands of the Macaronesia area, for instance, Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and Cape Verde. The UF project [...] Read more.
This manuscript presents the advances of a pilot testing, located in Spain, using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes to supply drinking water. These results could be extended to the islands of the Macaronesia area, for instance, Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and Cape Verde. The UF project targeted by the pilot activity is a refurbishment of an existing installation. The existing installation is located at a higher altitude, thus drinking water could be supplied to most of the island without further pumping, reducing the carbon footprint, ecological footprint, and energy consumption. The raw water is soft surface water (mainly of rainwater origin) coming from a dam. On the islands of Macaronesia, water is a scarce resource in high demand. Therefore, this is a technically and economically viable business opportunity with a promising future for isolated water treatment systems to produce drinking water on islands. The Macaronesia area is formed by volcanic islands with a small surface in the Atlantic Ocean, so usually there is not enough space for conventional technology and only a compact UF can be used. The raw water quality is not satisfactory and the municipality receives many complaints from end users, thus a potable water plant with UF membranes is in high demand to supply drinking water of good quality. Membrane processes can be categorized into various, related methods, three of which include the following: pore size, molecular weight cut-off, and operating pressure. Regarding the obtained results, the UF system successfully produced excellent filtrate quality with turbidity readings on average less than 0.03 NTU; furthermore, membrane instantaneous flux of 90 Lmh at 14 °C is achievable with long-term stability under various feed water conditions, peak operations are available at 105 Lmh without a large impact on the filtration performance of the modules, and CIP is only to be performed if the TMP increase reaches the terminal point. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment)
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Review

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33 pages, 7299 KiB  
Review
Navigating Produced Water Sustainability in the Oil and Gas Sector: A Critical Review of Reuse Challenges, Treatment Technologies, and Prospects Ahead
by Fatick Nath, Mohammed Omar Sahed Chowdhury and Md. Masudur Rhaman
Water 2023, 15(23), 4088; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234088 - 25 Nov 2023
Viewed by 2576
Abstract
The petroleum industry produces a large amount of wastewater, known as produced water (PW), during oil production and processing. This PW contains hazardous organic and inorganic components that can harm the environment. Conventional treatment methods have been used to purify PW, but they [...] Read more.
The petroleum industry produces a large amount of wastewater, known as produced water (PW), during oil production and processing. This PW contains hazardous organic and inorganic components that can harm the environment. Conventional treatment methods have been used to purify PW, but they do not meet environmental regulations, especially when the goal is to reuse the water. Therefore, further research is needed to find an effective technology for managing PW. This review focuses on the characteristics and management of PW originating from oil and gas fields. Firstly, we provide a detailed overview of PW production scenarios worldwide and in the US with detailed quantities and chemical compositions of organic, inorganic, and physicochemical characteristics. Secondly, challenges and environmental concerns associated with treating PW are discussed. Thirdly, all relevant treatment technologies for PW are systematically explored. In addition, this review highlights the management of PW and suggests treatment options and best practices for the industry, and finally, future research needs and opportunities for sustainable water treatment and effective reuse technologies are addressed. Because PW contains a variety of severe contaminants, single methods have not been effective in converting it to a reusable form or fulfilling disposal criteria. As a result, integrated technologies may provide a potential approach that not only meets regulatory standards but also provides chances to employ PW as a non-conventional water supply. Advances in PW management are critical and demand a defined framework and risk-based approach to determine and build the most efficient plan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment)
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