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Cryospheric Hydrological Processes and Water Resources under Climate Change

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 9929

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: cryospheric science, cryohydrology, climate change

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Guest Editor
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an 710027, China
Interests: cryohydrology; hydrological model; remote sensing

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Guest Editor
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an 710027, China
Interests: cryohydrology; water chemistry; isotopic hydrology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Under the intensified impact of climate change, in the past decade, the hydrological impacts of the cryosphere have been increasing from the Arctic to the Tibetan Plateau, from the Andes to the Alps, from the endorheic river basins to Siberia, from high-latitude oceans to global sea level. Therefore, the hydrological processes of the cryosphere have become a popular topic within water science for climate change, focusing on global sea-level change and the concept of “water towers”, for several large rivers and their downstream basins.

Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to publish significant original research on natural change and the social impact of cryospheric hydrological processes and water resources, as well as the impact on policy dimensions and possible solutions. Understanding how to ensure the wellbeing of current and future generations within the limits of the natural world is the overarching goal of sustainability research. 

Decades of academic work have helped to shed light on these crucial issues, but only recently in a more open and joined-up way across different research fields, with the development of cryohydrology. There is now a much stronger call for integrated knowledge regarding glaciers, snow, frozen ground, and sea ice. 

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: glacier meltwater change, observations on cryosphere hydrological processes, snowmelt change, hydrological processes of frozen ground, the impact of cryospheric hydrological process change, the disaster of cryospheric hydrological process change, and the impact on the carbon cycle.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Yongjian Ding
Prof. Dr. Shiqiang Zhang
Prof. Dr. Xiangying Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glacier meltwater
  • snowmelt
  • frozen ground hydrology
  • climate change
  • water resources

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4779 KiB  
Article
Adaptability of MODIS Daily Cloud-Free Snow Cover 500 m Dataset over China in Hutubi River Basin Based on Snowmelt Runoff Model
by Xiangyao Meng, Yongqiang Liu, Yan Qin, Weiping Wang, Mengxiao Zhang and Kun Zhang
Sustainability 2022, 14(7), 4067; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074067 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1448
Abstract
Global warming affects the hydrological characteristics of the cryosphere. In arid and semi-arid regions where precipitation is scarce, glaciers and snowmelt water assume important recharge sources for downstream rivers. Therefore, the simulation of snowmelt water runoff in mountainous areas is of great significance [...] Read more.
Global warming affects the hydrological characteristics of the cryosphere. In arid and semi-arid regions where precipitation is scarce, glaciers and snowmelt water assume important recharge sources for downstream rivers. Therefore, the simulation of snowmelt water runoff in mountainous areas is of great significance in hydrological research. In this paper, taking the Hutubi River Basin in the Tianshan Mountains as the study area, we used the “MODIS Daily Cloud-free Snow Cover 500 m Dataset over China” (MODIS_CGF_SCE) to carry out the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) simulation and evaluated the simulation accuracy. The results showed that: (1) The SRM preferably simulated the characteristics of the average daily flow variation of the Hutubi River from May to October, from 2003–2009. The monthly total runoff was maximum in July and minimum in October. Extreme precipitation events influenced the formation of flood peaks, and the interannual variation trend of total runoff from May to October was increased. (2) The mean value of the volume difference (DV) during the model validation period was 8.85%, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.73. In general, the SRM underestimates the runoff of the Hutubi River, and the simulation accuracy is more accurate in the normal water period than in the high-water period. (3) By analyzing MODIS_CGF_SCE from 2003 to 2009, areas above 3200 m elevation in the Hutubi River Basin were classified as permanent snow areas, and areas below 3200 m were classified as seasonal snow areas. In October, the snow area in the Hutubi River Basin gradually increased, and the increase in snow cover in the permanent snow area was greater than that in the seasonal snow area. The snowmelt period was from March to May in the seasonal snow area and from May to early July in the permanent snow area, and the minimum snow cover was 0.7%. Full article
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17 pages, 4434 KiB  
Article
Export of Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Source Region of Yangtze River in the Tibetan Plateau
by Xiaoni You, Xiangying Li, Mika Sillanpää, Rong Wang, Chengyong Wu and Qiangqiang Xu
Sustainability 2022, 14(4), 2441; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042441 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
The carbon release and transport in rivers are expected to increase in a warming climate with enhanced melting. We present a continuous dataset of DOC in the river, precipitation, and groundwater, including air temperature, discharge, and precipitation in the source region of the [...] Read more.
The carbon release and transport in rivers are expected to increase in a warming climate with enhanced melting. We present a continuous dataset of DOC in the river, precipitation, and groundwater, including air temperature, discharge, and precipitation in the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR). Our study shows that the average concentrations of DOC in the three end-members are characterized as the sequence of groundwater > precipitation > river, which is related to the water volume, cycle period, and river flow speed. The seasonality of DOC in the river is observed as the obvious bimodal structure at Tuotuohe (TTH) and Zhimenda (ZMD) gauging stations. The highest concentration appears in July (2.4 mg L−1 at TTH and 2.1 mg L−1 at ZMD) and the secondary high value (2.2 mg L−1 at TTH 1.9 mg L−1 at ZMD) emerges from August to September. It is estimated that 459 and 6751 tons of DOC are transported by the river at TTH and ZMD, respectively. Although the wet deposition flux of DOC is nearly ten times higher than the river flux, riverine DOC still primarily originates from soil erosion of the basin rather than precipitation settlement. Riverine DOC fluxes are positively correlated with discharge, suggesting DOC fluxes are likely to increase in the future. Our findings highlight that permafrost degradation and glacier retreat have a great effect on DOC concentration in rivers and may become increasingly important for regional biogeochemical cycles. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 1027 KiB  
Review
A Review on Snowmelt Models: Progress and Prospect
by Gang Zhou, Manyi Cui, Junhong Wan and Shiqiang Zhang
Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11485; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011485 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5855
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of flood events have been increasing recently under the warming climate, with snowmelt floods being a significant part. As an effective manner of simulating snowmelt flood, snowmelt models have attracted more and more attention. Through comprehensive analysis of the [...] Read more.
The frequency and intensity of flood events have been increasing recently under the warming climate, with snowmelt floods being a significant part. As an effective manner of simulating snowmelt flood, snowmelt models have attracted more and more attention. Through comprehensive analysis of the literature, this paper reviewed the characteristics and current status of different types of snowmelt models, as well as the different coupling methods of models for runoff generation and confluence. We then discussed key issues in snowmelt modelling, including blowing snow model, frozen ground model, and rain-on-snow model. Finally, we give some perspectives from four aspects: data, model structure, forecast and early warning, and forecast and estimation. At present, most of the snowmelt models do not have blowing snow or frozen ground modules. Explicit consideration of blowing snow and soil freezing/thawing processes can improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff simulations. With climate warming, rain-on-snow events have increased, but the mechanism of enhanced rain and snow mixed flooding is still unclear, particularly for the mechanism of rain-snow-ice mixed runoff generation. The observation and simulation of rain and snow processes urgently need further study. A distributed physical snowmelt model based on energy balance is an advanced tool for snowmelt simulation, but the model structure and parameter schemes still need further improvements. Moreover, the integration of satellite-based snow products, isotopes, and terrestrial water storage change, monitored by gravity satellites, can help improve the calibration and validation of snowmelt models. Full article
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