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Prof. Dr. Alessandra Flammini

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Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
Interests: design of methods and digital electronic circuits for numeric measurement instrumentation; sensor signal processing; smart sensors and wireless sensor networking; smart grids and smart living
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Dr. Paolo Bellagente

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Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
Interests: IoT based systems for instrumentation and measurement for industry; smart city and cognitive buildings applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In order to attain a state of sustainable development for industry and society, more accurate models should be developed in order to better represent any aspects of reality which will better support decisions and planning. Cyber-physical systems and digital twins are spreading fast in both industrial and urban applications, but digital models become digital twins only if tuned with the reality they represent by means of sensors and sensor networks.

This Special Issue focuses on smart sensors, sensing applications and Internet of Things (IoT) instrumentation, and tools capable of closing the loop of IoT through: measuring physical quantities related to natural phenomena (such as temperatures, vibrations, velocity, etc.) or events (such as collisions, malfunctions, presence, interactions, etc.) and transmitting them to a database that can be utilized to plan suitable actions and refine models.

Authors are invited to contribute to this Special Issue of Sensors by submitting an original manuscript. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

Sensors with smart interfaces;
Smart sensors and sensors networks application in both industrial and smart city context;
Industrial IoT sensors and sensors applications;
Distributed sensing infrastructures.

Prof. Dr. Alessandra Flammini
Dr. Paolo Bellagente
Guest Editors

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32 pages, 3529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring and Control Framework for IoT, Implemented for Smart Agriculture

by Elisha Elikem Kofi Senoo, Ebenezer Akansah, Israel Mendonça and Masayoshi Aritsugi

Sensors 2023, 23(5), 2714; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052714 - 01 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3105

Abstract

To mitigate the effects of the lack of IoT standardization, including scalability, reusability, and interoperability, we propose a domain-agnostic monitoring and control framework (MCF) for the design and implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. We created building blocks for the layers of the five-layer IoT architecture and built the MCF’s subsystems (monitoring subsystem, control subsystem, and computing subsystem). We demonstrated the utilization of MCF in a real-world use-case in smart agriculture, using off-the-shelf sensors and actuators and an open-source code. As a user guide, we discuss the necessary considerations for each subsystem and evaluate our framework in terms of its scalability, reusability, and interoperability (issues that are often overlooked during development). Aside from the freedom to choose the hardware used to build complete open-source IoT solutions, the MCF use-case was less expensive, as revealed by a cost analysis that compared the cost of implementing the system using the MCF to obtain commercial solutions. Our MCF is shown to cost up to 20 times less than normal solutions, while serving its purpose. We believe that the MCF eliminated the domain restriction found in many IoT frameworks and serves as a first step toward IoT standardization. Our framework was shown to be stable in real-world applications, with the code not incurring a significant increase in power utilization, and could be operated using common rechargeable batteries and a solar panel. In fact, our code consumed so little power that the usual amount of energy was two times higher than what is necessary to keep the batteries full. We also show that the data provided by our framework are reliable through the use of multiple different sensors operating in parallel and sending similar data at a stable rate, without significant differences between the readings. Lastly, the elements of our framework can exchange data in a stable way with very few package losses, being able to read over 1.5 million data points in the course of three months. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors, Sensing Applications and IoT Instrumentation)

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