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Recent Advances in Visible Light Communication and Positioning Systems

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 4653

Special Issue Editors

Department of Electrical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
Interests: vsible light communication and positioning; backscatter communication; IRS-aided wireless networks; machine learning
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: visible light positioning; visible light communication; integration of communication and positioning; semantic communications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Interests: optical camera communication; integrated sensing and communication; Internet of Things
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Next-generation wireless networks will witness an intelligent convergence of radio frequency (RF) and non-RF links such as visible light communication (VLC). As one of the technologies anticipated to be involved in 6G, visible light communication and positioning (VLCP) has attracted a tremendous amount of attention from both academia and industry due to its Gb/s data transmission rate and centimeter-level location accuracy.

Several key research challenges in the VLCP domain include integration with the existing network infrastructures, mobility awareness, channel modeling, joint communication and positioning, customized design in diverse applications, and low-cost solutions. In terms of global development, VLC is standardized both in IEEE (e.g., IEEE 802.15.7, IEEE 802.15.13) and ITU-T (e.g., ITU-T G-9991), and current efforts focus on its integration with WiFi (IEEE 802.11bb) and 3GPP architecture.

Compared to RF-based communication and positioning, VLCP has several unique advantages: i) large unlicensed bands, ii) no interference with existing RF devices, iii) high spatial multiplexing and inherently narrow interception range, iv) high energy efficiency due to its dual-use nature, and v) precise location indicator due to its dominant line-of-sight signals. As evidence of the rapidly growing VLCP market, in December 2021, pureLiFi secured a multi-million-dollar deal to supply the U.S. military with their Kitefin LiFi system.

This Special Issue, therefore, aims to put together original research and review articles on recent advances, technologies, applications, and new challenges in the field of VLCP systems.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • VLCP system design
  • VLCP channel modeling
  • Spectral efficiency of joint VLCP
  • VLCP mobility and integration
  • VLCP dimming control
  • Non-line-of-sight VLCP
  • VLCP front-ends
  • VLCP multiplexing and multiple access
  • Optical camera communication
  • Underwater VLCP
  • VLCP in heterogeneous networks
  • VLCP in healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation
  • Cost-effective VLCP
  • Integrated visible light sensing and communication

Dr. Sihua Shao
Dr. Shuai Ma
Dr. Yanbing Yang
Dr. Chen Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • visible light communication
  • visible light positioning
  • joint visible light communication and positioning
  • visible light communication and positioning applications
  • integrated visible light sensing and communication

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 10176 KiB  
Article
Energy-Efficient Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Aided Visible Light Communication with an Angle Diversity Transmitter for Joint Emergency Illumination and Communication
by Qiang Huang, Wanli Wen, Min Liu, Pengfei Du and Chen Chen
Sensors 2023, 23(18), 7886; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187886 - 14 Sep 2023
Viewed by 627
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle-aided visible light communication (UAV-VLC) can be used to realize joint emergency illumination and communication, but the endurance of UAV is a key limiting factor. In order to overcome this limitation, this paper proposes the use of an angle diversity transmitter [...] Read more.
Unmanned aerial vehicle-aided visible light communication (UAV-VLC) can be used to realize joint emergency illumination and communication, but the endurance of UAV is a key limiting factor. In order to overcome this limitation, this paper proposes the use of an angle diversity transmitter (ADT) to enhance the energy efficiency of the UAV-VLC system. The ADT is designed with one bottom LED and several evenly distributed inclined side LEDs. By jointly optimizing the inclination angle of the side LEDs in the ADT and the height of the hovering UAV, the study aims to minimize the power consumption of the UAV-VLC system while satisfying the requirements of both illumination and communication. Simulation results show that the energy efficiency of the UAV-VLC system can be greatly enhanced by applying the optimized ADT. Moreover, the energy efficiency enhancement is much more significant when the LEDs in the ADT have a smaller divergence angle, or more side LEDs are configured in the ADT. More specifically, a 50.9% energy efficiency improvement can be achieved by using the optimized ADT in comparison to the conventional non-angle diversity transmitter (NADT). Full article
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12 pages, 888 KiB  
Article
Securing Smart Grid Enabled Home Area Networks with Retro-Reflective Visible Light Communication
by Mathew Salas, Sihua Shao, Adrian Salustri, Zachary Schroeck and Jun Zheng
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031245 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1752
Abstract
Smart appliances’ run schedule and electric vehicles charging can be managed over a smart grid enabled home area network (HAN) to reduce electricity demand at critical times and add more plug-in electric vehicles to the grid, which eventually lower customers’ energy bills and [...] Read more.
Smart appliances’ run schedule and electric vehicles charging can be managed over a smart grid enabled home area network (HAN) to reduce electricity demand at critical times and add more plug-in electric vehicles to the grid, which eventually lower customers’ energy bills and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Short range radio-based wireless communication technologies commonly adopted in a HAN are vulnerable to cyber attacks due to their wide interception range. In this work, a low-cost solution is proposed for securing the low-volume data exchange of sensitive tasks (e.g., key management and mutual authentication). Our approach utilizes the emerging concept of retro-reflector based visible light communication (Retro-VLC), where smart appliances, IoT sensors and other electric devices perform the sensitive data exchange with the HAN gateway via the secure Retro-VLC channel. To conduct the feasibility study, a multi-pixel Retro-VLC link is prototyped to enable quadrature amplitude modulation. The bit error rate of Retro-VLC is studied analytically, numerically and experimentally. A heterogeneous Retro-VLC + WLAN connection is implemented by socket programming. In addition, the working range, sniffing range, and key exchange latency are measured. The results validate the applicability of the Retro-VLC based solution. Full article
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15 pages, 5275 KiB  
Article
Transfer Learning Strategy in Neural Network Application for Underwater Visible Light Communication System
by Zengyi Xu, Jianyang Shi, Wenqing Niu, Guojin Qin, Ruizhe Jin, Zhixue He and Nan Chi
Sensors 2022, 22(24), 9969; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249969 - 17 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1458
Abstract
Post-equalization using neural network (NN) is a promising technique that models and offsets the nonlinear distortion in visible light communication (VLC) channels, which is recognized as an essential component in the incoming 6G era. NN post-equalizer is good at modeling complex channel effects [...] Read more.
Post-equalization using neural network (NN) is a promising technique that models and offsets the nonlinear distortion in visible light communication (VLC) channels, which is recognized as an essential component in the incoming 6G era. NN post-equalizer is good at modeling complex channel effects without previously knowing the law of physics during the transmission. However, the trained NN might be weak in generalization, and thus consumes considerable computation in retraining new models for different channel conditions. In this paper, we studied transfer learning strategy, growing DNN models from a well-trained ‘stem model’ instead of exhaustively training multiple models from randomly initialized states. It extracts the main feature of the channel first whose signal power balances the signal-to-noise ratio and the nonlinearity, and later focuses on the detailed difference in other channel conditions. Compared with the exhaustive training strategy, stem-originated DNN models achieve 64% of the working range with five times the training efficiency at most or more than 95% of the working range with 150% higher efficiency. This finding is beneficial to improving the feasibility of DNN application in real-world UVLC systems. Full article
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