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Separations
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Advanced Methods for Extraction and Determination of Metals and Trace...
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Advanced Methods for Extraction and Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Food and Environmental Samples

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Analysis of Food and Beverages".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 5085

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
Interests: sample preparation; HPLC; atomic absorption spectrometry; electroanalysis; separation science; microextraction techniques; liquid–liquid microextraction; synthesis of nanomaterials; molecularly imprinted polymers; food analysis; environmental analysis; bio-analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marcela Zanetti Corazza

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Guest Editor
Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
Interests: carbon materials; nanocomposites; adsorption and preconcentration; sample pretreatment; adsorption; inorganic and organic pollutants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of sample preparation methods based on novel solid-phase and liquid–liquid microextraction procedures for metal determination has recently been increasing at a surprising rate. The great interest in the sample preparation focuses on the removal of matrix effects and on improving the detectability, but easier, cheaper, and faster methods related to the concept of green chemistry are also of interest. One should note that beyond the need for novel advanced methods for metal extraction, some challenges and analytical difficulties are more evident in analytical chemistry, including the analysis of food samples with minimal sample treatment and chemical speciation from environmental samples.  

In this sense, the advances in material science have increasingly contributed to the development of improved solid-phase extraction methods for metal determination. Some adsorbent materials with outstanding features can be cited, including ion-imprinted polymers, carbon quantum dots, magnetic particles, carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, black carbon, and graphene), restricted-access materials and metal–organic frameworks. Depending on their chemical and morphological structure, these materials provide selectivity and detectability to the developed method. In addition, these materials can be applied in different modalities of solid-phase extraction, such as off-line extraction using open-column, disc, closed-column, sorptive bar and dispersive solid-phase extraction, as well as on-line extraction using flow-injection system analysis and sequential injection analysis.  

Regarding liquid–liquid microextraction, cloud point extraction (CPE), dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), supramolecular extraction (SUPRAs) and liquid–liquid microextraction using ionic liquids and eutectic deep solvents are some of the most interesting methods investigated in recent years in the field of extraction.

Due to the great importance of this topic in analytical chemistry, we encourage our colleagues to submit original papers from their scientific achievements in the field of solid-phase and liquid–liquid microextraction methods for metal preconcentration in food and environmental samples with posterior determination by spectroanalytical and electroanalytical techniques.

Papers focused on the use of new adsorbent materials and improved liquid–liquid microextraction involving chemical speciation also are welcome to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
Dr. Marcela Zanetti Corazza
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Separations is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ion-imprinted polymers
  • advanced nanomaterials
  • solid-phase extraction
  • liquid–liquid microextraction
  • food samples
  • environmental analysis
  • non-chromatographic separation
  • green chemistry
  • atomic spectrometry
  • speciation
  • electrochemistry

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2377 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Surface Modification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for the Extraction of Cadmium Ions in Food and Water Samples: A Chemometric Study
by Faheem Shah and Munazza Ghafoor
Separations 2023, 10(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10020124 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1384
Abstract
In this project, a prompt, efficient, and effective method for Cd2+ ions extraction from different food and water samples using magnetic dispersion-based solid phase extraction by functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles was proposed. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through the co-precipitation method followed [...] Read more.
In this project, a prompt, efficient, and effective method for Cd2+ ions extraction from different food and water samples using magnetic dispersion-based solid phase extraction by functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles was proposed. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through the co-precipitation method followed by functionalization with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyl silane (APTES) to obtain Fe3O4@SiO2@APTES. This composite was characterized through different techniques, including vibrating sample magnetometer, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, XRD, and BET. Variables studied were pH, temperature, sorbent amount, sonication time, and sample and eluent volume affecting the sorption efficacy of freshly synthesized sorbent. Plackett–Burman design was utilized for the identification of significant factors for microextraction of target analyte, while the central composite design was utilized for the optimization of significant factors. Detection and quantification limits obtained were 0.17 and 0.58 μgL−1, respectively, with an enhancement factor of 83.5. Under optimum conditions, Fe3O4@SiO2@APTES showed good stability even after >80 adsorption/desorption cycles run while maintaining over 96% analyte recoveries. The developed method was validated by assessing certified reference materials and standard addition methodology for Cd2+ detection in real samples. To confirm the precision, repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR) were calculated and found as <3.0 (n = 7) and <7.5 (n = 15), respectively. Furthermore, in accordance with the ISO/IEC 17025 recommendations, the validation was also confirmed through a “bottom-up” approach while considering all possible uncertainties in data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Extraction and Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Food and Environmental Samples)
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20 pages, 3561 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silica Modified with Purpald and Its Application in the Preconcentration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from Aqueous Samples through Solid-Phase Extraction
by Marcos Henrique Pereira Wondracek, Alexandre de Oliveira Jorgetto, Adrielli Cristina Peres da Silva, José Fabián Schneider, Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa, Margarida Juri Saeki and Gustavo Rocha de Castro
Separations 2023, 10(2), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10020108 - 03 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1478
Abstract
The synthesis of an organofunctionalized mesoporous silica was accomplished by a two-step process involving (1) the co-condensation of a silylant agent at the surface of silica, followed by (2) the immobilization of Purpald (ligand) at the organic termination of the silytant agent. The [...] Read more.
The synthesis of an organofunctionalized mesoporous silica was accomplished by a two-step process involving (1) the co-condensation of a silylant agent at the surface of silica, followed by (2) the immobilization of Purpald (ligand) at the organic termination of the silytant agent. The characterization of the organofunctionalized material indicated the presence of NH2 groups, and the immobilization of the ligand was confirmed by 29Si- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The material’s surface area was determined as 370 m2 g−1. Batch adsorption experiments enabled the determination of optimum pH conditions for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II). Under optimal pH, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model provided the best correlations to describe the materials adsorption behavior, suggesting a chemisorption mechanism. When tested in continuous-flow preconcentration experiments, the flow rate and eluent concentration demonstrated to affect the removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II), while the buffer concentration had an effect only over the adsorption of Cu(II). Under optimized preconcentration conditions, it was possible both to determine the concentrations of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in samples such as mineral water, ground water, tap water and river water. Ions commonly found in drinking and natural waters (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Ba2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, and H2PO4−) did not affect the preconcentration of any of the studied analytes. Reutilization experiments indicated that the adsorbent material can withstand at least 40 adsorption/desorption preconcentration cycles with no efficiency loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Extraction and Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Food and Environmental Samples)
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Review

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27 pages, 10675 KiB  
Review
Influence of Synthesis Parameters and Polymerization Methods on the Selective and Adsorptive Performance of Bio-Inspired Ion Imprinted Polymers
by Fabio Antonio Cajamarca and César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
Separations 2022, 9(10), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9100266 - 23 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1654
Abstract
Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) have been widely used in different fields of Analytical Sciences due to their intrinsic selective properties. However, the success of chemical imprinting in terms of selectivity, as well as the stability, specific surface area, and absence of swelling effect depends [...] Read more.
Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) have been widely used in different fields of Analytical Sciences due to their intrinsic selective properties. However, the success of chemical imprinting in terms of selectivity, as well as the stability, specific surface area, and absence of swelling effect depends on fully understanding the preparation process. Therefore, the proposal of this review is to describe the influence of relevant parameters on the production processes of ion-imprinted polymers, including the nature (organic, inorganic, or hybrid materials), structure, properties of the salt (source of the metal ion), ligand, crosslinking agent, porogenic solvent, and initiator. Additionally, different polymerization methods are discussed, the classification of IIPs as well as the applications of these adsorbent materials in the last years (2017–2022). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Extraction and Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Food and Environmental Samples)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS FROM SEDIMENTS OF THE MAIPO RIVER BASIN
Author: Copaja
Highlights: Environmental risk of the presence of trace metals in river sediments Distribution of heavy metals in the different fractions of the sediments of the Maipo River basin Relationship between the physical and chemical characteristics of sediments and the concentration of heavy metals

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