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Remote Sensing
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Advanced Satellite-Terrestrial Networks
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Advanced Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 13064

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sooyoung Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Div. of Electronics Eng., Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
Interests: error correction coding theory; coded-MIMO; soft iterative detection; satellite communications; physical layer security transmissions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Giambene

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Interests: 5G satellite; network coding; TCP protocol; radio resource management; DVB-S2x air interface; MPTCP; IoT via satellite

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent development of Release 16 of 3GPP 5G NR includes satellite components as an essential part of the nonterrestrial network (NTN). Satellite systems can provide effective solutions for enhanced machine-type communications (eMTC) and narrow-band Internet of Thing (NB-IoT) services to many areas where a terrestrial service cannot be provided. When satellite systems provide 5G or beyond 5G-like services in cooperation with the existing terrestrial services, some of the technical specifications should be modified to reflect satellite specific characteristics, such as a long round trip delay. 

New challenges have to be faced toward the realization of future NTN, where we can consider high-throughput GEO satellite, mega LEO constellations, high-altitude platforms (HAPs), as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to be part of a multilayer architecture.

Further standardization work is continuing with 3GPP Release 17 to envisage 5G NR enhancements to allow NTN to support both NB-IoT and eMTC.

In such a scenario, many different types of applications will be supported by NTN, and novel techniques will be needed to optimize the system in terms of radio resource management, crosslayer air interface design, and new networking approaches, including internet-centric networking. This perspective will be revolutionized by the adoption of software-defined networks and network virtualization function paradigms that will accelerate the process of service creation also in the satellite scenario. Artificial intelligence and machine learning also promise to allow optimizations of the satellite component in different ways, thus enhancing its efficiency and performance.

This Special Issue aims at collecting new developments and methodologies, best practices, and applications of satellite-terrestrial networks for 5G and beyond. We welcome submissions which provide the community with the most recent advancements on all aspects of satellite-terrestrial networks, as detailed in the list of keywords below.

Prof. Dr. Sooyoung Kim
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Giambene
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Standardization issues and trends for satellite-terrestrial networks
  • Satellite systems as a non-terrestrial network (NTN) component of the IMT system
  • Satellite IoT
  • Mobile satellite services
  • Satellite network architecture including multiple layers (GEO/MEO/LEO/HAPs/UAVs)
  • Traffic engineering issues and joint radio resource management
  • Routing in the sky
  • QoS support 5G KPIs
  • Protocol integration
  • New technologies and methods to meet the 5G KPIs

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2203 KiB  
Article
Caching-Aware Intelligent Handover Strategy for LEO Satellite Networks
by Tao Leng, Yuanyuan Xu, Gaofeng Cui and Weidong Wang
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(11), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112230 - 07 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3132
Abstract
Recently, many Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are being implemented to provide seamless communication services for global users. Since the high mobility of LEO satellites, handover strategy has become one of the most important topics for LEO satellite systems. However, the limited [...] Read more.
Recently, many Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are being implemented to provide seamless communication services for global users. Since the high mobility of LEO satellites, handover strategy has become one of the most important topics for LEO satellite systems. However, the limited on-board caching resource of satellites make it difficult to guarantee the handover performance. In this paper, we propose a multiple attributes decision handover strategy jointly considering three factors, which are caching capacity, remaining service time and the remaining idle channels of the satellites. Furthermore, a caching-aware intelligent handover strategy is given based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to maximize the long-term benefits of the system. Compared with the traditional strategies, the proposed strategy reduces the handover failure rate by up to nearly 81% when the system caching occupancy reaches 90%, and it has a lower call blocking rate in high user arrival scenarios. Simulation results show that this strategy can effectively mitigate handover failure rate due to caching resource occupation, as well as flexibly allocate channel resources to reduce call blocking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Satellite-Terrestrial Networks)
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27 pages, 3079 KiB  
Article
An Approach to Improving GNSS Positioning Accuracy Using Several GNSS Devices
by María Jesús Jiménez-Martínez, Mercedes Farjas-Abadia and Nieves Quesada-Olmo
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(6), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061149 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3790
Abstract
Single point positioning (SPP) mode, related to pseudorange measurements, limits the level of accuracy to several meters in open sky and to several dozens of meters in urban canyons. This paper explores the effect of using a large number of SPP observations from [...] Read more.
Single point positioning (SPP) mode, related to pseudorange measurements, limits the level of accuracy to several meters in open sky and to several dozens of meters in urban canyons. This paper explores the effect of using a large number of SPP observations from low-cost global navigation system (GNSS) receivers, smartphones, and handheld GNSS units. Data segmentation and bootstrapping statistical methods were used to obtain the deviation, which can describe the accuracy of the large sample. The empirical test recording data showed that the error may achieve a sub-meter horizontal accuracy by the simple process of increasing the measurements of smartphones and handheld GNSS units. However, the drawback is the long period of time required. To reduce the satellite tracking time, a least squares solution network was applied over all the recorded data, assisted by the external geometric conditions. The final goal was to obtain the absolute positioning and associated deviations of one vertex from three or five GNSS receivers positioned on a network. The process was tested in three geodetic network examples. The results indicated that the enhanced SPP mode was able to improve its accuracy. Errors of several meters were reduced to values close to 50 cm in 25–37 min periods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Satellite-Terrestrial Networks)
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Review

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44 pages, 1086 KiB  
Review
A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth–Space Telecommunication Links—Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study
by Md Abdus Samad, Feyisa Debo Diba and Dong-You Choi
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(10), 1965; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101965 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5190
Abstract
Satellite communication is a promising transmission technique to implement 5G and beyond networks. Attenuation due to rain begins at a frequency of 10 GHz in temperate regions. However, some research indicates that such attenuation effects start from 5–7 GHz, especially in tropical regions. [...] Read more.
Satellite communication is a promising transmission technique to implement 5G and beyond networks. Attenuation due to rain begins at a frequency of 10 GHz in temperate regions. However, some research indicates that such attenuation effects start from 5–7 GHz, especially in tropical regions. Therefore, modeling rain attenuation is significant for propagating electromagnetic waves to achieve the required quality of service. In this survey, different slant link rain attenuation prediction models have been examined, classified, and analyzed, and various features like improvements, drawbacks, and particular aspects of these models have been tabulated. This survey provides various techniques for obtaining input data sets, including rain height, efficient trajectory length measurement techniques, and rainfall rate conversion procedures. No survey of the Earth–space link models for rain attenuation is available to the best of our knowledge. In this study, 23 rain attenuation models have been investigated. For easy readability and conciseness, the details of each model have not been included. The comparative analysis will assist in propagation modeling and planning the link budget of slant links. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Satellite-Terrestrial Networks)
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