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Optical Technologies for Medical Diagnostics
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Optical Technologies for Medical Diagnostics

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 8223

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Shlomi Arnon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O Box 653, Beer-Sheva IL-84105, Israel
Interests: wireless and satellite communication; optical wireless communication; free space optics; quantum key distribution system; optical technologies for environmental monitoring; quantum technology for medical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Medical diagnostics is a critical element of effective medical treatment. Optical technology could be used to analysis and monitor biological analytes, such as biomolecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid), biological cells (e.g., virus, cells, and bacteria), skin characteristics, and in imaging of organs or for biopsies using scattering, absorption reflection, or fluorescent light. Diffuse optical tomography is a complex method for deep imaging of tissues. In this method, information in the spatial and temporal domains of scattered photons is used to noninvasively image by massive computation. It can be stated that optical technology offers the possibility of diagnostic tools that are nonhazardous for medical applications with increased sensitivity, specificity, and reliability.

Prof. Dr. Shlomi Arnon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • scatter absorption
  • reflection
  • florescence light
  • biological analytes
  • virus
  • diffuse optical tomography

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4914 KiB  
Article
Pulse Oximetry Imaging System Using Spatially Uniform Dual Wavelength Illumination
by Riaz Muhammad, Kay Thwe Htun, Ezekiel Edward Nettey-Oppong, Ahmed Ali, Dae Keun Jeon, Hyun-Woo Jeong, Kyung Min Byun and Seung Ho Choi
Sensors 2023, 23(7), 3723; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073723 - 04 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for measuring blood oxygen saturation. However, its detection scheme heavily relies on single-point measurements. If the oxygen saturation is measured at a single location, the measurements are influenced by the profile of illumination, spatial variations in blood [...] Read more.
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for measuring blood oxygen saturation. However, its detection scheme heavily relies on single-point measurements. If the oxygen saturation is measured at a single location, the measurements are influenced by the profile of illumination, spatial variations in blood flow, and skin pigment. To overcome these issues, imaging systems that measure the distribution of oxygen saturation have been demonstrated. However, previous imaging systems have relied on red and near-infrared illuminations with different profiles, resulting in inconsistent ratios between transmitted red and near-infrared light over space. Such inconsistent ratios can introduce fundamental errors when calculating the spatial distribution of oxygen saturation. In this study, we developed a novel illumination system specifically designed for a pulse oximetry imaging system. For the illumination system, we customized the integrating sphere by coating a mixture of barium sulfate and white paint inside it and by coupling eight red and eight near-infrared LEDs. The illumination system created identical patterns of red and near-infrared illuminations that were spatially uniform. This allowed the ratio between transmitted red and near-infrared light to be consistent over space, enabling the calculation of the spatial distribution of oxygen saturation. We believe our developed pulse oximetry imaging system can be used to obtain spatial information on blood oxygen saturation that provides insight into the oxygenation of the blood contained within the peripheral region of the tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Technologies for Medical Diagnostics)
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15 pages, 25978 KiB  
Article
Comparison of High-Speed Polarization Imaging Methods for Biological Tissues
by Xianyu Wu, Mark Pankow, Taka Onuma, Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang and Kara Peters
Sensors 2022, 22(20), 8000; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22208000 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1206
Abstract
We applied a polarization filter array and high-speed camera to the imaging of biological tissues during large, dynamic deformations at 7000 frames per second. The results are compared to previous measurements of similar specimens using a rotating polarizer imaging system. The polarization filter [...] Read more.
We applied a polarization filter array and high-speed camera to the imaging of biological tissues during large, dynamic deformations at 7000 frames per second. The results are compared to previous measurements of similar specimens using a rotating polarizer imaging system. The polarization filter eliminates motion blur and temporal bias from the reconstructed collagen fiber alignment angle and retardation images. The polarization imaging configuration dose pose additional challenges due to the need for calibration of the polarization filter array for a given sample in the same lighting conditions as during the measurement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Technologies for Medical Diagnostics)
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12 pages, 3451 KiB  
Article
Optical Monitoring of Breathing Patterns and Tissue Oxygenation: A Potential Application in COVID-19 Screening and Monitoring
by Aaron James Mah, Thien Nguyen, Leili Ghazi Zadeh, Atrina Shadgan, Kosar Khaksari, Mehdi Nourizadeh, Ali Zaidi, Soongho Park, Amir H. Gandjbakhche and Babak Shadgan
Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7274; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2024
Abstract
The worldwide outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for a screening and monitoring system for infectious respiratory diseases in the acute and chronic phase. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using a wearable near-infrared [...] Read more.
The worldwide outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for a screening and monitoring system for infectious respiratory diseases in the acute and chronic phase. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor to collect respiratory signals and distinguish between normal and simulated pathological breathing. Twenty-one healthy adults participated in an experiment that examined five separate breathing conditions. Respiratory signals were collected with a continuous-wave NIRS sensor (PortaLite, Artinis Medical Systems) affixed over the sternal manubrium. Following a three-minute baseline, participants began five minutes of imposed difficult breathing using a respiratory trainer. After a five minute recovery period, participants began five minutes of imposed rapid and shallow breathing. The study concluded with five additional minutes of regular breathing. NIRS signals were analyzed using a machine learning model to distinguish between normal and simulated pathological breathing. Three features: breathing interval, breathing depth, and O2Hb signal amplitude were extracted from the NIRS data and, when used together, resulted in a weighted average accuracy of 0.87. This study demonstrated that a wearable NIRS sensor can monitor respiratory patterns continuously and non-invasively and we identified three respiratory features that can distinguish between normal and simulated pathological breathing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Technologies for Medical Diagnostics)
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Review

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32 pages, 5228 KiB  
Review
Two-Photon Imaging for Non-Invasive Corneal Examination
by Ana Batista, Pedro Guimarães, José Paulo Domingues, Maria João Quadrado and António Miguel Morgado
Sensors 2022, 22(24), 9699; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249699 - 11 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
Two-photon imaging (TPI) microscopy, namely, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) modalities, has emerged in the past years as a powerful tool for the examination of biological tissues. These modalities rely on different contrast mechanisms and are [...] Read more.
Two-photon imaging (TPI) microscopy, namely, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) modalities, has emerged in the past years as a powerful tool for the examination of biological tissues. These modalities rely on different contrast mechanisms and are often used simultaneously to provide complementary information on morphology, metabolism, and structural properties of the imaged tissue. The cornea, being a transparent tissue, rich in collagen and with several cellular layers, is well-suited to be imaged by TPI microscopy. In this review, we discuss the physical principles behind TPI as well as its instrumentation. We also provide an overview of the current advances in TPI instrumentation and image analysis. We describe how TPI can be leveraged to retrieve unique information on the cornea and to complement the information provided by current clinical devices. The present state of corneal TPI is outlined. Finally, we discuss the obstacles that must be overcome and offer perspectives and outlooks to make clinical TPI of the human cornea a reality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Technologies for Medical Diagnostics)
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