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Water
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Renewable Energy System Flexibility for Water Desalination: Volume II
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Renewable Energy System Flexibility for Water Desalination: Volume II

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water-Energy Nexus".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2023) | Viewed by 3149

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Siamak Hoseinzadeh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Planning, Design, Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy
Interests: energy systems; multi-objective optimization; desalination; solar photovoltaics (pv); net-zero energy buildings; energy and environment assessments; computational fluid dynamics; heat transfer; thermal energy; renewable energy; nanotechnology; smart windows
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Considering the world’s scarcity of drinking water, ‎the problems associated with fossil energy (such as pollution and non-renewability), and the preference for dispersed ‎freshwater production over concentrated production, the design of a desalination system ‎that is integrated with renewable energies is critical.‎ Due to its reduced energy consumption in ‎the production and transfer of freshwater, this type of design could reduce the production of environmental pollutants. Thus, for this Special Issue, we invite authors to submit research on renewable energy system flexibility in desalination systems with regard to the water–energy nexus and water security.

We also encourage papers that demonstrate innovation in domestic desalination systems that are integrated with renewable energy systems. These devices can ‎also be used in residential buildings, on sea shores, and even in rivers with non-potable fresh‎water.‎ These systems can be powered by renewable energy (such as solar, wind or geothermal) and can produce freshwater, reduce pollutant production, reduce the cost of freshwater transfer to homes, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.‎ Additionally, the market for these types of domestic desalination system consists of reverse osmosis (RO) systems.

This Special Issue also welcomes research on renewable energy-driven systems in power plants that use desalination systems for freshwater production. Authors are welcome to submit innovative ideas that address the design of desalination systems with renewable energy by analyzing them in terms of energy, exergy, economics, and exergoeconomics. ‎

Dr. Siamak Hoseinzadeh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • desalination technology
  • freshwater
  • water–energy nexus
  • low-carbon renewable energy
  • domestic desalination system
  • evaporative vacuum easy desalination
  • solar energy
  • wind energy
  • geothermal energy
  • energy analysis
  • exergy analysis
  • reverse osmosis desalination
  • thermodynamic optimization

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 13832 KiB  
Article
Prevention of Water Seepage Impact on the Soluble Rocks Using Colloidal Silica
by Aram Aziz, Abbas Soroush, Seyed Mohammad Fattahi, Reza Imam and Mehrdad Ghahremani
Water 2024, 16(9), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16091211 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Water seepage flow can dissolve soluble minerals that exist in rock formations. With the development of the excavated area due to dissolution, the water seepage velocity (discharge) into the dissolved rock will also increase. Therefore, water seepage and dissolution propagation are two interrelated [...] Read more.
Water seepage flow can dissolve soluble minerals that exist in rock formations. With the development of the excavated area due to dissolution, the water seepage velocity (discharge) into the dissolved rock will also increase. Therefore, water seepage and dissolution propagation are two interrelated processes. Mosul Dam foundation has experienced these processes since its construction, resulting in karstification in the reservoir and foundation of the dam. The present seepage-dissolution measure to minimize this phenomenon relies on traditional cementitious grouts. However, this measure has not been able to address the issue effectively. Currently, there are a few studies on the chemical remediation of soluble rocks under the influence of high-velocity water flow and water pressure. Therefore, the first part of the current study focuses on the impact of high-velocity water flow and water pressure on the dissolution acceleration of gypsum/anhydrite rocks. In the second part, the waterproof capacity of silica colloidal and its impact on the solubility reduction of the rocks is evaluated. Two distinct laboratory models were designed to simulate rock dissolution in the dam abutments and under the dam. Two sets of experiments were conducted on untreated and silica-treated samples. The experiments were executed on the samples extracted from Fatha Formation outcrop and problematic layers of brecciated gypsum situated at varying depths of the Mosul Dam foundation. The obtained findings reveal that the colloidal silica grout markedly prevents the water seepage impact on the soluble rock and that it can be very useful as an alternative to cement-based grouts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy System Flexibility for Water Desalination: Volume II)
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17 pages, 3593 KiB  
Article
Proposal of a Reflector-Enhanced Solar Still Concept and Its Comparison with Conventional Solar Stills
by Mehdi Soltanian, Siamak Hoseinzadeh and Davide Astiaso Garcia
Water 2024, 16(2), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020355 - 21 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 906
Abstract
Water scarcity is a global concern and poses significant problems to countries with arid and semi-arid climates, like Iran. Considering financial difficulties, a lack of knowledge about high-tech alternatives, low incomes, a lack of access to high-tech tools, and low maintenance capabilities in [...] Read more.
Water scarcity is a global concern and poses significant problems to countries with arid and semi-arid climates, like Iran. Considering financial difficulties, a lack of knowledge about high-tech alternatives, low incomes, a lack of access to high-tech tools, and low maintenance capabilities in developing countries, solar still desalination is a decent technology for providing proper water, especially for rural areas. However, the low water-production rate using this method dictates a very vast area requirement for solar still farms in order to provide significant amounts of water. In this research, we proposed a mirror-enhanced solar still and mathematically compared its water-production rate to that of conventional ones. In comparison to conventional solar stills, our proposed reflector-enhanced solar still benefits from several improvements, including lower glass temperatures, increased water basing temperatures, and receiving much more solar irradiation. Hence, the proposed system can increase water production from 7.5 L/day to 24 L/day. The results showed that the proposed method is highly effective and could be used in field-scale projects in arid and semi-arid climates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy System Flexibility for Water Desalination: Volume II)
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15 pages, 2468 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall in Semi-Arid Area Using Artificial Intelligence Models (Case Study: Ilam Province, Iran)
by Navid Moradpoor, Mohsen Najarchi and Seyed Mohammad Mirhoseini Hezave
Water 2023, 15(19), 3521; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193521 - 09 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 784
Abstract
Ilam province is located in the southwest of Iran, and the primary motivation for this research is to study different dimensions of rainfall fluctuations in the Ilam province. This study is of great importance for the management of the environment in terms of [...] Read more.
Ilam province is located in the southwest of Iran, and the primary motivation for this research is to study different dimensions of rainfall fluctuations in the Ilam province. This study is of great importance for the management of the environment in terms of the application of rainfall distribution in different areas. After collecting the data, first, the average number of rainfall months for each of the studied stations for a period was obtained. Then the data were arranged numerically in the order of Gregorian months. Ultra-innovative artificial intelligence methods were used to perform spatial–temporal analysis. The results show that in autumn and winter all three factors were influential on rainfall in the region. The equation method of regression line trend was used to express the changes in rainfall in the study period, and it was concluded that during this period the rainfall trend in March, June, and December in all stations was decreasing. In May, all stations had an upward trend except for Harsin station. In other months, there are decreasing and increasing trends among the stations. The general trend for rainfall during the study period is also one of decreasing. Regarding the results, the standard deviation for the simulation is equal to 10.22 for autumn and 12.35% for winter. This value is about 17.97% and 7.19%, respectively, for the observed rainfall. The results show there are no significant differences between the model and measured data, so the artificial network is applicable for the simulated monthly precipitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy System Flexibility for Water Desalination: Volume II)
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24 pages, 4708 KiB  
Article
Investigating and Modeling of the Scour Downstream of a Tree Trunk Deflector in a Straight Channel
by Hadi Rashidi, Mohsen Najarchi and Seyed Mohammad Mirhosseini Hezaveh
Water 2023, 15(19), 3483; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193483 - 04 Oct 2023
Viewed by 680
Abstract
Scouring depends on several factors, including the water flow of artificial obstacles, sections, piers, and foundations, the disturbance of bed materials, and soil permeability. The other factors are the non-parallelism between piers and the water flow, the type of river activity (static or [...] Read more.
Scouring depends on several factors, including the water flow of artificial obstacles, sections, piers, and foundations, the disturbance of bed materials, and soil permeability. The other factors are the non-parallelism between piers and the water flow, the type of river activity (static or dynamic), and the existence of a waterfall or an obstacle that forms a waterfall in natural bed materials, causing the underlying bed materials to be washed away. This study fully investigated how the movement of a tree trunk affects a river’s flow by considering different flow conditions using the artificial neural network (ANN) model. A feedforward optimal network with the error back-propagation training algorithm and sigmoid transfer functions was used for four models. To determine the number of neurons in the hidden layer, one and ten neurons were selected in the hidden layer according to verification indicators. In addition, a physical model was utilized to measure data. To verify and test the models, our data were gathered in a laboratory using the physical model. Considering the network structure of one neuron in the hidden layer, a comparison was made between dimensional and dimensionless parameter models that are effective in terms of the dimensions of the scour hole. The comparison between the results of the ANN and the measured data using nonlinear regression models demonstrated that the ANN was more accurate and capable of simulating phenomena. Additionally, R and RMSE values were between 0.93 and 0.98, as well as 0.18 and 0.013, respectively. Finally, the results related to the width, height, length, and depth of the scour revealed that the modified DOT model had the best agreement with Mahdavizadeh’s measured data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy System Flexibility for Water Desalination: Volume II)
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