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Sustainability and Eco-innovations in Mechanical Processing Systems of Materials: Comminution, Agglomeration, Recycling

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 8666

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Gontarz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Department, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: theory and technology of metal-forming processes; forging processes; innovative metal forming processes; aluminum alloy; magnesium alloy; titanium alloy; steel; FEM
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Weronika Kruszelnicka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Machines and Technical Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: materials grindability; comminution; processing machines; sustainable development; eco-design; energy efficiency; environmental impact
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, progressive climate changes related to human activity and use of natural resources, as well as degradation of flora and fauna, are observed. As a consequence, actions have been taken to improve the quality of the natural environment by adopting global climate agreements regarding reduction of pollution, extraction of raw fossil materials, and energy consumption. Among the foundations for achieving this goal are the assumptions of sustainable development dealing with (1) the development of the economy while respecting three aspects—the natural environment, society, and economics—and (2) the idea of a circular economy aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources in circular systems—the so-called closed-loop system—which minimizes the use of resource inputs. The industrial processing of various types of materials, for example food, energy carriers, and packaging, causes the consumption of a large amount of natural resources, water, and energy, as well as the emission of solid and volatile pollutants. The solution to the problems associated with the mechanical processing of materials is the introduction of eco-innovations and methodical actions towards the assessment of processing processes and structures in accordance with the assumptions of sustainable development.

We are pleased to announce that Sustainability will release a Special Issue dedicated to these important issues. As Guest Editors, we are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue. We hope that it will be a source of knowledge for both theoreticians and practitioners.

We encourage you to submit original scientific articles and review studies, containing the latest achievements in the field of mechanical processing of materials, with particular emphasis on grinding, agglomeration, and recycling processes. The thematic scope of this Special Issue includes, among others, the following aspects of material processing: new technologies and methods of assessment of processing processes, innovations in the field of comminution processes in biomass processing chains or polymer materials in recycling, biomass processing for energy purposes, and energy and environmental assessment of mechanical processing of biological materials, polymers, raw fossil materials, etc. Articles on life-cycle assessment in food, packaging, polymeric materials, and energy carrier processing are also welcome. We also encourage you to submit articles about new low-energy and low-emission design solutions of machines and processing equipment.

We assure you that we will make every effort to ensure that the quality of this Special Issue reaches the highest substantive standards.

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Gontarz
Dr. Weronika Kruszelnicka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • recycling
  • grinding
  • comminution
  • mills
  • agglomeration
  • sustainability
  • LCA, eco-innovations
  • low-emissions systems
  • energy assessment
  • mechanical processing systems
  • food processing
  • energy carriers processing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 8752 KiB  
Article
Study of the Relationships between Multi-Hole, Multi-Disc Mill Performance Parameters and Comminution Indicators
by Weronika Kruszelnicka, Jakub Hlosta, Jan Diviš and Łukasz Gierz
Sustainability 2021, 13(15), 8260; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158260 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1699
Abstract
The knowledge of a grinder structure, its performance parameters and characteristics of biomaterials breakage are crucial for this research whose aim is to determine the dependencies between performance parameters and comminution indicators. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between [...] Read more.
The knowledge of a grinder structure, its performance parameters and characteristics of biomaterials breakage are crucial for this research whose aim is to determine the dependencies between performance parameters and comminution indicators. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between multi-disc mill performance parameters such as discs angular speed, batch dosing speed and comminution characteristics: power consumption, specific energy consumption, throughput and size reduction ratio. To achieve these goals, an experiment was conducted on a five-disc mill with a special monitoring system. The research program was established, with disc angular speed at different configurations and different batch dosing speeds. The results show that power consumption, specific energy consumption and size reduction ratio depend on the total increase in angular speed of discs SΔω in such a way that an increase in SΔω causes an increase in the abovementioned comminution indicators. In turn, an increase in batch dosing speed W causes an increase in throughput. The fitting curves of comminution indicators in dependence of selected performance parameters are also presented in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Eco-innovations in Mechanical Processing Systems of Materials: Comminution, Agglomeration, Recycling)
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10 pages, 1716 KiB  
Article
Selected Aspects of Modelling and Design Calculations of Roller Mills
by Marcin Zastempowski, Andrzej Bochat and Lubomír Hujo
Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2595; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052595 - 1 Mar 2021
Viewed by 1739
Abstract
An analysis of construction was conducted in this study, and the guidelines for designing roller mills used commonly in the agri-food, chemical, power and construction industries were presented. Quick designing of the machines required existence of adequate mathematical models. Within the framework of [...] Read more.
An analysis of construction was conducted in this study, and the guidelines for designing roller mills used commonly in the agri-food, chemical, power and construction industries were presented. Quick designing of the machines required existence of adequate mathematical models. Within the framework of the study’s realization, a mathematical model was developed and we presented the selected results of calculations of the milling rollers loading from the assembly’s mill bowl. The simulation calculations conducted with the mathematical model unambiguously show that the roller’s rotation around a fixed point considerably influences the total loading of the mill’s bowl, and passing over that phenomenon is a mistake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Eco-innovations in Mechanical Processing Systems of Materials: Comminution, Agglomeration, Recycling)
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10 pages, 4611 KiB  
Article
Exploring Efficiencies: Examining the Possibility of Decreasing the Size of the Briquettes Used as the Batch in the Electric Arc Furnace Dust Processing Line
by Michał Bembenek
Sustainability 2020, 12(16), 6393; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166393 - 8 Aug 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2124
Abstract
Sintering of well-prepared briquetted mixtures in a shaft furnace is one of the possible methods of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) utilization. Simultaneously, some metal oxides from exhaust gases can be separated. In this way, various metals are recovered, particularly zinc. As a [...] Read more.
Sintering of well-prepared briquetted mixtures in a shaft furnace is one of the possible methods of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) utilization. Simultaneously, some metal oxides from exhaust gases can be separated. In this way, various metals are recovered, particularly zinc. As a result, zinc-free briquettes are produced with a high iron content, which can be used in the steelmaking process. This method is still being developed. In Ostrowiec Świetokrzyski, Poland, a prototype line of a new method for the reduction of zinc oxide in a shaft furnace with simultaneous sintering of briquettes was installed. The batch for the shaft furnace was actually briquetted in the roller press, which produces briquettes with a volume of 13 cm3. It may prove beneficial to reduce the size of the resulting briquettes, as a smaller size could prove more efficient in reducing zinc in the furnace. Decreasing the volume of the briquettes causes an increase in the power consumption in the drive system and brings an increase in the briquetting force, which occurred in the compaction zone. It could be harmful to the roller press construction. The aim of this article was to prove that decreasing the volume of briquettes of the EAFD mixtures had no negative effects on the roller press which was installed in the prototype line. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Eco-innovations in Mechanical Processing Systems of Materials: Comminution, Agglomeration, Recycling)
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12 pages, 1873 KiB  
Article
Research Issues in the Process of Cutting Straw into Pieces
by Marcin Zastempowski and Andrzej Bochat
Sustainability 2020, 12(15), 6167; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156167 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2342
Abstract
Comparative studies of the classical and new design of a chaff cutter’s cutting drum have been conducted within the frames of the study in order to determine their functional characteristics at the time of cutting rye straw into pieces of specific length (into [...] Read more.
Comparative studies of the classical and new design of a chaff cutter’s cutting drum have been conducted within the frames of the study in order to determine their functional characteristics at the time of cutting rye straw into pieces of specific length (into chaff). A classical design of a cutting drum is of the shape of a roller and is suitable for material layer cross-cutting. However, the new drum design has the shape of a double truncated cone and, with the use of it, diagonal cuts in two directions can be realized. The studies were conducted for four designs of cutting drums with cutting angles α = 0° (classical design) and α = 15°, α = 30°, and α = 45° (new design). Three indicators were applied for the assessment: capacity, unit energy consumption, and the unit cutting resistance. The obtained results show that the use of a new drum design makes it possible, depending on the assumed parameters of the cutting process and the material’s compaction degree, to increase the process’s efficiency by up to 25%, lower the unit energy consumption up to 34%, and lower the unit cutting resistance by up to 8%. The conducted experimental studies have unequivocally shown that the use of a new cutting drum design, as compared to the classical one, results in a considerable increase in the cutting process’s performance. Studies on the new design of a chaff cutter’s cutting drum, of the shape of a double truncated cone, belong to original ones that so far have not been described in the available literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Eco-innovations in Mechanical Processing Systems of Materials: Comminution, Agglomeration, Recycling)
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