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Processes
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Water Purification Technologies: Advanced Oxidation Processes
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Water Purification Technologies: Advanced Oxidation Processes

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2021) | Viewed by 8856

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuri Park

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Guest Editor
School of Engineering Science/Department of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (LUT), FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
Interests: sustainable water treatment technology; energy efficiency; photocatalysts; photoelectrode; mass spectrometry
Dr. Allison Mackie

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS B1P 6L2, Canada
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; reuse of industrial by-products; emerging organic contaminants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water treatment is an important pillar for sustainable development. Contaminated water is regarded as an imminent threat to the environment and it not only directly affects aquatic animals and marine life but also affects human health indirectly. With the pertinent question of environmental sustainability, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are still not mature, and needs to move further towards global environmental pollution and sustainability. This innovative treatment approach represents a step towards advancing water purification technology in order to reduce environmental risks as well as to promote good water management practices for water and wastewater treatment processes. Together with the advanced development in nanotechnology, ecofriendly and non-toxic natural strategies will be implemented as the new science and technology platform for water reuse. For this reason, it is the intent of this Special Issue to collect new knowledge which shows reliable, useful, and relevant information for efficient, economical, and sustainable water treatment strategies. Experiments at lab-scale, pilot scale, and industrial applications are welcome.

The obtained information will provide further evidence-based data that will facilitate discussion on the effective and efficient removal approaches and responsible action for the sustainable future.

Dr. Yuri Park
Dr. Allison Mackie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • (electrochemical)advanced oxidation processes
  • sustainable treatment
  • solar energy utilization
  • water reuse
  • emerging contaminants
  • byproducts and ecotoxicity assessment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2428 KiB  
Article
Different Adsorption Behavior between Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) on Granular Activated Carbon in Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plants
by Yong-Gyun Park, Woo Hyoung Lee and Keugtae Kim
Processes 2021, 9(4), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040571 - 25 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2847
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in water have detrimental effects on human health, and the removal rate of these compounds by conventional water treatment processes is low. Given that the levels of PFCs have been regulated in many regions, a granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption [...] Read more.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in water have detrimental effects on human health, and the removal rate of these compounds by conventional water treatment processes is low. Given that the levels of PFCs have been regulated in many regions, a granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption process has been used in drinking water treatment plants to maintain concentrations of PFCs, perfluorohexyl sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), below 70 ng/L. However, it was found that these concentrations in the final product water in local water utilities unexpectedly increased because of inappropriate operation and maintenance methods of GAC, such as its inefficient regeneration and replacement cycle. In this study, the changes in PFC concentration were monitored and analyzed in raw and final water of two large-scale water treatment plants for eight months. Additionally, the correlation of the GAC replacement cycle with the removal efficiency of PFHxS and PFOA was investigated in a total of 30 GAC basins of two drinking water treatment plants. A lab-scale experiment with a coconut-shell-based GAC column showed the possibly different mechanism of removal between PFHxS and PFOA, indicating that the sulfonate-based PFCs may be a limiting factor in GAC replacement cycle for PFCs removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Purification Technologies: Advanced Oxidation Processes)
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16 pages, 4874 KiB  
Article
Solar Photo-Assisted Degradation of Bipyridinium Herbicides at Circumneutral pH: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach
by Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira, Ruben Vasquez-Medrano, Dorian Prato-Garcia and Jorge G. Ibanez
Processes 2020, 8(9), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091117 - 8 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2290
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation of the herbicides diquat (DQ) and paraquat (PQ) by a solar photo-Fenton process that is mediated by Fe(III)-oxalate complexes at circumneutral pH = 6.5 in compound parabolic collectors (CPC)-type reactors. The photo-Fenton process operates efficiently at acidic pH; [...] Read more.
This study investigated the degradation of the herbicides diquat (DQ) and paraquat (PQ) by a solar photo-Fenton process that is mediated by Fe(III)-oxalate complexes at circumneutral pH = 6.5 in compound parabolic collectors (CPC)-type reactors. The photo-Fenton process operates efficiently at acidic pH; however, circumneutral operation was key to overcome drawbacks, such as acidification and neutralization steps, reagent costs, and the environmental footprint of chemical auxiliaries. This work revealed a remarkable reduction of total organic carbon for PQ (87%) and DQ (80%) after 300 min (at ca. 875 kJ L−1). Phytotoxicity assays confirmed that the treatment led to a considerable increase in the germination index for DQ (i.e., from 4.7% to 55.8%) and PQ (i.e., from 16.5% to 59.7%) using Cucumis sativus seeds. Importantly, treatment costs (DQ = USD$8.05 and PQ = USD$7.72) and the carbon footprint of the process (DQ = 7.37 and PQ = 6.29 kg CO2-Eqv/m3) were within the ranges that were reported for the treatment of recalcitrant substances at acidic conditions in CPC-type reactors. Life cycle assessment (LCA) evidenced that H2O2 and electricity consumption are the variables with the highest environmental impact because they contribute with ca. 70% of the carbon footprint of the process. Under the studied conditions, a further reduction in H2O2 use is counterproductive, because it could impact process performance and effluent quality. On the other hand, the main drawback of the process (i.e., energy consumption) can be reduced by using renewable energies. The sensitivity study evidenced that carbon footprint is dependent on the energy share of the local electricity mix; therefore, the use of more renewable electrical energy sources, such as wind-power and photovoltaic, can reduce greenhouse gases emissions of the process an average of 26.4% (DQ = 5.57 and PQ = 4.51 kg CO2-Eqv/m3) and 78.4% (DQ = 3.72 and PQ = 2.65 kg CO2-Eqv/m3), respectively. Finally, from the economic and environmental points of view, the experimental results evidenced that photo-assisted treatment at circumneutral pH is an efficient alternative to deal with quaternary bipyridinium compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Purification Technologies: Advanced Oxidation Processes)
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15 pages, 3009 KiB  
Article
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Treatment of Industrial Wastewater under the Exposure of Non-Thermal Plasma Jet
by Shazia Shukrullah, Warda Bashir, Noor Ul Huda Altaf, Yasin Khan, Abdulrehman Ali Al-Arainy and Toqeer Ahmad Sheikh
Processes 2020, 8(6), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8060667 - 4 Jun 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2974
Abstract
Freshwater is only 2.5% of the total water on the Earth and rest is contaminated or brackish. Various physical and chemical techniques are being used to purify the contaminated water. This study deals with catalytic plasma treatment of contaminated water collected from different [...] Read more.
Freshwater is only 2.5% of the total water on the Earth and rest is contaminated or brackish. Various physical and chemical techniques are being used to purify the contaminated water. This study deals with catalytic plasma treatment of contaminated water collected from different sites of Faisalabad-Pakistan. A non-thermal DC plasma jet technique was used to treat the water samples in the presence of TiO2 catalyst. The plasma-assisted catalytic treatment introduced some oxidative species (O3, H2O2, HO2−, OH−) in the water. These species reacted with pollutants and cause the degradation of harmful contaminants, especially dyes. The degradation of dye sample during plasma treatment was more pronounced as compared to other samples. pH, conductivity and TDS of dye containing sample decreased after catalytic plasma treatment. The degradation of organic pollutants increased due to presence of several oxidants, such as TiO2, ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide. FT-IR analysis revealed the degradation of some functional groups during treatment process and confirmed the effectiveness of the process. The residue of the treated samples was consisted of amines, amides and N-H functional groups. XRD analysis showed the presence of Alite, Ferrite, aluminate, Si, S and some heavy metals in the residue. The effect of plasma treatment on activity of gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in water was also checked. The bacterial activity was reduced by almost 50% after 2 min of plasma treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Purification Technologies: Advanced Oxidation Processes)
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