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Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Education and Approaches".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2020) | Viewed by 33327

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Prof. Dr. Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez

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Guest Editor

Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
Interests: educational innovation; physical, physiological, psychological and social responses; decision making; interaction sports; soccer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. José Luis Chinchilla-Minguet

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Guest Editor

Department of Languages, Arts and Sports, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
Interests: teaching style; teaching skills; teacher training; aging; educational innovation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical activity practice in the elderly has an increasing impact and is presented as a center of attention in public administrations and in private initiatives and participants in the so-called third sector. The need arises to address, in a multidisciplinary way, a coordinated cross-cutting framework, which is increasingly required and which will be the future for the services that will be demanded in an immediate time, in a group (the elderly) so important that it undoubtedly requires a social commitment accepted by all.

This Special Issue aims to create a reference in terms of innovation, longevity, and quality of life, physical–sports activity, health and wellbeing, and psychosocial aspects and cognitive processes in older people. It will explore the relationships between psychosocial factors and the association with different aspects related to physical activity and sport. The field of the elderly in respect to physical sports activity is increasingly important for public administrations, so we will accept studies of scientific reviews and descriptive studies, technical report and case studies that offer research, science, and innovation in the third sector, shown by the NGOs and the offers of the residences for the elderly, and which also enable new services and activities as instruments for coverage of leisure, social relations, and the maintenance of functional capacities, ensuring the best health and quality of life.

Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez
José Luis Chinchilla-Minguet
Guest Editors

References:

Bamidis, P. D., Vivas, A. B., Styliadis, C., Frantzidis, C., Klados, M., Schlee, W., ... & Papageorgiou, S. G. (2014). A review of physical and cognitive interventions in aging. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 44, 206-220.
Bauman, A., Merom, D., Bull, F. C., Buchner, D. M., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2016). Updating the evidence for physical activity: summative reviews of the epidemiological evidence, prevalence, and interventions to promote “active aging”. The gerontologist, 56(Suppl_2), S268-S280.
Castillo-Rodríguez, A., & Chinchilla-Minguet, J. L. (2014). Cardiovascular program to improve physical fitness in those over 60 years old–pilot study. Clinical interventions in aging, 9, 1269.
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Singh, M. A. F., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009). Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 41(7), 1510-1530.
Czwikla, G., Boen, F., Cook, D. G., de Jong, J., Harris, T., Hilz, L. K., ... & Pischke, C. R. (2019). Equity-specific effects of interventions to promote physical activity among middle-aged and older adults: development of a collaborative equity-specific re-analysis strategy. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(17), 3195.
de Jong, J., Lemmink, K. A., Stevens, M., de Greef, M. H., Rispens, P., King, A. C., & Mulder, T. (2006). Six-month effects of the Groningen active living model (GALM) on physical activity, health and fitness outcomes in sedentary and underactive older adults aged 55–65. Patient education and counseling, 62(1), 132-141.
Kraft, E. (2012). Cognitive function, physical activity, and aging: possible biological links and implications for multimodal interventions. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 19(1-2), 248-263.
Peterson, M. D., Sen, A., & Gordon, P. M. (2011). Influence of resistance exercise on lean body mass in aging adults: a meta-analysis. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 43(2), 249.
Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Féart, C., Mann, G., Viña, J., Chatterji, S., Chodzko-Zajko, W., ... & Scuteri, A. (2012). Searching for an operational definition of frailty: a Delphi method based consensus statement. The frailty operative definition-consensus conference project. Journals of gerontology series a: biomedical sciences and medical sciences, 68(1), 62-67.
Ruiz-Montero, P. J., Castillo-Rodriguez, A., Mikalacki, M., Nebojsa, C., & Korovljev, D. (2013). Previous anthropometric measures in adult and elderly Serbian women to physical and educational program of pilates and aerobic. International Journal of Morphology, 31(4), 1263-8.
Ruiz-Montero, P. J., Castillo-Rodriguez, A., Mikalački, M., Nebojsa, Č., & Korovljev, D. (2014). 24-weeks Pilates-aerobic and educative training to improve body fat mass in elderly Serbian women. Clinical interventions in aging, 9, 243.
Ruiz-Montero, P. J., Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Mikalački, M., & Delgado-Fernández, M. (2015). Physical Fitness Comparison and Quality of life between Spanish-Serbian Elderly Women through a Physical Fitness Program. Collegium antropologicum, 39(2), 411-417.
Sallis, R. E., Matuszak, J. M., Baggish, A. L., Franklin, B. A., Chodzko-Zajko, W., Fletcher, B. J., ... & Puffer, J. C. (2016). Call to action on making physical activity assessment and prescription a medical standard of care. Current sports medicine reports, 15(3), 207-214.

Dr. Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez
Dr. José Luis Chinchilla-Minguet
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Physical activity
Innovation, longevity, and quality of life
Health and wellness
Psychosocial and cognitive processes
Sustainability
Sport and environment

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 777 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Cognitive Function and in the Levels of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Older Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjected to a Cardiorespiratory Exercise Programme

by Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor, Wanesa Onetti-Onetti, Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez and Jose Antonio González-Jurado

Sustainability 2020, 12(12), 5038; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125038 - 19 Jun 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2582

Abstract

Ageing and diabetes are recognised as important risk factors for the development of cognitive deterioration. The aim was to analyse the effects of a walking-based training programme on cognitive deterioration and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in older women with type 2 diabetes. This was a six-month experimental and longitudinal study with an experimental group (EG) (n = 57) and a control group (CG) (n = 52). All participants were diabetic with hypoglycaemic treatment. EG carried out a walking-based training program. After the training, we evaluated the diabetic state (HbA1c), cognitive functioning with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and body mass index (BMI). Results: EG obtained better results than CG in all the analysed variables. EG showed a significant improvement in the levels of HbA1c (−4.5%; p < 0.001), VO2max (+5.9%; p < 0.001) and BMI (−5.4%; p < 0.001); it also obtained increases in the scores of cognitive functioning, which were statistically significant in all dimensions, except for calculation (p = 0.384) and language (p = 0.168). Conclusion: The aerobic treatment produced significant improvements in the diabetic state and cognitive functioning in older women with type 2 diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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19 pages, 269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social-LCA. Methodological Proposal Applied to Physical Activity Program Implementation into Old People’s Routines

by Francisco Javier Flor-Montalvo, Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz, Agustín Sánchez-Toledo Ledesma and Leandro Álvarez-Kurogi

Sustainability 2020, 12(12), 4965; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124965 - 18 Jun 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1713

Abstract

Progressive population aging and life expectancy increase in Spain, resulting from medical and social improvements, have put this population segment in a privileged position for the implementation of new methodologies aimed at improving the quality of life of the elderly. Social life cycle analysis (S-LCA) is a widely studied technique to evaluate the social and environmental impacts generated by a product, service, or process. Throughout this paper, S-LCA is applied to the implementation of physical activity programs in routines for older people, allowing a complete evaluation of the impact of such activities. From this study, it is deduced that the execution phase of the program is the one that causes the most positive impact. Design and programming have a much more notable impact than expected. With regard to the involved categories, the user is the greatest beneficiary of the implementation of these programs, although the local community and administration are other interest groups that will highly benefit, although the impact will be much less than in the case of users. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

12 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Social Cognition in the Elderly

by Juan José Alarcón-Jiménez, Adriana Nielsen-Rodríguez, Ramón Romance, Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas and M. Rosa Bernal-López

Sustainability 2020, 12(11), 4687; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114687 - 08 Jun 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2633

Abstract

Social cognition is related to the so-called “Theory of the mind” and refers to the ability to understand the behavior of other people. It plays a transcendental role in the social relations cohesion. Knowing whether normal aging is associated with deficiencies in social understanding is a problem in characterizing the changes that occur in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine whether the social cognition of the elderly is mediated by factors such as working memory, physical activity, body composition, or age, in elderly people. Sixty volunteers (mean age, 71.50 ± 4.84 years) were recruited from various locations in Malaga. Recognition of emotional expression, working memory, body composition, and physical activity were evaluated. Our results show that performance in emotion recognition is not affected by age in the range studied. Furthermore, we have not found a relationship with any of the body composition parameters. However, a significant relationship with performance in working memory has been revealed, as well as a significant relationship between vigorous/very vigorous physical activity and working memory. Therefore, physical activity could be positively related to the recognition of emotions by positively influencing working memory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

10 pages, 722 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Adapted Utilitarian Judo, as an Educational Innovation, on Fear-of-Falling Syndrome

by María Carmen Campos-Mesa, Óscar DelCastillo-Andrés, Luis Toronjo-Hornillo and Carolina Castañeda-Vázquez

Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 4096; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104096 - 17 May 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3228

Abstract

Background: The aim of the research was to analyze the effects of an intervention program based on Adapted Utilitarian Judo (AUJ) to teach fall control, over fear of falling syndrome (FOF) in a group of older adults. Method: A quasi-experimental design (pre–post measurement) was adopted, with a healthy and pre-fragile sample of 19 subjects in the experimental group and 11 subjects in the control group (65–85 years), chosen using non-probabilistic-incidental accessibility sampling. The intervention program was conducted over six weeks, with two 60-minute sessions each week. To evaluate FOF, it was applied (pretest and post-test) the 16-item version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Results: The data show significant differences between pre- and post-test in reducing FOF into both specific variables (do the shopping, walk on a slippery surface, walk in a crowded place, walk on an uneven surface, and go up and down a ramp), as in the overall score (the global values of the experimental group decreased six points in the perceived fear scale, while the global values of the group increased three points). Conclusion: The application of the AUJ program meant significant improvements in subjects’ perception of FOF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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12 pages, 626 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anxiety and Bodily Pain in Older Women Participants in a Physical Education Program. A Multiple Moderated Mediation Analysis

by Óscar Chiva-Bartoll, Honorato Morente-Oria, Francisco Tomás González-Fernández and Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero

Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 4067; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104067 - 15 May 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1944

Abstract

(1) Background: Bodily pain is normally associated with the consequences of ageing, whereas anxiety shows a high prevalence in elderly people, decreasing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Pain coping strategies are used to reduce the consequences of pain, specifically in older people. This study analyzed if the passive and active pain coping strategies were significant moderators in the link between anxiety and bodily pain with a physical component as a mediator. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of older women between 60 and 90 years old from small villages with under 5000 inhabitants, of whom 53.8% of the total were participants of a physical education program. Participants of the present study completed all sociodemographic (living alone/accompanied, marital and educational status, number of illnesses, and level of physical activity (PA)) and clinical (anxiety, HRQoL, and pain coping strategies) questionnaires. Anxiety was assessed by the Hospitality Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), passive and active strategies by the Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory (VPMI), and bodily pain and the physical component by the SF-36 questionnaire. (3) Results: The physical component positively predicted bodily pain (p < 0.001) and passive strategies significantly moderated the effect of anxiety on the physical component (p = 0.034). (4) Conclusions: These outcomes help to understand the link between anxiety and bodily pain in older women and the moderation of pain coping strategies in this relationship. In addition, the physical component should be considered when physical education programs aimed at the reduction of bodily pain through the management of anxiety are designed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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19 pages, 347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Segmenting the Older Resident’s Perception of a Major Cycling Event

by José Miguel Vegara-Ferri, José María López-Gullón, Ricardo José Ibanez-Pérez, María Carboneros and Salvador Angosto

Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 4010; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104010 - 14 May 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1772

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the social perception of older adults, resident in the host communities where the stage of “La Vuelta” 2019 starts or ends, identifying the possible existing groups and comparing the results before and during the event. Community support is a critical factor in ensuring the success of a major sports event and in generating a greater sense of community involvement. In order to analyze the social perception of the event, 521 older adults were interviewed using a questionnaire of 27 items. Data were collected online in the pre-event period and face-to-face in the on-site period using tablets. A t-test and cluster analysis was carried out to identify different residents’ opinions. The results showed an improvement in the perception of the positive and negative impacts in the in situ period with respect to the pre-event. Three clusters were identified (Positives, Moderates, Haters) with the Positives group being the most represented in each of the periods. The findings suggest that a high level of future intentions for positive behavior can benefit the intangible characteristics of the event and host communities, and that these population groups can better harness the tangible benefits of sports events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

9 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison between Sexes of the Relationships between Body Composition and Maximum Oxygen Volume in Elderly People

by Wanesa Onetti-Onetti, Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor, José Antonio González-Jurado and Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez

Sustainability 2020, 12(8), 3156; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083156 - 14 Apr 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2276

Abstract

Background: Performing physical activity can provide a variety of benefits; for example, it can improve one’s physical condition, decrease one’s fat mass, and increase one’s muscle mass. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationships between the cardiorespiratory resistance and physical characteristics of people over 60 years of age. Methods: A total of 31 participants over 60 years of age from the province of Malaga (Spain) joined the study voluntarily. Results: The aerobic capacity test, called the Rockport One Mile, was carried out, and Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses between the volume of oxygen (VO2) and the body weight, body mass index (BMI) and age of the participants were performed. The results indicated that 28% (in women) and 48% (in men) of the maximum VO2 (determined by the Rockport test) was explained by the variable body weight (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The main finding of this study is that an individual’s physical abilities, specifically resistance and aerobic capacity are directly related to his or her body weight and other variables in males, such as age and BMI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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9 pages, 798 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Leg Strength and Balance and Lean Body Mass. Benefits for Active Aging

by Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez, Wanesa Onetti-Onetti, Rui Sousa Mendes and José Luis Chinchilla-Minguet

Sustainability 2020, 12(6), 2380; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062380 - 18 Mar 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4158

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) can bring incalculable benefits to people throughout the aging process. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between the leg and arm strength, body composition and balance of elderly people. Twenty-one people (9 men and 12 women) over 60 years of age voluntarily participated in this study. Bioimpedance tests were carried out to obtain body mass data, manual dynamometer tests and the lower limbs test were conducted to obtain strength values, and the stork balance stand test was conducted to assess static balance. As a result, medium-high correlation coefficients were obtained between the aforementioned dependent variables. The highest value corresponded to the relationship between the results of the dominant hand strength test (right hand in all participants) and the lean body mass (LBM) of the participant (R² = 75%, p < 0.001). The results indicated that strength capacity, recorded by dynamometry, and balance ability have a direct relationship with the body composition of the subject, especially with their lean body mass. These data suggest that a greater lean body mass can provide greater strength and balance in the elderly, so it would improve or have greater duration the functionality and independence of the person, thereby justifying direct benefits in people and indirect benefits in public administrations that finance these social issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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9 pages, 237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Latin Dance Classes on the Improvement of Life Quality of Elderly People in Europe

by Adrianna Banio

Sustainability 2020, 12(6), 2155; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062155 - 11 Mar 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3123

Abstract

The aim of this paper addresses the problem of the quality of life of elderly people by presenting the energy of Latinos that arouses optimism in European citizens and provides them with joy through Latin dances on a regular basis. The research covered 163 people in the old, so-called third, age, from the European countries with the highest aging rate, namely: Italy, Germany, Greece and Poland. Results shows that physical activity in the form of Latin American dances has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the body. Not only does it allow for maintaining physical fitness and inhibiting the development of many ailments and diseases, but also stimulates the brain to constant activity, which results in improvement of the ability to make associations, concentration and, above all, memory. It is also a way to fill the gap that arises as a consequence of the completion of certain life stages. Through making new social contacts, it is possible to forget about loneliness, stagnation and the monotony of everyday life. However, above all, Latin dance is a source of satisfaction, joy and happiness, i.e., determinants of the quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

14 pages, 4537 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of 8-Weeks Concurrent Strength and Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Physiological and Cognitive Performance in Older Adult Women

by Honorato Morente-Oria, Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero, Óscar Chiva-Bartoll and Francisco Tomás González-Fernández

Sustainability 2020, 12(5), 1944; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051944 - 03 Mar 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3014

Abstract

(1) Background: Despite plenty of evidence supporting the advantages of regular physical exercise amongst older women, it is not clear what the best methodology is to improve these parameters. Considering the growth of older population and aging process, this study analyses an 8-weeks concurrent training intervention; (2) Methods: A total of 48 older women participated in concurrent strength and aerobic exercises training intervention being used to know physical and cognitive improvements in older women through physical, physiological and vigilance tests; (3) Results: Significant differences were found in weight and body mass index (BMI) between pre-intervention and post-intervention and even better results, but non-significative, in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), total fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass. Additionally, we found cognitive improvements in vigilance (RT) related to executive functions. (4) Conclusions: An 8-weeks concurrent training program (strength and aerobic exercises) give another efficient possibility to obtain better physical, physiological and cognitive improvements in older women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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9 pages, 908 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Body Balance Deterioration of Gait in Women Using Accelerometers

by Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez, Vicente Romo-Pérez, Jose L. García-Soidán and Anxela Soto-Rodríguez

Sustainability 2020, 12(3), 1222; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031222 - 07 Feb 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2796

Abstract

This study presents a simple methodology for the evaluation of gait with accelerometers, for rapid and simple application, in which we employ current balance tests in clinical practice (Timed Up and Go, Chair Stand Test and Six-Minute Walk Test). The aim was to determine whether the accelerometric valuation of gait can detect alterations in balance. The sample of this cross-sectional research, made during the months of May and June 2018, was composed of 145 healthy adult women (x = 63.8 ± 8.41 years), from the city of Ourense (Spain). They walked with a triaxial accelerometer at the fourth lumbar vertebra for a distance of 20 m. The test was repeated three times, and the mean of the three measurements was used in the analysis. There was a reduction in the values of acceleration recorded along all three of the axes and in the root mean square as the age increased. This reduction was very significant for the minimum values registered along the vertical and transverse axes, and for the maximum values along the mediolateral axis. Only the maximum values of the vector module demonstrated significant differences among the three age groups. A regression model allowed us to identify the values that give more information on the Timed Up and Go Test, namely: the maximum values of the root mean square and the mediolateral axis. An exhaustive analysis of the vertical and mediolateral axes and the vector module allows for the detection of early alterations in the automatic gait pattern. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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14 pages, 268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learning with Older Adults through Intergenerational Service Learning in Physical Education Teacher Education

by Pedro J. Ruiz-Montero, Oscar Chiva-Bartoll, Celina Salvador-García and Cristian González-García

Sustainability 2020, 12(3), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031127 - 05 Feb 2020

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3290

Abstract

(1) Background: The population of older adults is growing faster but most of them experience physical, psychological, and social limitations. Higher education should reflect these concerns by providing students appropriate skills to support a sustainable society and putting the acquired theoretical knowledge into practice. Intergenerational Service Learning (SL) is an educational approach capable of contributing to these requirements. The goal of the study was to analyze the effects of an intergenerational SL program from the complementary perspective of the different agents involved. (2) Methods: The study used hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, widely used in educational research. A total of 23 (three female) Physical Education Teacher Education students (PETEs) and 20 older adults (three male) participated. Reflective journals were used for PETEs and semi-structured group interviews for older adults. (3) Results: The following categories emerged from PETEs: social sensitivity and disconfirmation of negative stereotypes, academic and professional learnings, satisfaction and personal growth, and desire for social justice. From older adults, four complementary categories emerged: disconfirmation of negative stereotypes, improvement of physical function, satisfaction and desire of continuity, and social interaction. (4) Conclusions: Intergenerational SL offers important social and educational inputs by deconstructing negative stereotypes and providing positive experiences to both PETEs and older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Aging: Educational Innovations in the Elderly)

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