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Spintronic and Magnetic Platforms for Biosensing

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2020) | Viewed by 5507

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Politecnico di Milano, via Giuseppe Colombo, 81 20133 Milano, Italy
Interests: spintronics; spin textures; spin transport; magnetization dynamics; spin waves; spin-orbit torques; electrical control of magnetization; advanced magnetic nanofabrication
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, magnetic platforms have gained interest as a promising reference technology in the field of biosensing, due to their high sensitivity and integrability. The use of magnetic labels for both the manipulation and detection of biological entities—such as biomolecules, pathogens, and cells—is one of the key advantages of magnetic techniques. One of the most utilized magnetic biosensing approaches is based on the use of external magnetic fields to magnetize paramagnetic or superparamagnetic particles and crystals labelling the recognition event between complementary biomolecules on the surface of a magnetic field sensor. Depending on the specific binding scheme and application, different technologies have been employed to detect the magnetic markers, including coils, magnetoresistive devices, Hall effect devices, and various optical and imaging techniques. Magnetic fields can be applied either externally or with integrated microconductors or magnetic micro and nanoconduits, allowing for miniaturization. The possibility to create gradients of magnetic fields enables the use of magnetophoresis in combination with electric or magnetic sensors, giving rise to different detection strategies. In addition, very recently, spintronic biosensors have been used to detect the weak magnetic fields arising from the activity of neurons or cardiac muscle cells in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

This Special Issue will cover a wide range of topics, including the design, fabrication and characterization of magnetic sensing platforms, physical working principles, modeling and simulation, and new biological applications.

Prof. Daniela Petti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • magnetic particles
  • magnetoresistive sensors
  • Hall effect sensors
  • magneto-optical sensors
  • SQUID sensors
  • NEMS- and MEMS-based magnetic sensors
  • magnetophoresis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 6358 KiB  
Article
Reviewing Magnetic Particle Preparation: Exploring the Viability in Biosensing
by Daniel Kappe, Laila Bondzio, Joris Swager, Andreas Becker, Björn Büker, Inga Ennen, Christian Schröder and Andreas Hütten
Sensors 2020, 20(16), 4596; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164596 - 16 Aug 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2336
Abstract
In this review article, we conceptually investigated the requirements of magnetic nanoparticles for their application in biosensing and related them to example systems of our thin-film portfolio. Analyzing intrinsic magnetic properties of different magnetic phases, the size range of the magnetic particles was [...] Read more.
In this review article, we conceptually investigated the requirements of magnetic nanoparticles for their application in biosensing and related them to example systems of our thin-film portfolio. Analyzing intrinsic magnetic properties of different magnetic phases, the size range of the magnetic particles was determined, which is of potential interest for biosensor technology. Different e-beam lithography strategies are utilized to identify possible ways to realize small magnetic particles targeting this size range. Three different particle systems from 500 μm to 50 nm are produced for this purpose, aiming at tunable, vertically magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets, martensitic transformation in a single elliptical, disc-shaped Heusler Ni50Mn32.5Ga17.5 particle and nanocylinders of Co2MnSi-Heusler compound. Perspectively, new applications for these particle systems in combination with microfluidics are addressed. Using the concept of a magnetic on–off ratchet, the most suitable particle system of these three materials is validated with respect to magnetically-driven transport in a microfluidic channel. In addition, options are also discussed for improving the magnetic ratchet for larger particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spintronic and Magnetic Platforms for Biosensing)
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12 pages, 921 KiB  
Letter
On-Chip Selective Capture and Detection of Magnetic Fingerprints of Malaria
by Francesca Milesi, Marco Giacometti, Lorenzo Pietro Coppadoro, Giorgio Ferrari, Gianfranco Beniamino Fiore and Riccardo Bertacco
Sensors 2020, 20(17), 4972; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174972 - 2 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2547
Abstract
The development of innovative diagnostic tests is fundamental in the route towards malaria eradication. Here, we discuss the sorting capabilities of an innovative test for malaria which allows the quantitative and rapid detection of all malaria species. The physical concept of the test [...] Read more.
The development of innovative diagnostic tests is fundamental in the route towards malaria eradication. Here, we discuss the sorting capabilities of an innovative test for malaria which allows the quantitative and rapid detection of all malaria species. The physical concept of the test exploits the paramagnetic property of infected erythrocytes and hemozoin crystals, the magnetic fingerprints of malaria common to all species, which allows them to undergo a selective magnetophoretic separation driven by a magnetic field gradient in competition with gravity. Upon separation, corpuscles concentrate at the surface of a silicon microchip where interdigitated electrodes are placed in close proximity to magnetic concentrators. The impedance variation proportional to the amount of attracted particles is then measured. The capability of our test to perform the selective detection of infected erythrocytes and hemozoin crystals has been tested by means of capture experiments on treated bovine red blood cells, mimicking the behavior of malaria-infected ones, and suspensions of synthetic hemozoin crystals. Different configuration angles of the chip with respect to gravity force and different thicknesses of the microfluidic chamber containing the blood sample have been investigated experimentally and by multiphysics simulations. In the paper, we describe the optimum conditions leading to maximum sensitivity and specificity of the test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spintronic and Magnetic Platforms for Biosensing)
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