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Smart Sensing in Structural Health Monitoring of Advanced Composite Structures

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2024) | Viewed by 2993

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
Interests: computational mechanics; composite and sandwich structures; plate theories; structural health monitoring; shape sensing; fiber optic sensing; peridynamics; topology optimization; additive manufacturing

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Guest Editor
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, via La Masa 1, 20156, Milan, Italy
Interests: digital-twin; development and application of statistical and numerical methods for the solution of inverse problems in the context of structural anomaly and structural load identification; inverse FEM; physics-informed machine learning; Bayesian inference and Monte-Carlo methods for model updating; damage prognosis of composite structures; sensor network optimization; active and passive impact monitoring; implementation of multifunctional composite materials with self-sensing and self-heating functions
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today composite structural components are often used in many engineering vehicles ranging from aerospace to automobile structures. With the rapid technological advancements in the field of sensors and smart sensing, structural health monitoring (SHM) systems become ever so important to better understand the real-time mechanical behavior of engineering components made of composite materials.  In this context, the development of new sensor-data-based algorithms for in-service monitoring/assessment has been the subject of intellectual pursuit by both the industrial and academic communities for the last decade. Specifically, among the recent technological advances, shape sensing (deformation reconstruction from sensor network) and digital models are put into practice to enhance integrated real-time monitoring systems as well as the performance and safety of the whole.

This Special Issue will report recent advances in key topics of emerging computational techniques for shape sensing and SHM of composite materials/structures. It will unite diverse research outcomes in numerical simulations and experimental implementations of new smart sensing methods for in situ full-field monitoring of deformations, strains, and stresses encountered within composites under operational conditions. Moreover, it will include damage diagnosis and prognosis methods based on the outcomes of the full-field data processing for crack detection/propagation, fatigue performance evaluation, modal model reconstruction, etc. Applications of these state-of-the-art methods can include smart sensing and in situ damage detection of laminated composites, sandwich structures, and hybrid composites using fiber optic sensors, resistive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, etc.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

- Numerical models for smart sensing and SHM of composites;

- Real-time shape and stress sensing of sandwich structures;

- Experimental investigation of deformation reconstruction algorithms;

- Theoretical/experimental developments in inverse finite element method (iFEM);

- Damage diagnosis and prognosis methods based on full-field data;

- Crack/damage/delamination localization in composites;

- Vibration/modal model reconstruction of composites based on discrete strains;

- New sensor placement models using optimization techniques;

- Structural digital twin for smart sensing of deformation/stress/damage.

We invite eager researchers and renowned experts to submit original research/review articles that describe modern computer methods, numerical algorithms, and experimental findings for smart sensing of advanced composites and further stimulate innovations in the relevant areas.

Dr. Adnan Kefal
Dr. Claudio Sbarufatti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • shape sensing
  • inverse methods
  • structural health monitoring
  • structural digital twin
  • sensor technologies
  • composite materials
  • sandwich structures

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 9082 KiB  
Article
A Two-Dimensional Eight-Node Quadrilateral Inverse Element for Shape Sensing and Structural Health Monitoring
by Mingyang Li, Erkan Oterkus and Selda Oterkus
Sensors 2023, 23(24), 9809; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249809 - 14 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 645
Abstract
The inverse finite element method (iFEM) is a powerful tool for shape sensing and structural health monitoring and has several advantages with respect to some other existing approaches. In this study, a two-dimensional eight-node quadrilateral inverse finite element formulation is presented. The element [...] Read more.
The inverse finite element method (iFEM) is a powerful tool for shape sensing and structural health monitoring and has several advantages with respect to some other existing approaches. In this study, a two-dimensional eight-node quadrilateral inverse finite element formulation is presented. The element is suitable for thin structures under in-plane loading conditions. To validate the accuracy and demonstrate the capability of the inverse element, four different numerical cases are considered for different loading and boundary conditions. iFEM analysis results are compared with regular finite element analysis results as the reference solution and very good agreement is observed between the two solutions, demonstrating the capability of the iFEM approach. Full article
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23 pages, 7486 KiB  
Article
Delamination Detection and Localization in Vibrating Composite Plates and Shells Using the Inverse Finite Element Method
by Faraz Ganjdoust, Adnan Kefal and Alexander Tessler
Sensors 2023, 23(18), 7926; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187926 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 796
Abstract
Delamination damage is one of the most critical damage modes of composite materials. It takes place through the thickness of the laminated composites and does not show subtle surface effects. In the present study, a delamination detection approach based on equivalent von Mises [...] Read more.
Delamination damage is one of the most critical damage modes of composite materials. It takes place through the thickness of the laminated composites and does not show subtle surface effects. In the present study, a delamination detection approach based on equivalent von Mises strains is demonstrated for vibrating laminated (i.e., unidirectional fabric) composite plates. In this context, the governing relations of the inverse finite element method were recast according to the refined zigzag theory. Using the in situ strain measurements obtained from the surface and through the thickness of the composite shell, the inverse analysis was performed, and the strain field of the composite shell was reconstructed. The implementation of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for two numerical case studies associated with the harmonic and random vibrations of composite shells. The findings of this study show that the present damage detection method is capable of real-time monitoring of damage and providing information about the exact location, shape, and extent of the delamination damage in the vibrating composite plate. Finally, the robustness of the proposed method in response to resonance and extreme load variations is shown. Full article
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24 pages, 6678 KiB  
Article
Acoustic Emission-Based Analysis of Damage Mechanisms in Filament Wound Fiber Reinforced Composite Tubes
by Parsa Ghahremani, Mehdi Ahmadi Najafabadi, Sajad Alimirzaei and Mohammad Fotouhi
Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6994; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156994 - 07 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1165
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of thin-walled glass/epoxy filament wound tubes under quasi-static lateral loads. The novelty is that the tubes are reinforced in critical areas using strip composite patches to provide a topology-optimized tube, and their damage mechanisms [...] Read more.
This study investigates the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of thin-walled glass/epoxy filament wound tubes under quasi-static lateral loads. The novelty is that the tubes are reinforced in critical areas using strip composite patches to provide a topology-optimized tube, and their damage mechanisms and mechanical performance are compared to that of un-reinforced (reference) tubes. To detect the types of damage mechanisms and their progression, the Acoustic Emission (AE) method is employed, accompanied by data clustering analysis. The loading conditions are simulated using the finite element method, and the results are validated through experimental testing. The findings confirm that the inclusion of reinforcing patches improves the stress distribution, leading to enhanced load carrying capacity, stiffness, and energy absorption. Compared to the reference tubes, the reinforced tubes exhibit a remarkable increase of 23.25% in the load carrying capacity, 33.46% in the tube’s stiffness, and 23.67% in energy absorption. The analysis of the AE results reveals that both the reference and reinforced tubes experience damage mechanisms such as matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, delamination, and fiber fracture. However, after matrix cracking, delamination becomes dominant in the reinforced tubes, while fiber failure prevails in the reference tubes. Moreover, by combining the AE energy and mechanical energy using the Sentry function, it is observed that the reinforced tubes exhibit a lower rate of damage propagation, indicating superior resistance to damage propagation compared to the reference tubes. Full article
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