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Optical Wireless Technologies for B5G
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Optical Wireless Technologies for B5G

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2023) | Viewed by 15354

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyunchae Chun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
Interests: LiFi; VLC; OWC for B5G, QKD, and PLS; advanced modulation schemes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sujan Rajbhandari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK
Interests: optical wireless communication; free-space optics; visible light communications; LiFi
Prof. Dr. Feng Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Interests: optical fiber communications; mode-division multiplexing; optical wireless communication; microwave photonics
Prof. Dr. Sung-Man Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
Interests: optical wireless communications; optical power transmission; visible light commuications
Prof. Dr. Joonyoung Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Smart Information and Communication Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Korea
Interests: photonic THz systems; fiber-wireless convergence network; photonic integration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the advent of the era of 5G, systems and networks have enabled an array of innovative applications including autonomous driving, immersive VR/AR, Gb/s class mobile broadband communications, and AI-based services.

However, because of the ever-increasing demand from the exploding number of heterogeneous devices and services, research on developing a new architecture with higher data-capacities, more device connection, and better reliable devices/systems/networks is actively taking place worldwide, in the name of B5G (beyond 5G).

Optical wireless technologies provide a promising platform for augmenting the existing framework, through its unlicensed optical spectrum, advanced devices and communication schemes, and eco-friend light spectrum. For THz carriers that have been conceived as the main spectrum for B5G radio-wave communications, optical-waves with similar propagation properties can be an excellent alternative with a significantly high bandwidth and low atmospheric loss, paving a new road to B5G.

Several key research challenges have emerged within the optical wireless technology domain, including (but not limited to) the following:

  • Photonics THz communications
  • High-speed optical wireless techniques for B5G
  • Reconfigurable optical wireless devices and systems
  • Machine-learning in optical wireless technologies
  • Green OWC/VLC/LiFi devices and systems
  • Optical wireless for V2X
  • Optical wireless devices, systems, and networks for IoT and Industry 4.0
  • Optical wireless energy/power transfer
  • OWC transmission for B5G mobile traffic
  • Resource allocation and software-defined optical wireless technologies
  • Smart illumination/dimming technologies
  • Machine-to-machine communications through optical channels
  • Physical layer security using VLC
  • Short-range/free-space quantum-key-distribution
  • Optical camera communications
  • Line-of-sight and non-line of sight optical wireless techniques
  • Optical wireless localization and positioning
  • Advanced optical multiplexing, modulation, and equalization techniques
  • Optical transmitters and receiver optimization for B5G
  • Underwater and terrestrial optical wireless technologies
  • Medical applications of optical wireless communications and techniques
  • Packetized Ethernet front-haul for B5G
  • Standardization of OWC/VLC/LiFi
  • Co-existence/co-operation/hybrid optical- and RF-wave systems

Full length original technical articles with novel contributions within the optical wireless technology domain without restriction are being solicited. Tutorial and survey papers are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Hyunchae Chun
Dr. Sujan Rajbhandari
Prof. Dr. Feng Feng
Prof. Dr. Sung-Man Kim
Prof. Dr. Joonyoung Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • B5G
  • Visible Light Communications (VLC)
  • LiFi
  • Optical wireless communications (OWC)
  • Internet of Light (IoT)
  • Vehicle-to-everything (V2X)
  • Optical camera communications (OCC)

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 16905 KiB  
Article
Model and Methodology to Characterize Phosphor-Based White LED Visible Light Communication Links
by Pau Salvador, Vicenç Almenar, Juan Luis Corral, Javier Valls and Maria Jose Canet
Sensors 2023, 23(10), 4637; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104637 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1098
Abstract
LED lighting has become the standard solution for illumination purposes thanks to its energy efficiency. Nowadays, there is growing interest in the use of LEDs for data transmission to develop future-generation communication systems. The low cost and widespread deployment of phosphor-based white LEDs [...] Read more.
LED lighting has become the standard solution for illumination purposes thanks to its energy efficiency. Nowadays, there is growing interest in the use of LEDs for data transmission to develop future-generation communication systems. The low cost and widespread deployment of phosphor-based white LEDs make them the best candidate for visible light communications (VLC), although they have a limited modulation bandwidth. This paper presents a simulation model of a VLC link based on phosphor-based white LEDs and a method to characterize the VLC setup used to perform the data transmission experiments. Specifically, the simulation model incorporates the frequency response of the LED, the noise levels coming from the lighting source and the acquisition electronics, and the attenuation due to both the propagation channel and the angular misalignment between the lighting source and the photoreceiver. In order to validate the suitability of the model for VLC, carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation signals were employed for data transmission, and simulations with the proposed model and measurements over the equivalent scenario show high agreement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Technologies for B5G)
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16 pages, 2622 KiB  
Article
Channel Characteristics and Link Adaption for Visible Light Communication in an Industrial Scenario
by Yu Tong, Pan Tang, Jianhua Zhang, Shuo Liu, Yue Yin, Baoling Liu and Liang Xia
Sensors 2023, 23(7), 3442; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073442 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1681
Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) is one of the key technologies for the sixth generation (6G) to support the connection and throughput of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Furthermore, VLC channel modeling is the foundation for designing efficient and robust VLC systems. In [...] Read more.
Visible light communication (VLC) is one of the key technologies for the sixth generation (6G) to support the connection and throughput of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Furthermore, VLC channel modeling is the foundation for designing efficient and robust VLC systems. In this paper, the ray-tracing simulation method is adopted to investigate the VLC channel in IIoT scenarios. The main contributions of this paper are divided into three aspects. Firstly, based on the simulated data, large-scale fading and multipath-related characteristics, including the channel impulse response (CIR), optical path loss (OPL), delay spread (DS), and angular spread (AS), are analyzed and modeled through the distance-dependent and statistical distribution models. The modeling results indicate that the channel characteristics under the single transmitter (TX) are proportional to the propagation distance. It is also found that the degree of time domain and spatial domain dispersion is higher than that in the typical rooms (conference room and corridor). Secondly, the density of surrounding objects and the effects of user heights on these channel characteristics are also investigated. Through the analysis, it can be observed that the denser objects can contribute to the smaller OPL and the larger RMS DS under the single TX case. Furthermore, due to the blocking effect of surrounding objects, the larger OPL and the smaller RMS DS can be observed at the receiver with a low height. Thirdly, due to the distance dependence of the channel characteristics and large time-domain dispersion, the link adaption method is further proposed to optimize the multipath interference problem. This method combines a luminary adaptive selection and delay adaption technique. Then, the performance of the link adaption method is verified from four aspects through simulation, including the signal-to-noise (SNR), the RMS DS, the CIRs, and the bit-error rate (BER) of a direct-current-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) system. The verification results indicate that our proposed method has a significant optimization for multipath interference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Technologies for B5G)
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29 pages, 3119 KiB  
Article
A New COVID-19 Detection Method Based on CSK/QAM Visible Light Communication and Machine Learning
by Ismael Soto, Raul Zamorano-Illanes, Raimundo Becerra, Pablo Palacios Játiva, Cesar A. Azurdia-Meza, Wilson Alavia, Verónica García, Muhammad Ijaz and David Zabala-Blanco
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031533 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2192
Abstract
This article proposes a novel method for detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an underground channel using visible light communication (VLC) and machine learning (ML). We present mathematical models of COVID-19 Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) gene transfer in regular square constellations using a [...] Read more.
This article proposes a novel method for detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an underground channel using visible light communication (VLC) and machine learning (ML). We present mathematical models of COVID-19 Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) gene transfer in regular square constellations using a CSK/QAM-based VLC system. ML algorithms are used to classify the bands present in each electrophoresis sample according to whether the band corresponds to a positive, negative, or ladder sample during the search for the optimal model. Complexity studies reveal that the square constellation N=22i×22i,(i=3) yields a greater profit. Performance studies indicate that, for BER = 10−3, there are gains of −10 [dB], −3 [dB], 3 [dB], and 5 [dB] for N=22i×22i,(i=0,1,2,3), respectively. Based on a total of 630 COVID-19 samples, the best model is shown to be XGBoots, which demonstrated an accuracy of 96.03%, greater than that of the other models, and a recall of 99% for positive values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Technologies for B5G)
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17 pages, 3563 KiB  
Article
Ambient LED Light Noise Reduction Using Adaptive Differential Equalization in Li-Fi Wireless Link
by Yong-Yuk Won, Sang Min Yoon and Dongsun Seo
Sensors 2021, 21(4), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041060 - 04 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3012
Abstract
For Li-Fi wireless links based on a white light emitting diode, an adaptive differential equalization (ADE) technique that reduces various noises such as interference noise and shot one generated from ambient light sources is pro-posed. The ADE technique reduces noise by taking advantage [...] Read more.
For Li-Fi wireless links based on a white light emitting diode, an adaptive differential equalization (ADE) technique that reduces various noises such as interference noise and shot one generated from ambient light sources is pro-posed. The ADE technique reduces noise by taking advantage of the fact that the derivative between adjacent sampling points of signal with digital waveform is very different from that of noise with the random analog waveform. Furthermore, a weighting function that reflects the Poisson characteristics of shot noise is applied to the ADE technique in order to maximize the reduction efficiency of ambient noise. The signal-to-noise ratio of input non-return-to-zero-on–off keying (NRZ-OOK) signal is improved by 7.5 dB at the first-generation forward error correction (FEC) threshold (the bit error rate (BER) of 8 × 10−5) using the optical wireless experimental link. In addition, it is confirmed that it is possible to maintain the transmission performance corresponding to the BER of 1 × 10−5 by using the proposed ADE technique, even when the intensity of the ambient light source increases by 6 dB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Technologies for B5G)
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Review

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28 pages, 16551 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Survey on MIMO Visible Light Communication: Current Research, Machine Learning and Future Trends
by Mohammad Abrar Shakil Sejan, Md Habibur Rahman, Md Abdul Aziz, Dong-Sun Kim, Young-Hwan You and Hyoung-Kyu Song
Sensors 2023, 23(2), 739; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020739 - 09 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5861
Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) has contributed new unused spectrum in addition to the traditional radio frequency communication and can play a significant role in wireless communication. The adaptation of VLC technology enhances wireless connectivity both in indoor and outdoor environments. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) [...] Read more.
Visible light communication (VLC) has contributed new unused spectrum in addition to the traditional radio frequency communication and can play a significant role in wireless communication. The adaptation of VLC technology enhances wireless connectivity both in indoor and outdoor environments. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication has been an efficient technique for increasing wireless communications system capacity and performance. With the advantages of MIMO techniques, VLC can achieve an additional degree of freedom. In this paper, we systematically perform a survey of the existing work based on MIMO VLC. We categorize the types of different MIMO techniques, and a brief description is given. Different problem-solving approaches are given in the subsequent sections. In addition, machine learning approaches are also discussed in sufficient detail. Finally, we identify the future study direction for MIMO-based communication in VLC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Technologies for B5G)
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