Membrane in Urban Water Purification

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 November 2018) | Viewed by 4683

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Department of Process Engineering, Campus de Tafira Baja, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Interests: desalination; membrane; water treatment; water purification and reuse; solar photovoltaic and solar thermal
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water, today, has become one of the main problems of humanity. Water resources are insufficient as there are a number of evidence that affect us, such as the unequal distribution of these on Earth, the adverse weather conditions that frequently are increasing and condemning certain areas of a bigger reduction of water yields, the incessant rise in the demands that we face to tend to the needs of the population,  overexploitation of natural resources, the progressive saline intrusion of aquifers, etc.

Water has a huge economic, social and environmental importance, so the search for the precious liquid has become an intensive process in the water policies of different countries. Therefore, the provision of water suitable for human consumption has now become a problem of vital importance for the population. Water desalination has led to a new strategy for water supply, especially in areas with high water stress and with opportunities of abundant new alternative sources of supply (seawater and brackish). Desalination technologies allow greater savings and efficiency in water use, exploitation of resources that were unusable previously, like the peculiar case of sea water, as well as a greater guarantee of supply in terms of availability and quality, particularly in areas with poor water resources. These areas often merge several factors that greatly favor the use of desalination.

In general, water desalination processes have contributed to a better standard of living in a number of countries in the second half of the 20th century, following an increase in water demand for drinking purposes, as well as industrial and agricultural uses. However, the technologies used in water desalination are also accompanied by adverse environmental effects.

Desalination of seawater and brackish water technology has become an important an ever-increasing industry, which has contributed to the social, economic, human health and environmental aspects and adequately addresses the water scarcity present in some countries.

Prof. Dr. J. Jaime Sadhwani Alonso
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • desalination
  • membrane processes
  • environmental impacts
  • freshwater quality
  • energy efficiency
  • renewable energies
  • climate change
  • health risks

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3225 KiB  
Article
Operating Cost Reduction of In-line Coagulation/Ultrafiltration Membrane Process Attributed to Coagulation Condition Optimization for Irreversible Fouling Control
by Sung Soo Yoo
Water 2018, 10(8), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081076 - 11 Aug 2018
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4243
Abstract
This study examined the optimum coagulation conditions for reducing irreversible fouling during the in-line coagulation/ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process and assessed the decrease in operating cost. The coagulation conditions that generated charge-neutralization, sweep-flocculation, and under-dosing mechanisms were obtained by a jar-test, and a pilot-scale [...] Read more.
This study examined the optimum coagulation conditions for reducing irreversible fouling during the in-line coagulation/ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process and assessed the decrease in operating cost. The coagulation conditions that generated charge-neutralization, sweep-flocculation, and under-dosing mechanisms were obtained by a jar-test, and a pilot-scale in-line coagulation/UF membrane process was operated under the coagulation conditions. Charge-neutralization and sweep-flocculation mechanisms reduced irreversible fouling effectively, and the under-dosing mechanism was able to reduce irreversible fouling only when flocs of a certain size or larger were formed. This revealed that floc size was a more important factor in reducing irreversible fouling than floc structure, and once initial cake layers were created by flocs of a fixed size, the structure of formed cake layers had only a minor effect on irreversible fouling. Regarding reduction in operating cost, 0.5 mg/L and 3 h, which were necessary to produce an under-dosing mechanism, were deemed the optimum coagulant dosage and coagulant injection time, respectively, to reduce irreversible fouling. In order to analyze the operating cost reduction effect, a pilot plant was operated under optimum operating conditions, and the total operating cost was approximately 11.2% lower than without in-line coagulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membrane in Urban Water Purification)
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