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Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection
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Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 11467

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rajesh Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Interests: water quality and nature based treatment solutions
Dr. Vinay Kumar Tyagi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Interests: wastewater treatment; sludge management; health related water microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Safe and sufficient water is needed for the proliferation of life and economic growth; however, the water resources are being polluted due to the discharge of untreated and partially treated wastewater into the water bodies and onto the land. The discharge of wastewater laden with pollutants not only impacts the flora and fauna of surface water bodies, but also impacts the groundwater quality by triggering the biotic and abiotic geochemical interactions, necessitating the need for their treatment, and, in turn, the development of advanced treatment technologies. Different treatment technologies are used to reduce the pollutant level in the wastewater, such as natural remediation techniques, advanced activated sludge processes, advanced oxidation processes, nano-adsorbents, etc.

Moreover, wastewater contains abundant carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other resources that can be recovered as value-added products, transforming traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into water resource recovery facilities.  These facilities are expected to reduce stress on energy systems, decrease air and water pollution, build resiliency, and drive local economic activity.

The proposed Special Issue aims to focus on the emerging treatment modes applied to wastewater treatment and water reclamation, and recovery of energy (biofuel, heat, electricity) and value-added products (chemicals, feed, and other products). A comprehensive inclusion of topics related to emerging wastewater treatment technologies, and resources recovery will be targeted, i.e., energy and bio-based products and nutrients and energy recovery; design/configuration; and techno-economic evaluation.

This SI will cover up-to-date information on wastewater treatment technologies, recovery of value-added products, related issues (with local to global coverage), conventional methods and new technological developments, recovery of biofuels, nutrients and bio-based products, and the safe disposal of leftovers. Case studies about technology upscaling and full-scale experiences shall be included.

Three key features:

  • Broad range of wastewater treatment, energy, and resource recovery related topics;
  • Conventional to advanced technological options will be included;
  • Successful case studies will be included.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • Natural wastewater treatment systems;
  • Water reclamation, recycling, and reuse;
  • Advanced water reclamation and reuse technologies;
  • Membrane technology for wastewater treatment: water reuse and resource recovery;
  • Anaerobic wastewater treatment for energy and water recovery;
  • Energy self-sufficiency in wastewater treatment plants;
  • Microbial fuel cells in energy and resources recovery from wastewater treatment;
  • Algal treatment of wastewater for resources recovery;
  • Nitrogen and phosphorus recovery;
  • Wastewater to biogas recovery;
  • Circular city concept for future wastewater treatment biorefineries;
  • Wastewater to r3—resource recovery, recycling, and reuse efficiency in urban wastewater treatment plants;
  • Energy and resources recovery from wastewater treatment systems;
  • Sludge to energy and values added products recovery;
  • Advanced pre-treatment technologies for biosolids (sludge) treatment.

We look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Conference Information:

  • 13th IWA International Conference on Water Reclamation and Reuse
  • 13th Southeast Asian Water Environment Conference
  • International Symposium on Sustainable Urban Environment, ISSUE-2022

Dr. Rajesh Singh
Dr. Vinay Kumar Tyagi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • water reclamation
  • energy recovery
  • value added products recovery
  • circular economy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2031 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Pilot-Scale Floating Wetland for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Canna indica and Phragmites australis as Plant Species
by Shweta Yadav, Jhalesh Kumar, Sandeep Kumar Malyan, Rajesh Singh, Omkar Singh, Vikas Chandra Goyal, Jyoti Singh and Ritika Negi
Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813601 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1011
Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), also called constructed floating wetlands or floating islands, are a recent innovation in constructed wetlands (CWs) inspired by natural wetlands. In FTWs, emergent plants grown hydroponically on buoyant mats are used for wastewater treatment, which makes them far more [...] Read more.
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), also called constructed floating wetlands or floating islands, are a recent innovation in constructed wetlands (CWs) inspired by natural wetlands. In FTWs, emergent plants grown hydroponically on buoyant mats are used for wastewater treatment, which makes them far more economical than other CWs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of FTWs for the treatment of municipal wastewater from an urban drain using native plant species Canna indica and Phragmites australis. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out using four FTW treatment cells with different plant coverages for pollutant removal: C1 (Canna indica, 100% coverage), C2 (Phragmites australis, 100% coverage), C3 (Phragmites australis, 50% coverage), and C4 (control). Overall, treatment cells with Canna indica and Phragmites australis showed reductions in BOD5, COD, EC, TDS, NO3−, and PO43− compared with the control. Maximum BOD5 and COD removal was 53% and 50%, respectively, at 50% coverage of Phragmites australis (C3). The maximum reduction in NO3− (61%) was achieved using Canna indica at 100% coverage (C1). Conversely, moderate removal of PO43− (27%) was obtained in the control (C4) with a visibly high amount of algal growth, indicating the influence of algae on pollutant removal. This study highlights the significance of Phragmites australis for organic matter removal and Canna indica for nutrient removal, mainly NO3− from municipal wastewater. Furthermore, this study suggests that FTWs perform well for BOD5 and COD removal at 50% plant coverage (Phragmites australis) and NO3− removal at 100% coverage (Canna indica). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection)
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13 pages, 2047 KiB  
Article
Glyphosate and Roundup® Ready Effects in Hydra viridissima: New Data in an Old Issue
by Cátia Venâncio, Cristina Barbosa and Isabel Lopes
Sustainability 2023, 15(16), 12428; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612428 - 16 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 892
Abstract
Herbicides are used worldwide to protect agricultural crops, glyphosate being among the most frequently applied. In 2019 the European Commission approved the use of this herbicide for another 5 years and is now preparing its re-authorization for marketing. It is known that glyphosate [...] Read more.
Herbicides are used worldwide to protect agricultural crops, glyphosate being among the most frequently applied. In 2019 the European Commission approved the use of this herbicide for another 5 years and is now preparing its re-authorization for marketing. It is known that glyphosate (an active ingredient—AI) is usually less toxic than its commercial formulations, which may be related to adjuvants presents in such formulas. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of glyphosate, as the commercial formulation Roundup® Ready (RR), and the AI in the Hydra viridissima life cycle, namely: mortality, morphology, feeding, reproduction, and regeneration. To attain this goal, H. viridissima was exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of glyphosate (5.2 mg AI/L, both for RR and the AI) and to its culture medium (control). The mortality was lower than 0.03% for both RR and AI. Regarding morphological alterations, these were more severe on organisms exposed to RR, while a high recovery capacity in hydras exposed to AI was observed. No hydra was able to completely regenerate its body parts when exposed to RR, while 95% of the organisms exposed to AI were able to regenerate completely. The feeding rates of hydras exposed to RR decreased by from ~20% to ~50% compared to AI. As for reproduction, hydras exposed to RR released ~70% less buds than those exposed to AI. These timely results suggest that adjuvants present in the commercial formulation of glyphosate may cause higher toxicity to biota than the AI at environmentally relevant concentrations. Though the commercial formulation exerted higher toxicity in hydra, the effects AI induced in the morphology of the hydra cannot be disregarded, suggesting that a deeper understanding on the long-term toxicity of this AI is still needed to further support the decision on its marketing authorization and environmentally safe use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection)
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19 pages, 6284 KiB  
Article
Water Shortage Simulation Using a System Dynamics Approach: A Case Study of the Rafsanjan City
by Nasser Shahsavari-Pour, Sadegh Bahador, Azim Heydari and Afef Fekih
Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 6225; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076225 - 4 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1913
Abstract
Water shortage and its interconnected and integrated management is one of the life crises in recent years. Factors such as population growth, plurality of population needs, traditional farming methods, climate change, and water waste are among the contributing factors to this crisis. The [...] Read more.
Water shortage and its interconnected and integrated management is one of the life crises in recent years. Factors such as population growth, plurality of population needs, traditional farming methods, climate change, and water waste are among the contributing factors to this crisis. The complexity of water sources and consumption systems makes the management and decision-making related to this resource very difficult. This research aims to study the effective factors in the water sources and consumption system of Rafsanjan city and suggests a simulated model of water shortage and its causes. In this research, water shortage crises were simulated using system dynamics. Important variables of the water shortage crisis are identified and optimized using the Design of Experiments (DOE) method. Vensim software was considered to illustrate the simulations of five scenarios aiming at better managing water resources and dealing with the water shortage crisis in this city. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection)
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12 pages, 7418 KiB  
Article
Treatment of High Nutrient-Loaded Wastewater in a Constructed Floating Wetland with Different Configurations: Role of Lantana Biochar Addition
by Preeti Parihar, Naveen Chand and Surindra Suthar
Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 16049; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316049 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CW) with carbon stock in substrate matrix show high efficiency in wastewater nutrient removals. In this study, five batch-scale CW setups with varying Lantana weed biochar (BC) doses (5, 10, and 15%) in substrate matrix were established and changes in high [...] Read more.
Constructed wetlands (CW) with carbon stock in substrate matrix show high efficiency in wastewater nutrient removals. In this study, five batch-scale CW setups with varying Lantana weed biochar (BC) doses (5, 10, and 15%) in substrate matrix were established and changes in high nutrient-loaded wastewater parameters, ammonium N (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO3-N), sulfate (SO4−2), and phosphate (PO4−3), were monitored for 240 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). BC amount directly affected the removal mechanism of CWs and a significant reduction in COD (>92.71%) was recorded. CW setup with a 15% BC dose showed the maximum removal of PO4−3 (79.06%), NH4+-N (78.79%), SO4−2 (67.93%), and NO3-N (77.42%) from wastewater. The theory of BC facilitated physical removal, microbial facilitation, and chemical kinetics improvements are proposed for better removal of wastewater nutrients in studied CWs. Research results could be utilized to design a low-cost domestic wastewater treatment facility using BC for rural areas under a decentralized water treatment program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection)
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Review

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27 pages, 1465 KiB  
Review
Wastewater Treatment in Central Asia: Treatment Alternatives for Safe Water Reuse
by Marzhan S. Kalmakhanova, Jose L. Diaz de Tuesta, Arindam Malakar, Helder T. Gomes and Daniel D. Snow
Sustainability 2023, 15(20), 14949; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014949 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1502
Abstract
Due to water scarcity and ready availability, treated wastewater in Central Asia is increasingly reused and seen as a valuable resource, requiring effective management with particular care for human health, environmental protection, and water security. Due to limited technical and economic support and [...] Read more.
Due to water scarcity and ready availability, treated wastewater in Central Asia is increasingly reused and seen as a valuable resource, requiring effective management with particular care for human health, environmental protection, and water security. Due to limited technical and economic support and poorly developed regulatory systems, many cities have inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure. Improved wastewater effluent management is paramount due to its relationship with surface and groundwater quality used for drinking and agricultural irrigation. This paper presents a brief review of the published literature reporting on current wastewater treatment technologies and effluent composition, with particular attention paid to reuse needs. The impact of these practices on water quality is further assessed from information and reports gathered from various sources on the quantity and quality of surface waters and groundwaters. Finally, alternatives to current wastewater treatment practices in Central Asia will be explored with a particular emphasis on the removal of contaminants of emerging concern, including biological treatment systems, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, and managed/unmanaged aquifer recharge techniques based on permeable reactive barriers, aiming to increase the availability and quality of surface waters and groundwaters for safe water reuse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection)
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27 pages, 1111 KiB  
Review
Challenges and Emerging Trends in Advanced Oxidation Technologies and Integration of Advanced Oxidation Processes with Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment
by Ginni Gopalakrishnan, Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar and Adishkumar Somanathan
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4235; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054235 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3493
Abstract
One of the biggest problems the world is currently experiencing is wastewater treatment. Numerous pollutants are released into water bodies by enormous amounts of effluents from varied sources. This paper provides a concise summary of the state of the art in AOPs, biological [...] Read more.
One of the biggest problems the world is currently experiencing is wastewater treatment. Numerous pollutants are released into water bodies by enormous amounts of effluents from varied sources. This paper provides a concise summary of the state of the art in AOPs, biological treatment, and their efficient application for the degradation of the numerous recalcitrant organic contaminants found in wastewater. The employment of a photoreactor is necessary for the efficient execution of the majority of photocatalytic processes. This review examines the effectiveness of several reactor configurations with varying geometries. Integrating different AOPs and AOPs with biological approaches for degrading pollutants in wastewater was also discussed. It is important to emphasize that an integrated AOP/biological system produces by-products that are not hazardous, uses little energy, and completely degrades pollutants. The review also outlines the challenges and issues of wastewater treatment for an environmentally and economically feasible process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Technologies for Wastewater Management and Environmental Protection)
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