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Developments in Antenna Technologies for Sensors and Sensing Applications

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 21619

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Prof. Dr. Junho Yeo

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School of Artificial Intelligence, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
Interests: antenna; chipless RFID; microwave sensor; sensor antenna
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antennas are crucial components of any wireless communication system as the transducers coupling between signals on a transmission line and an electromagnetic wave in free space. In addition, antenna technologies have been widely used for various sensor and sensing applications. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the adaptation of the antenna technologies for sensor and sensing applications has become more important. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the latest developments in antenna technologies for sensor and sensing applications. All researchers in the field are invited to contribute their original and unpublished works. Both research and review papers are welcome.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

Antenna-based microwave sensors;
Antenna technologies for chipped and chipless RFID sensor tags or systems;
Antenna technologies for wireless sensor networks and IoT;
Antenna technologies for wearable and implantable sensors;
Antenna technologies for powering passive wireless sensors through energy harvesting and wirelss power transfer;
Antenna technologies for RADAR sensors;
Sensor antennas.

Prof. Dr. Junho Yeo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Antennas
Microwave sensors
RFID
IoT
RADAR sensors
Wearable sensors
Implantabel sensors
Wireless power transfer

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 4089 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Lens Antenna with Reconfigurable Beams for mmWave Wind Profile Radar

by Yafei Ding, Ziwen Zou, Yong Luo and Guangli Yang

Sensors 2022, 22(9), 3148; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093148 - 20 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2435

Abstract

Wind profile radar systems require antennas with multiple radiation beams for detecting wind velocity, as well as with a low sidelobe and dual polarization for enhancing the sensitivity for the weak signal reflected from the turbulence. This paper proposes a lens antenna operating at 24 GHz with four reconfigurable beams for wind profile radars. This lens antenna includes 2 × 2 corrugated horn antennas for radiating 24 GHz waves in two polarizations, and the dielectric lens for modulating four radiation beams with a high gain and low sidelobe. Experiments demonstrate that this lens antenna can realize reconfigurable beams with deflections of ±15° in dual polarizations, meanwhile with the gain of 30.58 dBi and the sidelobe of −20 dB. This proposed lens antenna can be applied to mmWave wind profile radars of wind turbines for enhancing wind power efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Antenna Technologies for Sensors and Sensing Applications)

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17 pages, 743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Planar Circular Arrays with Quantized Amplitude Weights

by Zhiqiu He and Gang Chen

Sensors 2021, 21(20), 6939; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206939 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1574

Abstract

A new stepwise and radially processed method for synthesizing uniformly distributed circular planar arrays with quantized weights is proposed in this paper. This method is based on a generalized analytical equation describing that for high directivity focusing arrays, minimizing the weighted mean square error between the reference pattern and the synthesized pattern is equivalent to minimizing the mean square error between the radial cumulative distributions of the reference distribution and the synthesized distribution. This principle has been successfully performed for designing large concentric ring arrays, and in this paper, we extend its use for synthesizing uniformly distributed planar circular arrays with quantized weights. Various numerical examples and comparisons with several reported statistical methods in terms of the lowest Maximum SideLobe Level (MSLL) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Antenna Technologies for Sensors and Sensing Applications)

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18 pages, 70342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Humidity-Sensing Chipless RFID Tag with Enhanced Sensitivity Using an Interdigital Capacitor Structure

by Junho Yeo, Jong-Ig Lee and Younghwan Kwon

Sensors 2021, 21(19), 6550; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196550 - 30 Sep 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2659

Abstract

An eight-bit chipless radio frequency identification tag providing humidity sensing and identification information is proposed. A compact, enhanced-sensitivity resonator based on an interdigital capacitor (IDC) structure is designed for humidity sensing, whereas seven electric-field-coupled inductor capacitor (ELC) resonators are used for identification information. These eight resonators are placed in a two-by-four array arrangement. A step-by-step investigation for the effect of varying the number of elements and array configuration on the resonant frequency and radar cross-section (RCS) magnitude of the IDC resonator is conducted. The RCS value of the resonant peak frequency for the IDC resonator increases as the number of array elements placed nearby increases due to the mutual coupling among the elements, and the increase in the RCS value becomes larger as the number of arrays increases in the vertical direction. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is coated on the IDC-based resonator at a thickness of 0.02 mm. A non-reflective temperature and humidity chamber is fabricated using Styrofoam, and the relative humidity (RH) is varied from 50% to 80% in 10% intervals at 25 °C in order to measure a bistatic RCS of the proposed tag. The humidity sensing performance of the IDC resonator in the proposed tag is measured by the shift in the resonant peak frequency and the RCS value, and is compared with a single ELC resonator. Experiment results show that when RH increased from 50% to 80%, the sensitivities of both the resonant peak frequency and the RCS value of the IDC resonator were better than those of the ELC resonator. The variation in the RCS value is much larger compared to the resonant peak frequency for both IDC and ELC resonators. In addition, the resonant peak frequency and RCS value of the PVA-coated IDC-based resonator change, whereas those of the other seven resonators without a PVA coating do not change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Antenna Technologies for Sensors and Sensing Applications)

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13 pages, 42352 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Simple Printed Cross-Dipole Antenna with Modified Feeding Structure and Dual-Layer Printed Reflector for Direction Finding Systems

by Kyei Anim, Bonghyuk Park, Hui Dong Lee, Seunghyun Jang, Sunwoo Kong and Young-Bae Jung

Sensors 2021, 21(17), 5966; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175966 - 06 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6122

Abstract

In this paper, a simple printed cross-dipole (PCD) antenna to achieve a right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) at the L/S-band for direction finding (DF) systems is presented. The radiating part of the antenna consists of two printed dipoles that interlock with each other and are mounted orthogonally on a dual-layer printed reflector. To connect the feedlines of the dipole elements to the antenna’s feed network, which is located on the backside of the reflector, a through-hole signal via (THSV) is employed as the signal interconnection instead of the mainstream approach of using coaxial bead conductor. This feeding technique provides a degree of freedom to control the impedance of the signal path between the feedlines and the feed network in the numerical simulation for improved matching conditions. The proposed THSV extending through the dual-layer printed reflector is more reliable, durable, and mechanically robust to stabilize the matching conditions of the fabricated antenna in contrast to the coaxial-based approach that is more susceptible to impedance mismatch due to solder fatigue. Thus, the proposed PCD antenna offers advantages of broadband, flexible impedance matching, and fabrication ease. The antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 59% (1.59–2.93 GHz), a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 57% (1.5–2.7 GHz), and a peak of 7.5 dB within the operating frequency band. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Antenna Technologies for Sensors and Sensing Applications)

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18 pages, 6943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of a High-Sensitivity Microstrip Patch Sensor Antenna Loaded with a Defected Ground Structure Based on a Complementary Split Ring Resonator

by Junho Yeo and Jong-Ig Lee

Sensors 2020, 20(24), 7064; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247064 - 10 Dec 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2917

Abstract

A comparative study to determine the most highly sensitive resonant frequency among the first four resonant frequencies of a conventional patch antenna and defected ground structure (DGS)-loaded patch antennas using commonly used DGS geometries in the literature, such as a rectangular slit, single-ring complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) with different split positions, and double-ring CSRRs (DR-CSRRs) with different locations below the patch, for relative permittivity measurement of planar materials was conducted. The sensitivity performance for placing the DGS on two different locations, a center and a radiating edge of the patch, was also compared. Finally, the effect of scaling down the patch size of the DGS-loaded patch antenna was investigated in order to enhance the sensitivities of the higher order resonant frequencies. It was found that the second resonant frequency of the DR-CSRR DGS-loaded patch antenna aligned on a radiating edge with a half scaled-down patch size shows the highest sensitivity when varying the relative permittivity of the material under test from 1 to 10. In order to validate the simulated performance of the proposed antenna, the conventional and the proposed patch antennas were fabricated on 0.76-mm-thick RF-35 substrate, and they were used to measure their sensitivity when several standard dielectric substrate samples with dielectric constants ranging from 2.17 to 10.2 were loaded. The measured sensitivity of the second resonant frequency for the proposed DGS-loaded patch antenna was 4.91 to 7.72 times higher than the first resonant frequency of the conventional patch antenna, and the measured performance is also slightly better compared to the patch antenna loaded with a meander-line slot on the patch. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Antenna Technologies for Sensors and Sensing Applications)

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21 pages, 12893 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Dual-Polarized Multi-Channel 24 GHz Radar Sensor Antenna for High Channel-to-Channel Isolation

by Young-Jun Kim, Gunhark Noh, Han Lim Lee and Sungwook Yu

Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5233; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185233 - 14 Sep 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3906

Abstract

This article presents a dual-polarized, high gain multi-beam and high T/Rx channel-to-channel isolation antenna module for 24 GHz sensor applications. The proposed antenna is configured to support 2-Tx and 2-Rx channels with a pair of vertically polarized (VP) radiation pattern and a pair of horizontally polarized (HP) radiation pattern. Further, each linearly polarized T/Rx antenna is configured by 2 × 4 array with a multi-layer integrated feed network, resulting in four sets of 2 × 4 array antennas fabricated within a single printed circuit board (PCB). Since multiple RF channels must be ensured with minimal interference, high antenna-to-antenna, including Tx-to-Tx, Rx-to-Rx, and Tx-to-Rx port isolations in the proposed antenna are achieved by multi-layered feed network and four sets of T-shaped magnetic walls. To verify the performance of the proposed structure, a 2-Tx and 2-Rx antenna module was fabricated at 24 GHz. The fabricated antenna showed a measured maximum 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 3.9% with a maximum measured gain of 11.7 dBi, considering both Tx and Rx. Further, the measured channel-to-channel isolations were always better than 35.6 dB at 24 GHz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Antenna Technologies for Sensors and Sensing Applications)

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