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Toxics
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New Advances in Analytical Method of Emerging Contaminants and Risk...
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New Advances in Analytical Method of Emerging Contaminants and Risk Assessment

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 8053

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daniel Drage

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Interests: sediments; water quality; environmental analytical chemistry; wastewater treatment; environment; environmental pollution; environmental analysis; environmental monitoring; wastewater analysis; environment protection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting the submission of papers focusing on the subject of our Special Issue, entitled “New Advances in Analytical Method of Emerging Contaminants and Risk Assessment”. Alongside changes in legislation and rapidly evolving industries, there is a continuous stream of emerging contaminants entering our environment.

In particular, I am interested in articles that address advancements in the analysis of emerging chemical flame retardants, perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products, any other emerging contaminants in:

  • Matrices for assessing the internal exposure/body burden (e.g., blood/serum/urine/tissue) of emerging contaminants;
  • Matrices likely to lead to human exposure, e.g., air, drinking water or dust;
  • Any matrix likely to lead to environmental exposure, e.g., surface water, soils or sediments;
  • Advances in risk assessment procedures for exposure to emerging contaminants.

I look forward to reading your contributions.

Dr. Daniel Drage
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging contaminants
  • persistent organic pollutants
  • organophosphate esters
  • perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS)
  • pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)
  • flame retardants
  • dust
  • soil
  • drinking water

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1943 KiB  
Article
Developing an Improved Strategy for the Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Contaminated Soils Using a Combination of a One-Step Cleanup Method and Gas Chromatography with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
by Haena Chu, Jungmin Jo, Younggyu Son, Ji Yi Lee and Yun Gyong Ahn
Toxics 2023, 11(9), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090738 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 887
Abstract
Soils contaminated with polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like (dl) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have garnered global attention because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment. The standard method for target analytes has been used; however, it [...] Read more.
Soils contaminated with polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like (dl) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have garnered global attention because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment. The standard method for target analytes has been used; however, it is an obstacle in large-scale sample analysis due to the comprehensive sample preparation and high-cost instrumental analysis. Thus, analytical development of inexpensive methods with lower barriers to determine PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs in soil is needed. In this study, a one-step cleanup method was developed and validated by combining a multilayer silica gel column and Florisil micro-column followed by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS). To optimize the separation and quantification of 17 PCDDs/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs in soils, the sample cleanup and instrumental conditions were investigated. For quantification method validation, spiking experiments were conducted to determine the linearity of the calibration, recovery, and method detection limit of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs using isotopic dilution GC-QqQ-MS/MS. The applicability of the simultaneous determination of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs was confirmed by the recovery of native target congeners and labeled surrogate congeners spiked into the quality-control and actual soil samples. The results were in good agreement with the requirements imposed by standard methods. The findings in this work demonstrated the high accessibility of the sample cleanup and analysis methods for the efficient determination of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs in contaminated soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Analytical Method of Emerging Contaminants and Risk Assessment)
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15 pages, 1046 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Quantification of 16 Bisphenol Analogues in Food Matrices
by Fiorella Lucarini, Rocco Gasco and Davide Staedler
Toxics 2023, 11(8), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080665 - 02 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1362
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol analogues can occur in several ways throughout the food production chain, with their presence at higher concentrations representing a risk to human health. This study aimed to develop effective analytical methods to simultaneously quantify BPA and fifteen bisphenol analogues (i.e., [...] Read more.
Exposure to bisphenol analogues can occur in several ways throughout the food production chain, with their presence at higher concentrations representing a risk to human health. This study aimed to develop effective analytical methods to simultaneously quantify BPA and fifteen bisphenol analogues (i.e., bisphenol AF, bisphenol AP, bisphenol B, bisphenol BP, bisphenol C, bisphenol E, bisphenol F, bisphenol G, bisphenol M, bisphenol P, bisphenol PH, bisphenol S, bisphenol Z, bisphenol TMC, and tetramethyl bisphenol F) present in canned foods and beverages. Samples of foods and beverages available in the Swiss and EU markets (n = 22), including canned pineapples, ravioli, and beer, were prepared and analyzed using QuEChERS GC-MS. The quantification method was compared to a QuEChERS LC-MS/MS analysis. This allowed for the selective and efficient simultaneous quantitative analysis of bisphenol analogues. Quantities of these analogues were present in 20 of the 22 samples tested, with the most frequent analytes at higher concentrations: BPA and BPS were discovered in 78% and 48% of cases, respectively. The study demonstrates the robustness of QuEChERS GC-MS for determining low quantities of bisphenol analogues in canned foods. However, further studies are necessary to achieve full knowledge of the extent of bisphenol contamination in the food production chain and its associated toxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Analytical Method of Emerging Contaminants and Risk Assessment)
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15 pages, 1834 KiB  
Article
A Rapid Screening Method for the Detection of Additives in Electronics and Plastic Consumer Products Using AP-MALDI-qTOF-MS
by Maurice de Jonker, Pim E. G. Leonards, Marja H. Lamoree and Sicco H. Brandsma
Toxics 2023, 11(2), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020108 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
A novel method was developed and optimized for the fast-screening analysis of additives in electronics and plastic consumer products using atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (AP-MALDI) coupled with a high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF) mass spectrometer (MS). To simplify sample preparation and increase [...] Read more.
A novel method was developed and optimized for the fast-screening analysis of additives in electronics and plastic consumer products using atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (AP-MALDI) coupled with a high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF) mass spectrometer (MS). To simplify sample preparation and increase sample throughput, an innovative 48 well graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) doped AP-MALDI target plate was developed. The GNP incorporated in the target plate fulfilled the role of the MALDI matrix and, therefore, sample extracts could be directly transferred to the AP-MALDI 48 well target plate and analyzed without a subsequent matrix addition. The homogeneously dispersed and immobilized GNP target plates also provided increased signal intensity and reproducibility. Furthermore, analytical standards of various plastic additives and plastic products with known concentrations of additives were studied to assess the AP-MALDI ionization mechanisms and method capability. The analysis time was 15 s per measurement using an automated sequence. The GNP-doped target plates exhibited high desorption/ionization of low molecular weight molecules (<1000 Da) and can be used in both positive and negative ionization modes. The AP-MALDI-qTOF-MS method was applied to screen for additives in various electronics and plastic consumer products. Suspect screening was performed using a database containing 1366 compounds. A total of 56 additives including antioxidants, flame retardants, plasticizers, UV-stabilizers, and UV-filters were identified (confidence level 4). Identification of certain plastic additives in plastic children’s toys may indicate that they are recycled from waste electronic and electronic equipment (WEEE). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Analytical Method of Emerging Contaminants and Risk Assessment)
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13 pages, 1056 KiB  
Article
Rapid Determination of Selected PFAS in Textiles Entering the Waste Stream
by Daniel Simon Drage, Martin Sharkey, Harald Berresheim, Marie Coggins and Stuart Harrad
Toxics 2023, 11(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010055 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2541
Abstract
Due to new European legislation, products entering the waste stream containing some perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS) are subject to “low persistent organic pollutant concentration limits”. Concentrations of restricted PFAS must be below this limit for them to be legally recycled or disposed of. [...] Read more.
Due to new European legislation, products entering the waste stream containing some perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS) are subject to “low persistent organic pollutant concentration limits”. Concentrations of restricted PFAS must be below this limit for them to be legally recycled or disposed of. A rapid extraction and clean-up method was developed for the determination of 21 PFAS in various polymers used in soft furnishings and upholstery. The optimised method used vortexing and ultrasonication in methanol (0.1% NH4OH), followed by a dilution and syringe filter clean-up step. PFAS were subsequently determined via UPLC-TripleTOF/MS. Good recoveries (80–120%) of target analytes were obtained with tall and narrow chromatogram peaks. The method was validated using control matrix samples spiked with target analytes. Repeated measurements of concentrations of target compounds showed good agreement with the spiked concentrations demonstrating good accuracy and precision. The resultant extracts provided low noise levels resulting in low limits of quantification ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg. The developed method was applied successfully to real consumer products and it provided various advantages over traditional methods, including a substantially reduced analysis time, consumables and solvent consumption, and a high sample throughput which is critical to comply with implemented and proposed legislation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Analytical Method of Emerging Contaminants and Risk Assessment)
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