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Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2024 | Viewed by 11697

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tian-Bing Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director of Smart Materials & Intelligent Systems (SMIS) Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
Interests: piezoelectric material and devices; smart systems; sensor and actuators; acoustic transducers; renewable energy; ocean wave energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is one of the most practical methods to harvester vibration and motion energy to enable to make renewable and reliable local power sources fpr sensor networks, smart cities, internet of things, etc. In the last two decades, great efforts were taken on addressing cantilever beam based piezoelectric energy harvesters in thousands of journal papers. However, these papers only opened to door to understand piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies. Piezoelectric energy harvesting is an interdisciplinary topic of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, materials sciences, and physics.  Many issues are remaining to be addressed in more details. This special issue will include but not limited to:

  1. Piezoelectric materials and structures for energy harvesting
  2. Dynamic energy transportations from vibration and motion sources to piezoelectric deformation energy
  3. Energy conversation from piezoelectric deformation energy to electrical energy
  4. Electrical Energy transportations from piezoelectric structures to batteries and super-capacitors
  5. Piezoelectric energy harvesting circuits
  6. New piezoelectric energy harvesting device concepts
  7. Piezoelectric harvester fabrications
  8. Piezoelectric energy harvesting device characterizations and demonstrations.
  9. Piezoelectric energy harvester applications
  10. Electrical power delivery from piezoelectric devices to resistive loads
  11. Piezoelectric energy harvesters for vibration reductions

Dr. Tian-Bing Xu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4414 KiB  
Article
Pressure-Driven Piezoelectric Sensors and Energy Harvesting in Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate Film
by Romana Stepancikova, Robert Olejnik, Jiri Matyas, Milan Masar, Berenika Hausnerova and Petr Slobodian
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041275 - 17 Feb 2024
Viewed by 654
Abstract
This study reports the possibility of using biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) plastic packaging to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electricity is generated due to the piezoelectricity of BOPET. Electricity generation depends on the mechanical deformation of the processing aids (inorganic crystals), [...] Read more.
This study reports the possibility of using biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) plastic packaging to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electricity is generated due to the piezoelectricity of BOPET. Electricity generation depends on the mechanical deformation of the processing aids (inorganic crystals), which were found and identified by SEM and EDAX analyses as SiO2. BOPET, as an electron source, was assembled and tested as an energy conversion and self-powered mechanical stimuli sensor using potential applications in wearable electronics. When a pressure pulse after pendulum impact with a maximum stress of 926 kPa and an impact velocity of 2.1 m/s was applied, a voltage of 60 V was generated with short-circuit current and charge densities of 15 μAcm−2 and 138 nCm−2, respectively. Due to the orientation and stress-induced crystallization of polymer chains, BOPET films acquire very good mechanical properties, which are not lost during their primary usage as packaging materials and are beneficial for the durability of the sensors. The signals detected using BOPET sensors derived from pendulum impact and sieve analyses were also harvested for up to 80 cycles and up to 40 s with short-circuit voltages of 107 V and 95 V, respectively. In addition to their low price, the advantage of sensors made from BOPET plastic packaging waste lies in their chemical resistance and stability under exposure to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and moisture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System)
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21 pages, 23525 KiB  
Article
Energy Harvesting System Whose Potential Is Mapped with the Modified Fibonacci Function
by Jerzy Margielewicz, Damian Gąska, Grzegorz Litak, Jacek Caban, Agnieszka Dudziak, Xiaoqing Ma and Shengxi Zhou
Sensors 2023, 23(14), 6593; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146593 - 21 Jul 2023
Viewed by 684
Abstract
In this paper, we compare three energy harvesting systems in which we introduce additional bumpers whose mathematical model is mapped with a non-linear characteristic based on the hyperbolic sine Fibonacci function. For the analysis, we construct non-linear two-well, three-well and four-well systems with [...] Read more.
In this paper, we compare three energy harvesting systems in which we introduce additional bumpers whose mathematical model is mapped with a non-linear characteristic based on the hyperbolic sine Fibonacci function. For the analysis, we construct non-linear two-well, three-well and four-well systems with a cantilever beam and permanent magnets. In order to compare the effectiveness of the systems, we assume comparable distances between local minima of external wells and the maximum heights of potential barriers. Based on the derived dimensionless models of the systems, we perform simulations of non-linear dynamics in a wide spectrum of frequencies to search for chaotic and periodic motion zones of the systems. We present the issue of the occurrence of transient chaos in the analyzed systems. In the second part of this work, we determine and compare the effectiveness of the tested structures depending on the characteristics of the bumpers and an external excitation whose dynamics are described by the harmonic function, and find the best solutions from the point view of energy harvesting. The most effective impact of the use of bumpers can be observed when dealing with systems described by potential with deep external wells. In addition, the use of the Fibonacci hyperbolic sine is a simple and effective numerical tool for mapping non-linear properties of such motion limiters in energy harvesting systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System)
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20 pages, 33234 KiB  
Article
Double-Versus Triple-Potential Well Energy Harvesters: Dynamics and Power Output
by Jerzy Margielewicz, Damian Gąska, Jacek Caban, Grzegorz Litak, Agnieszka Dudziak, Xiaoqing Ma and Shengxi Zhou
Sensors 2023, 23(4), 2185; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042185 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1185
Abstract
The basic types of multi-stable energy harvesters are bistable energy harvesting systems (BEH) and tristable energy harvesting systems (TEH). The present investigations focus on the analysis of BEH and TEH systems, where the corresponding depth of the potential well and the width of [...] Read more.
The basic types of multi-stable energy harvesters are bistable energy harvesting systems (BEH) and tristable energy harvesting systems (TEH). The present investigations focus on the analysis of BEH and TEH systems, where the corresponding depth of the potential well and the width of their characteristics are the same. The efficiency of energy harvesting for TEH and BEH systems assuming similar potential parameters is provided. Providing such parameters allows for reliable formulation of conclusions about the efficiency in both types of systems. These energy harvesting systems are based on permanent magnets and a cantilever beam designed to obtain energy from vibrations. Starting from the bond graphs, we derived the nonlinear equations of motion. Then, we followed the bifurcations along the increasing frequency for both configurations. To identify the character of particular solutions, we estimated their corresponding phase portraits, Poincare sections, and Lyapunov exponents. The selected solutions are associated with their voltage output. The results in this numerical study clearly show that the bistable potential is more efficient for energy harvesting provided the corresponding excitation amplitude is large enough. However, the tristable potential could work better in the limits of low-level and low-frequency excitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System)
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Review

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28 pages, 10240 KiB  
Review
A Review of Piezoelectric Footwear Energy Harvesters: Principles, Methods, and Applications
by Bingqi Zhao, Feng Qian, Alexander Hatfield, Lei Zuo and Tian-Bing Xu
Sensors 2023, 23(13), 5841; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135841 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8557
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, numerous piezoelectric footwear energy harvesters (PFEHs) have been reported in the literature. This paper reviews the principles, methods, and applications of PFEH technologies. First, the popular piezoelectric materials used and their properties for PEEHs are summarized. Then, [...] Read more.
Over the last couple of decades, numerous piezoelectric footwear energy harvesters (PFEHs) have been reported in the literature. This paper reviews the principles, methods, and applications of PFEH technologies. First, the popular piezoelectric materials used and their properties for PEEHs are summarized. Then, the force interaction with the ground and dynamic energy distribution on the footprint as well as accelerations are analyzed and summarized to provide the baseline, constraints, potential, and limitations for PFEH design. Furthermore, the energy flow from human walking to the usable energy by the PFEHs and the methods to improve the energy conversion efficiency are presented. The energy flow is divided into four processing steps: (i) how to capture mechanical energy into a deformed footwear, (ii) how to transfer the elastic energy from a deformed shoes into piezoelectric material, (iii) how to convert elastic deformation energy of piezoelectric materials to electrical energy in the piezoelectric structure, and (iv) how to deliver the generated electric energy in piezoelectric structure to external resistive loads or electrical circuits. Moreover, the major PFEH structures and working mechanisms on how the PFEHs capture mechanical energy and convert to electrical energy from human walking are summarized. Those piezoelectric structures for capturing mechanical energy from human walking are also reviewed and classified into four categories: flat plate, curved, cantilever, and flextensional structures. The fundamentals of piezoelectric energy harvesters, the configurations and mechanisms of the PFEHs, as well as the generated power, etc., are discussed and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of typical PFEHs are addressed. The power outputs of PFEHs vary in ranging from nanowatts to tens of milliwatts. Finally, applications and future perspectives are summarized and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System)
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