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A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 16 July 2024 | Viewed by 8257

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xin Liao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Interests: geological disaster; engineering properties of special rocks and soil
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jimeng Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Interests: tunnel construction technology under complex conditions; durability of tunnel and underground structure
Prof. Dr. Qiang Tang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China
Interests: municipal solid waste disposal; environmentally friendly construction materials; geotechnical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the fast development of engineering technology and social economics, more engineering constructions are being built in mountainous areas and deep underground. Due to the special topography and geological environment, many potential geological disasters may occur. Landslides, rockfalls, snow avalanches and debris flow are the major surficial geological disasters in mountainous area, while rock bursts, large deformation, water gushing and high temperatures are the major forms of underground geological disaster. In addition, the engineering properties of some special rocks and soil will affect the safety factor as well. To understand the evolution mechanism of geological disasters and mechanical characteristics of special rocks and soil, it is of significant importance to take correct and suitable engineering measures for geological disaster prevention and control.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

(1) Mechanism of surficial geological disasters;

(2) Mechanism of underground geological disasters;

(3) Engineering property of special rock and soil;

(4) Characteristics of  geological disaster and prevention and control measurements;

(5) Prevention and control measurements by environmentally friendly materials and technologies;

(6) Restoration technology of geological disaster;

(7) Numerical simulation, theoretical models and other forms of analysis, calculation and prediction of geological disasters;

(8) New monitoring technology for geological disasters.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Xin Liao
Dr. Jimeng Feng
Prof. Dr. Qiang Tang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mechanism of geological disasters
  • prevention and control measurements
  • engineering property
  • numerical simulation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5735 KiB  
Article
Study on Shear Characteristics of Herbs Plant Root–Soil Composite System in Beiluhe Permafrost Regions under Freeze–Thaw Cycles, Qinghai–Tibet Highway, China
by Cheng Wang, Xiasong Hu, Haijing Lu, Changyi Liu, Jimei Zhao, Guangyan Xing, Jiangtao Fu, Huatan Li, Zhe Zhou, Weitao Lv, Yabin Liu, Guorong Li, Haili Zhu and Dequan He
Sustainability 2024, 16(7), 2907; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072907 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 585
Abstract
In order to study the root–soil composite system shear characteristics under the action of freeze–thaw cycles in the permafrost regions along the Qinghai–Tibet Highway (QTH) from the Beiluhe–Tuotuohe (B-T) section, the slopes in the permafrost regions along the QTH from the B-T section [...] Read more.
In order to study the root–soil composite system shear characteristics under the action of freeze–thaw cycles in the permafrost regions along the Qinghai–Tibet Highway (QTH) from the Beiluhe–Tuotuohe (B-T) section, the slopes in the permafrost regions along the QTH from the B-T section were selected as the object of the study. The direct shear test of root–soil composite systems under different amounts of freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles and gray correlations were used to analyze the correlation between the number of F-T cycles, water content, root content, and the soil shear strength index. The results show that the cohesion of the soil in the area after F-T cycles exhibits a significant stepwise decrease with an increase in F-T cycles, which can be divided into three stages: the instantaneous stage (a decrease of 46.73–56.42%), the gradual stage (a decrease of 14.80–25.55%), and the stabilization stage (a decrease of 0.61–2.99%). The internal friction angle did not exhibit a regular change. The root–soil composite system showed significant enhancement of soil cohesion compared with soil without roots, with a root content of 0.03 g/cm3 having the most significant effect on soil cohesion (increasing amplitude 65.20–16.82%). With an increase in the number of the F-T cycles, while the water content is greater than 15.0%, the greater the water content of the soil, the smaller its cohesion becomes. Through gray correlation analysis, it was found that the correlation between the number of F-T cycles, water content, root content, and soil cohesion after F-T cycles were 0.63, 0.72, and 0.66, respectively, indicating that water content had the most significant impact on soil cohesion after F-T cycles. The results of this study provide theoretical support for further understanding the variation law of the shear strength of root–soil composite systems in permafrost regions under F-T cycles and the influencing factors of plant roots to enhance soil shear strength under F-T cycles, as well as for the scientific and effective prevention and control of retrogressive thaw slump in the study area, the QTH stretches across the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering)
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27 pages, 2698 KiB  
Article
Rock Burst Intensity-Grade Prediction Based on Comprehensive Weighting Method and Bayesian Optimization Algorithm–Improved-Support Vector Machine Model
by Guangtuo Bao, Kepeng Hou and Huafen Sun
Sustainability 2023, 15(22), 15880; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215880 - 13 Nov 2023
Viewed by 613
Abstract
In order to accurately judge the tendency of rock burst disaster and effectively guide the prevention and control of rock burst disaster, a rock burst intensity-grade prediction model based on the comprehensive weighting of prediction indicators and Bayesian optimization algorithm–improved-support vector machine (BOA-SVM) [...] Read more.
In order to accurately judge the tendency of rock burst disaster and effectively guide the prevention and control of rock burst disaster, a rock burst intensity-grade prediction model based on the comprehensive weighting of prediction indicators and Bayesian optimization algorithm–improved-support vector machine (BOA-SVM) is proposed for the first time. According to the main factors affecting the occurrence and intensity of rock burst, the rock stress coefficient (σθ/σc), brittleness coefficient (σc/σt) and elastic energy index (Wet) are selected to construct the rock burst prediction indicator system. On the basis of the research of other scholars, according to the main performance and characteristics of rock burst, rock burst is divided into four intensity levels. The collected and sorted 120 sets of rock burst case data at home and abroad are taken as learning samples, and the T-SNE algorithm is used to perform dimensionality-reduction visualization processing on the sample data, visually display the distribution of samples of different grades, evaluate the representativeness of the sample data and prejudge the feasibility of the machine learning algorithm to distinguish different rock burst intensity levels. The combined improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) and Delphi method determine the subjective weight of the indicators; the combined entropy weight method and CRITIC method determine the objective weight of the indicator, and use the harmonic mean criterion of information theory to synthesize the subjective weight and objective weight of the indicator to obtain the comprehensive weight of the indicators. After weighted prediction indicators, a rock burst intensity-grade prediction model is constructed based on the support vector machine, and the hyperparameters of three types of support vector machines are improved by using the Bayesian optimization algorithm. Then, the prediction accuracy of different models is calculated by the random cross-validation method, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the rock burst intensity-grade prediction model is verified. In order to evaluate the generalization and engineering applicability of the proposed model, 20 groups of rock burst case data from the Maluping mine and Daxiangling tunnel are introduced to predict the rock burst intensity grade. The results show that the accuracy of the rock burst intensity-grade prediction model based on comprehensive weighting and BOA-SVM is as high as 93.30%, which is of higher accuracy and better effect than the ordinary model, and can provide warning information with a higher fault tolerance rate, which provides a new way of thinking for rock burst intensity-grade prediction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering)
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17 pages, 7872 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Influence of Fault Structure on the Geostress Field
by Lei Zhu, Tao Huang, Haifeng Li, Zelin Zhou and Xin Liao
Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13734; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813734 - 14 Sep 2023
Viewed by 596
Abstract
A geostress field continuously evolves with long-term tectonic activity. A fault, as a general product of tectonic movements, has a great influence on the geostress field in the vicinity. To analyze the geostress field characteristics and influencing factors near the fault fracture zone [...] Read more.
A geostress field continuously evolves with long-term tectonic activity. A fault, as a general product of tectonic movements, has a great influence on the geostress field in the vicinity. To analyze the geostress field characteristics and influencing factors near the fault fracture zone in high-altitude areas, this study takes the Dianda-Piru fault on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau as its research object. Based on the geological conditions and in situ stress measurement data in the study area, a refined numerical model was established using numerical simulation to invert the geostress field in the vicinity of the fault fracture zone, and a quantitative analysis of the factors influencing the geostress distribution was carried out. The results show that the overall relationship between large horizontal principal stress σH, vertical stress σv, and small horizontal principal stress σh is σH > σv > σh, and the surrounding rock stress is dominated by horizontal stress. Geostress is released within the fault fracture zone to a certain extent, and there is a certain degree of stress concentration within the intact rock mass on the upper plate of the fault. The elastic modulus has a greater influence on the geostress field near the fracture structure area than Poisson’s ratio, and the range of the stress-weakening zone increases with the decrease in the elastic modulus. The maximum principal stress inside the fault increases with the increase in the angle between the fault strike and regional principal stress, while the deflection angle of the surrounding principal stress direction decreases with the increase in this angle. The study of the distribution law of geostress fields with developed fracture structures can provide theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of engineering construction in tectonically active areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering)
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20 pages, 16981 KiB  
Article
Study on Fluid–Solid Coupling Numerical Simulation and Early Warning of Weathered Granite Landslides Induced by Extreme Rainfall
by Peng Yu, Honghua Liu, Hongbo Yu, Yongjian Xie, Yang Yu, Chenghao Zhu, Jie Dong and Yong Guan
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11738; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511738 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1041
Abstract
Rainfall is the main factor inducing landslides. Clarifying rainfall-induced landslides’ mechanisms and establishing adequate warning and prevention measures are crucial for regional disaster prevention and sustainable development. The weathering degree of fully weathered granite slopes is high, and the engineering mechanics property is [...] Read more.
Rainfall is the main factor inducing landslides. Clarifying rainfall-induced landslides’ mechanisms and establishing adequate warning and prevention measures are crucial for regional disaster prevention and sustainable development. The weathering degree of fully weathered granite slopes is high, and the engineering mechanics property is poor, so it is easy to lose stability under extreme rainfall conditions. In this paper, the Fanling fully weathered granite landslide in Laoshan Scenic Spot in eastern China is taken as the research object, and the fluid–solid coupling landslide numerical model is established using ABAQUS 2022. The numerical simulation is carried out under five different rainfall intensity and time conditions, and the seepage field response, deformation response, and stability of the slope are analyzed. The research results indicate that (1) the fully weathered granite landslide in Fanling is a thrust-type landslide, and the response of horizontal deformation is greater than that of vertical deformation. (2) Compared with a long-term small rainstorm, a short-term heavy rainstorm is more harmful, and the slope is more prone to instability and damage. (3) The established unstable and under-stable rainfall warning curves for fully weathered granite landslides can provide a reference for the warning and prevention of similar regional landslides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering)
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24 pages, 10151 KiB  
Article
Stability of Unsaturated Soil Slope Considering Stratigraphic Uncertainty
by Wei Cao, Zheng Wan and Wenjing Li
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10717; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310717 - 07 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 904
Abstract
Stratigraphic uncertainty is widely present in nature, but it has not been well considered in the stability analysis of unsaturated soil slopes in the past. In this study, the stability of the unsaturated soil slope is evaluated based on borehole data considering stratigraphic [...] Read more.
Stratigraphic uncertainty is widely present in nature, but it has not been well considered in the stability analysis of unsaturated soil slopes in the past. In this study, the stability of the unsaturated soil slope is evaluated based on borehole data considering stratigraphic uncertainty. Firstly, an enhanced coupled Markov chain model is used to simulate stratigraphic uncertainty. Then, a finite element algorithm for automatically calculating the safety factor (FS) and the average groundwater table (AGT) of the unsaturated soil slope is developed. At last, a hypothetical slope located in the stratum from Perth, West Australia is analyzed using the proposed algorithm under different borehole schemes. The results show that with the increase in the borehole number, the statistics of FS and AGT will not monotonically increase or decrease. But the trend is that the mean values of FS and AGT gradually approach and eventually converge to the real values, and the standard deviations of FS and AGT decrease. There is a linear relationship between the standard deviation of FS (or AGT) and the average information entropy. The FS and AGT are negatively correlated considering stratigraphic uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering)
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24 pages, 7985 KiB  
Article
Cracking Pattern and Bearing Capacity of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Single-Layer Tunnel Lining
by Huayun Li, Yangfan Wu, Anxiang Zhou, Feng Lu, Zhongcheng Lei, Bowen Zeng and Kaicheng Zhu
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10665; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310665 - 06 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1150
Abstract
In recent years, steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) single-layer linings have been used in tunnel engineering. Compared to plain concrete single-layer linings, SFRC single-layer linings demonstrate enhanced bearing capacity, durability, and sustainability. Existing studies primarily focused on the mechanical properties of SFRC; however, limited [...] Read more.
In recent years, steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) single-layer linings have been used in tunnel engineering. Compared to plain concrete single-layer linings, SFRC single-layer linings demonstrate enhanced bearing capacity, durability, and sustainability. Existing studies primarily focused on the mechanical properties of SFRC; however, limited investigations have been conducted on the cracking pattern of SFRC linings. This study uses laboratory tests to examine the influence of steel fiber content and aspect ratio on the mechanical properties of concrete, such as compressive strength and elastic modulus. After the recommended content and aspect ratio of steel fiber are proposed through tests, the cracking pattern and safety performance of plain concrete and SFRC linings under surrounding rock pressure are studied using a similar model test. The test results indicate that the recommended steel fiber volume fraction and aspect ratio for CF35 SFRC are 0.58% and 70, respectively. Due to the effect of loose load, cracks initially develop on the inside of arch crowns in both plain concrete and SFRC single-layer linings. Subsequently, new cracks appear on the inside of the lining floor and the outside of the two wall feet. Numerous narrow cracks with rugged and winding expansion paths can be found on SFRC single-layer linings. Conversely, plain concrete single-layer linings exhibit fewer cracks with larger widths along a straighter path. The initial cracking load of a single-layer lining made of plain concrete is 0.027 MPa, whereas for a single-layer lining made of SFRC, it is 0.04 MPa. This indicates that SFRC can effectively enhance the initial cracking load of lining structures. In the event of damage to the lining, the most critical area for the plain concrete single-layer lining is at the two wall feet, where the minimum safety factor is 1.66. However, for the SFRC lining in the same location, the safety factor is 2.7, resulting in a 62.7% increase in safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering)
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Review

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31 pages, 13279 KiB  
Review
Research on the Design and Construction of Inclined Shafts for Long Mountain Tunnels: A Review
by Dongping Zhao, Huaiyu Tu, Qi He and Hua Li
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 9963; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139963 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2183
Abstract
In recent years, inclined shafts have been widely used in long mountain tunnels, but the corresponding design and construction technical specifications need to be improved. By means of literature statistics and actual cases, a comprehensive and systematic review is made on the tunnel [...] Read more.
In recent years, inclined shafts have been widely used in long mountain tunnels, but the corresponding design and construction technical specifications need to be improved. By means of literature statistics and actual cases, a comprehensive and systematic review is made on the tunnel profile, lining structure, construction and operation ventilation, construction methods, and machinery of inclined shafts for long mountain tunnels. The results show that: (1) The design of a gentle slope section of an inclined shaft with large longitudinal slope needs to be further improved; (2) When an inclined shaft is only used for ventilation in the operation stage, it is necessary to make full use of the natural wind and eliminate its adverse effects; (3) It is suggested to study the supporting parameters of an inclined shaft in order to realize the standardised design of the supporting parameters; (4) The space of an inclined shaft is narrow, and it has practical demand in improving the automation, intelligence, management, and dispatching level of transport vehicles. In the future, it is an inevitable trend for electric vehicles to replace fuel vehicles. It is necessary to carry out further research on inclined shaft longitudinal slope design, construction and operation ventilation design, and transportation mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Study on Sustainable Geological Disaster Prevention and Control in Engineering)
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