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A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Transportation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 17981

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha

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Guest Editor

Department of Transportation, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Interests: human behavior and attitudes toward transportation sector research; road safety research; logistic and supply chain management research; perceptions of public transport research; transportation service quality research; public transport safety research; crash-injury severity analysis; road safety audits

Dr. Chamroeun Se

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Guest Editor

Department of Transportation, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Interests: crash-injury severity analysis; advanced econometric and statistical modeling analysis; traffic safety analysis; temporal and spatial instability in roadway safety research; behavioral and attitudinal research with advanced preference heterogeneity models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Very few parts of the globe have seen significant changes and progress toward achieving a sustainable community, with the rest of the world falling behind. Slowing and mitigating climate change is an urgent concern for us all. Greenhouse gas emissions have been observed to rise significantly over the last decade, with transport being the biggest contributor. Not only is transport a cause of emissions, but it has also been recognized as one of the major sources of the loss of human life on the road. The objectives of road safety and climate change are not mutually exclusive in achieving a sustainable community. Both climate change and road safety must be considered as sustainable development priorities, with the aim of creating a transport system that improves well-being and livability.

Cars contribute to half of transport-related emissions, yet a third of all car trips are short, i.e., under two kilometers. It is these local and short-distance trips that could easily be switched to other modes of transport (public transport, walking, cycling, etc.), which are potentially safer and more sustainable. We need to see a huge transformative shift away from car dependency in our communities, which represents both an opportunity and an urgent challenge. Meaningful conversations need to be had on how progress can be made toward both of these priorities. Hence, this Special Issue aims to provide a forum to share empirical research in the field of road safety (research in LMIC is highly encouraged) and low-carbon emissions in the context of the transport sector to increase our understanding of emerging challenges and stimulate new research directions. We are looking forward to receiving theoretical and empirical research (research papers, communications, or review articles) that investigate a variety of issues, including, but not limited to, the following topics:

Climate change and road safety: linkages and challenges;
Safety of vulnerable road users (elderly road users, pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, etc.);
In-depth understanding of factors contributing to crash severity and frequency;
Active modes of transport;
Carbon emissions generated by transport;
Low-carbon transport feasibility studies;
Safety and security hazards associated with transport;
Perceptions of danger and its contributing factors;
Factors affecting transport choices (urban or rural);
Methodological advances and considerations of complex systems in improving the sustainability of transport systems;
Policies and interventions that promote healthy and sustainable transport modes, transport systems, and communities;
Efficient service quality for active transport, public transport, air transport, etc.

The collection of relevant empirical work for this Special Issue could inform the decision-making process, in order to encourage the transfer of research into practice and to set priorities and coordinate transport initiatives across the globe.

Dr. Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
Dr. Chamroeun Se
Guest Editors

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Keywords

climate change
low-carbon development
sustainable transport
carbon emissions
public transport
active transport
road safety
vulnerable road users
crash injury
crash frequency
transport policy
transport intervention

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 6407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Driving Risk Identification of Truck Drivers Based on China’s Highway Toll Data

by Zhenzhen Yang

Sustainability 2024, 16(5), 2122; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052122 - 4 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 582

Abstract

Dangerous or illegal driving may disrupt the traffic safety management of public security organs, damage road infrastructure, lead to traffic accidents, or result in economic losses. This paper proposes a framework based on China’s highway toll data to identify dangerous or illegal driving risks, such as unfamiliarity with road conditions, overload, driving over the speed limit, fatigued driving, fake license plates, and other risks. The unfamiliarity with road conditions is identified with the frequency of driving routes. When the total weight of a vehicle and its cargo is greater than the upper limit of the total weight of the vehicle and its cargo, the vehicle can be judged as overloaded. When the actual travel time is less than the minimum travel time, it can be inferred that the vehicle has a risk of fatigued driving, driving over the speed limit, a fake license plate, or other risks. Two accidents are used to demonstrate the process of the proposed framework for identifying driving risks based on China’s highway toll data. Additional analysis proves that the proposed framework can be used to identify dangerous or illegal driving risks, and it provides a scientific basis for the traffic safety management of public security organs, reducing infrastructure damage, and avoiding the loss of national taxes and fees. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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17 pages, 4476 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Dynamics of Pedestrian Flow through Different Transition Bottlenecks

by Yurong Mo, Shiyao Qiu, Jiali Tang and Zhihong Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(4), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041391 - 7 Feb 2024

Viewed by 892

Abstract

Congestion and queues are crucial factors in high-passenger flow areas, affecting both traffic efficiency and pedestrian comfort. Ensuring pedestrian safety in bottleneck areas is of utmost importance, and understanding flow characteristics is essential to improving resilience levels. In this study, a comparative experiment was conducted to investigate crowd dynamics in different transition bottleneck types, including straight, right-angle, and curve transitions. Pedestrian flow data were analyzed to examine the impact of transition shape on pedestrian characteristics, such as passing time, speeds, trajectories, and densities within the bottleneck. The results indicate that the curve bottleneck outperforms the other two types, significantly improving traffic capacity, particularly when the pedestrian rate ranges from 0.5 to 1.25 person/s. The curve bottleneck demonstrates the minimum passing time, lowest density, and fastest passing speed. Moreover, under various flow rates, the cumulative maximum pedestrian density of curve bottlenecks is consistently smaller than the other types. These findings offer valuable insights for designing and managing pedestrian flow in bottleneck areas to ensure safety and resilience levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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17 pages, 1636 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calculation of Carbon Emissions and Study of the Emission Reduction Path of Conventional Public Transportation in Harbin City

by Wenhui Zhang, Ge Zhou, Ziwen Song, Xintao Shi, Meiru Ye, Xirui Chen, Yuhao Xiang, Wenzhao Zheng and Pan Zhang

Sustainability 2023, 15(22), 16025; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216025 - 16 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1108

Abstract

As the northernmost megacity in China, the long winters, large population size, and unsustainable transport structure in Harbin determine that the city will produce relatively large carbon emissions. The transportation industry is one of the three greenhouse gas emission sources; therefore, the development of low-carbon transportation is imperative. This work compares commonly used carbon emission measurement methods and chooses a mileage method to classify the carbon emissions of conventional buses of different energy types used in Harbin in 2020. A multi-factor grey prediction model was constructed to predict the population size of Harbin and the number of conventional buses. After that, a scenario analysis method was used to analyze the fuel structure of buses in Harbin from three perspectives: a pessimistic scenario, a baseline scenario, and an optimistic scenario. The carbon emissions of conventional buses were calculated for Harbin from 2023 to 2030. Finally, by combining the prediction results and factors influencing carbon emission, a regular bus path to minimize carbon emissions is proposed. The outcome of this study shows that the carbon emission environment in Harbin will be improved by reducing vehicle energy consumption, optimizing energy structure, standardizing driving behavior, building intelligent transportation, giving priority to public transportation, and improving the road network structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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14 pages, 3385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Ecological Driving Following Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

by Weiqi Zhou, Nanchi Wu, Qingchao Liu, Chaofeng Pan and Long Chen

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13325; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813325 - 5 Sep 2023

Viewed by 818

Abstract

Traditional car-following models usually prioritize minimizing inter-vehicle distance error when tracking the preceding vehicle, often neglecting crucial factors like driving economy and passenger ride comfort. To address this limitation, this paper integrates the concept of eco-driving and formulates a multi-objective function that encompasses economy, comfort, and safety. A novel eco-driving car-following strategy based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is proposed, employing the vehicle’s state, including data from the preceding vehicle and the ego vehicle, as the state space, and the desired time headway from the intelligent driver model (IDM) as the action space. The DDPG agent is trained to dynamically adjust the following vehicle’s speed in real-time, striking a balance between driving economy, comfort, and safety. The results reveal that the proposed DDPG-based IDM model significantly enhances comfort, safety, and economy when compared to the fixed-time headway IDM model, achieving an economy improvement of 2.66% along with enhanced comfort. Moreover, the proposed approach maintains a relatively stable following distance under medium-speed conditions, ensuring driving safety. Additionally, the comprehensive performance of the proposed method is analyzed under three typical scenarios, confirming its generalization capability. The DDPG-enhanced IDM car-following model aligns with eco-driving principles, offering novel insights for advancing IDM-based car-following models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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12 pages, 528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Development of Service Metrics Indicators of a Public Transportation Service Case Study: Intercity Trains in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand

by Nattiya Wonglakorn, Anon Chantaratang, Cherdsak Suksiripattanapong, Karn Na Sritha, Warunee Aunphoklang, Nattida Ninjinda and Wilasinee Keerakittisakul

Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11739; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511739 - 30 Jul 2023

Viewed by 979

Abstract

This research studied the relationships of indicators related to the selection of intercity train services in Thailand’s Nakhon Ratchasima province. The goal was to examine the characteristics of the intercity train services and the factors that influence choosing them. The research tool used to collect data consisted of 508 sets of questionnaires completed by samples who had used the intercity train service. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to investigate the service quality and customer satisfaction indicators affecting the selection of intercity train services. The study found that the service quality indicators included station, service, staff, and vehicle. The customer satisfaction indicators included station, service, travel promotions, and price satisfaction. However, when the service quality indicators were investigated, they had a direct positive effect on customer satisfaction at the 0.01 level of statistical significance. Passengers are most satisfied with obtaining travel information, such as train timetables, fares, and updated information. The involved agencies can use the study’s findings to determine policies and formulate plans for information management and intercity train service metrics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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18 pages, 585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Criteria-Based Optimization Model for Sustainable Mobility and Transport

by Vit Malinovsky and Tomas Subrt

Sustainability 2023, 15(11), 8951; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118951 - 1 Jun 2023

Viewed by 765

Abstract

This paper deals with problems of freight transport sustainability from the perspective of four key factors: greenhouse gas production, fossil fuel dependence, congestion, and accident rates. It is based on the results of the FreightVision project, in which the author participated as a researcher and member of the design team. The aim was to develop a set of 35 recommendations to serve as a tool for European Union decision-making in transport policy matters at the highest level. The developed measures were prioritized, and a list of individual recommendations was drawn up according to their potentials. Then, the set of measures was processed using multi-criteria analysis tools, and these results were compared with the original list using comparative analysis to identify differences between the two approaches. The contribution of this work is the development of a methodology for evaluating the traffic measures according to their priorities and, at the same time, the verification of the empirical results thus obtained with the results that were the output of the mathematical processing. This work fills a research gap in a similar problem area by working with specific measures systematically developed for the purposes of analysis; these results are used to formulate recommendations for the European Commission whose policy decisions should lead to an increased level of freight transport sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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20 pages, 7353 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Transition of Land Use and Road Safety Studies: A Systematic Literature Review (2000–2021)

by Pawinee Iamtrakul, Sararad Chayphong and Derlie Mateo-Babiano

Sustainability 2023, 15(11), 8894; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118894 - 31 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2012

Abstract

About 1.3 million deaths occur every year due to road traffic crashes, making road safety a growing concern in many cities. This study considers the extent to which road safety challenges contribute to the built environment. In this paper, we applied the visualization technology of Bibliometrics supported by VOSviewer software and CitesSpace to develop a systematic review to understand the research status and identify gaps in road safety related to built environmental issues. This method has advantages in comprehensive quantitative statistics, visual information display, accurate description, and evaluation. Data was gathered from Scopus databases between 2000 to 2021, and a final number of 437 publications were retrieved. Road safety and land use were the primary keywords to locate relevant publications and identify their relationship. The analysis included the number of publications, research areas, and keywords for an in-depth evaluation. The result was visualized and bibliographically analyzed by demonstrating the existing occurrences between crucial terms, keywords and research areas. The findings revealed that road safety plays a vital role in significant issues, among others, that relate to land use and urban planning in the particular area associated with road safety. Therefore, it is essential to deliberately consider road safety in the very beginning to ensure that proper future solutions can be implemented through appropriate planning and design that is consistent with the surrounding city. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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20 pages, 2244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Three-Stage Hybrid SEM-BN-ANN Approach for Analyzing Airport Service Quality

by Thitinan Pholsook, Warit Wipulanusat, Poomporn Thamsatitdej, Sarawut Ramjan, Jirapon Sunkpho and Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha

Sustainability 2023, 15(11), 8885; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118885 - 31 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1675

Abstract

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has impacted the aviation industry worldwide. Several restrictions and regulations have been implemented to prevent the virus’s spread and maintain airport operations. To recover the trustworthiness of air travelers in the new normality, improving airport service quality (ASQ) is necessary, ultimately increasing passenger satisfaction in airports. This research focuses on the relationship between passenger satisfaction and the ASQ dimensions of airports in Thailand. A three-stage analysis model was conducted by integrating structural equation modeling, Bayesian networks, and artificial neural networks to identify critical ASQ dimensions that highly impact overall satisfaction. The findings reveal that airport facilities, wayfinding, and security are three dominant dimensions influencing overall passenger satisfaction. This insight could help airport managers and operators recover passenger satisfaction, increase trustworthiness, and maintain the efficiency of the airports in not only this severe crisis but also in the new normality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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28 pages, 5718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Temporal Instability and Transferability Analysis of Daytime and Nighttime Motorcyclist-Injury Severities Considering Unobserved Heterogeneity of Data

by Chamroeun Se, Thanapong Champahom, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Panuwat Wisutwattanasak, Wimon Laphrom and Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha

Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4486; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054486 - 2 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431

Abstract

Using motorcycle crash data from 2016 to 2019, this paper aims to uncover and compare the risk factors that influence the severity of motorcyclist injuries sustained in daytime and nighttime motorcycle crashes in Thailand. Mixed-ordered probit models with means and variances in heterogeneity were used to take into consideration unobserved heterogeneity. The temporal instability of risk factors was also extensively explored. The results show that male motorcyclists, speeding, fatigue, crashes in work zones, crashes on raised median roads, intersection-related crashes, crashes on wet roads, and crashes on unlit roads are all factors that are positively associated with the risk of death and serious injury in nighttime crashes. The presence of pillions, crashes on two-lane roads, crashes on depressed/flush median roads, crashes in rural areas, U-turn-related crashes, weekend crashes involving heavy vehicles, and head-on crashes are factors that were positively associated with risk of death and serious injury for both daytime and nighttime crashes. This study’s findings provide evidence that factors that influence motorcycle accidents during the daytime and nighttime vary significantly. Additionally, nighttime crashes typically carried a higher risk of fatalities or serious injuries compared to daytime crashes. A discussion of policy recommendations is also provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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24 pages, 1861 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards the Use of Child Restraint Systems by Comparing Non-Users and User Parents

by Thanapong Champahom, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Woraanong Thotongkam, Pornsiri Jongkol, Porntip Rodpon and Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha

Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 2896; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042896 - 6 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1635

Abstract

In developing countries, there are no laws to enforce child safety seat use, so there is still a very low rate of use. This study aimed to understand parents’ attitudes toward CRS use based on the health belief model (HBM) theory. To find realistic policies encouraging the use of CRSs, the model was split into two sub-models: a group of parents using a CRS (CRS user) and a group of parents not using a CRS (CRS non-user). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and measurement invariance (MI) to test the differences between the two parent groups, the CFA results indicated that there were six constructs based on the HBM. According to the individual models of SEM, in the CRS non-user model, no significant latent construct was found to affect the use of CRSs, whereas in the CRS user model, the perceived severity and the cues to action were significant for using a CRS (p < 0.05). The MI results indicated that the attitudes of the two parent groups were different. The recommendations for policies obtained from the study results include promotion aimed toward increasing safety awareness, public relations regarding CRS usefulness, and pricing strategies from the government sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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24 pages, 1860 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparison of Contributing Factors between Young and Old Riders of Motorcycle Crash Severity on Local Roads

by Thanapong Champahom, Chamroeun Se, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Tassana Boonyoo and Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha

Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 2708; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032708 - 2 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1993

Abstract

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the severity of motorcycle crashes on local roads, particularly given the high speeds often observed for motorcycles on these roads with low traffic volumes and numerous multi-leg intersections. Previous research has shown that a rider’s age can impact their speed behavior. To explore this issue, data on motorcycle crashes from 2015 to 2020 in Thailand—a middle-income developing country—were analyzed using a random parameter logit model with unobserved heterogeneity in means and variances, comparing young (<30-year-old) and older (>50-year-old) riders. The contributing factors were divided into four groups: driver, crash, environmental, and road factors. The transferability test yielded different results for the young rider and old rider models, indicating that it is appropriate to analyze these models separately. A constant value revealed that old riders were more likely to die in a crash than young riders. In terms of the random parameter, the local address and road surface variables were found to be significant in both models. The results of unobserved heterogeneity in means and variances identified significant variables in both models, including gender, exceeding the speed limit, lit roads, unlit roads, mobile phone use, and road surface. These findings were used to develop policy recommendations for reducing the severity of motorcycle crashes on local roads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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16 pages, 3380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Theoretical Solutions for Estimating the Tunnel Response Induced by Overlying Excavation

by Guohui Feng, Qingsheng Chen, Changjie Xu, Peng Wan, Feng Sun, Yujie Li and Zhihao Sun

Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 2589; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032589 - 1 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1251

Abstract

As a result of China’s urbanization, it has been a common phenomenon that adjacent deep excavations were constructed near underground structures, which can have a series of detrimental effects on existing tunnels. Thus, it is crucial to assess the tunnel response induced by the overlying excavation, with the aim of maintaining the safety and serviceability of operating tunnels. The shield tunnel is idealized as an infinite beam lying upon a three parameter Kerr-model and the vertical force equilibrium equation of the tunnel element is established. Then, a theoretical solution is derived for capturing the soil–tunnel interaction. To prove the accuracy of the proposed method, the calculation results are compared with field measurements, along with the data of finite element studies. Thereafter, a parametric analysis will be conducted to assess some characteristic factors for tunnel responses caused by overlying excavations, such as tunnel-excavation horizontal distance, tunnel bending stiffness, and the buried depth of the tunnel. The results indicate that the increase in the bending stiffness and the buried depth of tunnel, as well as the tunnel-excavation horizontal distance, will significantly alleviate the tunnel deformation. However, the inner force will be increased when increasing the tunnel bending stiffness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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15 pages, 959 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Intention to Use Conditionally Automated Vehicles in Thailand, Based on an Extended Technology Acceptance Model

by Phakphum Sakuljao, Wichuda Satiennam, Thaned Satiennam, Nopadon Kronprasert and Sittha Jaensirisak

Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 1868; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031868 - 18 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1464

Abstract

Automated vehicles (AVs) provide several advantages in solving issues of road traffic; including enhanced safety, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced traffic congestion. As AVs are still relatively new developments in developing countries, AV adoption faces challenges from both technological and psychological issues. Therefore, our initial research focus is on identifying the factors that influence the intention to use conditionally automated vehicles (CAVs; SAE Level 3). An extended technology acceptance model (TAM), which includes Trust, Perceived Risks, and Environmental concerns, is proposed as the predictor model in this study. The 299 participants gathered through online surveys in Thailand were examined using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique. In this study, Trust was shown to be the strongest predictor of Intention, followed by Perceived Ease of Use, whereas Perceived Usefulness had no impact on intention to use the SAE Level 3. The results of this study will be able to guide the forming of future policies that aim at promoting the use of AVs and helping technology developers create systems to better meet the needs of users in developing nations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Safer and More Sustainable Tomorrow: Roles of Transport Safety, Efficient Service Quality, and Low-Carbon Development)

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